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Title: Healthcare responsibilities and conscientious objection.
Author: Cook RJ; Olaya MA; Dickens BM
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Mar;104(3):249-52.
Abstract: The Constitutional Court of Colombia has issued a decision of international significance clarifying legal duties of providers, hospitals, and healthcare systems when conscientious objection is made to conducting lawful abortion. The decision establishes objecting providers' duties to refer patients to non-objecting providers, and that hospitals, clinics, and other institutions have no rights of conscientious objection. Their professional and legal duties are to ensure that patients receive timely services. Hospitals and other administrators cannot object, because they do not participate in the procedures they are obliged to arrange. Objecting providers, and hospitals, must maintain knowledge of non-objecting providers to whom their patients must be referred. Accordingly, medical schools must adequately train, and licensing authorities approve, non-objecting providers. Where they are unavailable, midwives and perhaps nurse practitioners may be trained, equipped, and approved for appropriate service delivery. The Court's decision has widespread implications for how healthcare systems must accommodate conscientious objection and patients' legal rights.
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | CRITIQUE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | ABORTION LAW | COURT DECISION | CONSTITUTION | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | ETHICS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Litigation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341638

Title: Syphilis infection among female sex workers in Colombia.
Author: Mejia A; Bautista CT; Leal L; Ayala C; Prieto F; de la Hoz F; Alzate ML; Acosta J; Sanchez JL
Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):92-8.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) among female sex workers (FSW) in Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire, which collected socio-demographic characteristics and risk behavior information. Blood samples were screened for syphilis using the VDRL test and the MHATP assay. RESULTS: The prevalence of syphilis was 10.3% (53/514). Adjusted risk factors significantly associated with syphilis were: age (linear increase), education (primary or no education), monthly income (or=4 years), number of clients per week (>or=22), main workplace (street), inconsistent (never) condom use in sex work, previous STI history, and use of illegal drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Effective health education programs for improving the level of knowledge of STI and the promotion of consistent condom use activities along with other appropriate harm reduction activities are urgently required among FSW in Colombia.
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | EPIDEMIOLOGY | WOMEN | SEX WORKERS | SYPHILIS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Measurement | Research Methodology | Public Health | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 331184

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of lifetime abortion and methods of contraception among female sex workers in Bogota, Colombia.
Author: Bautista CT; Mej�a A; Leal L; Ayala C; Sanchez JL
Source: Contraception. 2008;77(3):209-213.
Abstract: The primary objective was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of abortion and the secondary objective was to describe the use of contraceptive methods among female sex workers (FSW) in Bogota, Colombia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among FSW. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, contraceptive methods, number of abortions, reasons for abortions and sexual practices was collected. A total of 514 FSW were enrolled. Of these, 264 (53%) had a lifetime abortion. Age, years in sex work and a previous sexually transmitted infection were associated with abortion. A total of 89 FSW(17%) reported no contraception method. Oral contraceptives, use of condoms, female sterilization and intrauterine device insertion were the most common methods of contraception. Women who were poorer, who initiated sex work at a younger age and who reported use of illegal drugs were associated with inconsistent contraception. A high lifetime prevalence of abortion and inconsistent contraception was found among FSW in Bogota. There is a need for effective and practical contraceptive methods of family health planning among FSW in Colombia. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | ABORTION | PREVALENCE | AGE FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Biology
Document Number: 324552 Notification

7.
Title: [Challenges of the medical entomology for the surveillance in public health in Colombia: reflections on the state of malaria] Retos de la entomologia medica para la vigilancia en salud publica en Colombia:
Author: Brochero H; Quinones ML
Source: Biomedica. 2008 Mar;28(1):18-24.
Abstract: The relevance of the medical entomology was considered with respect to current framework of malaria control programs in Colombia. A responsibility is indicated for balancing control efforts along with providing information on the malaria vectors. This knowledge must be acquired in order to focus the related activities that are required. The malaria control program must be based on results of local entomological surveillance, and the data must be in a form to give practical answers to questions regarding the control program. Difficulties in undertaking the required studies are described, particularly regarding the taxonomic identification of Colombian Anopheles in Colombia and which of these can be incriminated as malaria vectors.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | MALARIA | VECTOR CONTROL | INFORMATION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 328911

Title: Eight years of hepatitis B vaccination in Colombia with a recombinant vaccine: Factors influencing hepatitis B virus infection and effectiveness.
Author: de la Hoz F; Perez L; de Neira M; Hall AJ
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008 Mar;12(2):183-189.
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine used in endemic areas of Colombia, as well as risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage after vaccine introduction. A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban and rural areas of the Colombian Amazon, a highly endemic area for hepatitis B infection. Children under 12 years of age and their mothers were selected for the study using one-stage cluster sampling (N = 2145) and were examined for HBV serological markers and antibodies against surface antigen (anti-HBs). There has been a reduction of 60-75% in the prevalence of HBV infection and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage since HBV vaccination was introduced. Receiving the first dose of HBV vaccine at more than two months after birth was one of the factors associated with HBV carrier status. Maternal HBV infection was also associated with infection in the child. The recombinant Cuban hepatitis B vaccine has contributed to the reduction of the infection in this highly endemic area, though further efforts are required to improve timely vaccination for children at high risk. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CHILDREN | VACCINES | HEPATITIS | RISK FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | PREVALENCE | MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Biology | Drugs | Treatment | Measurement | Transmission | Infections
Document Number: 324962

Title: Domestic violence surveillance system: A model.
Author: Espinosa R; Gutierrez MI; Mena-Munoz JH; Cordoba P
Source: Salud Publica de Mexico. 2008;50 Suppl 1:s12-s18.
Abstract: The objective was to develop a domestic violence surveillance system. The strategies included implementation of a standard digitalized reporting and analysis system along with advocacy with community decision makers, strengthening inter-institutional attention networks, consultation for constructing internal flow charts, sensitizing and training network teams in charge of providing health care in cases of domestic violence and supporting improved public policy prevention initiatives. A total of 6 893 cases were observed using 2004 and 2005 surveillance system data. The system reports that 80% of the affected were women, followed by 36% children under 14 years. The identified aggressors were mainly females' partners. The system was useful for improving victim services. Findings indicate that significant gains were made in facilitating the attention and treatment of victims of domestic violence, improving the procedural response process and enhancing the quality of information provided to policy-making bodies. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | EPIDEMIOLOGY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | RECORDS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INFORMATION PROCESSING | DATA COLLECTION | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Diseases | Information | Communication | Research Methodology
Document Number: 326083

10.
Title: Sudden onset of verrucous plaques to the face and trunk: a case of cutaneous histoplasmosis in the setting of HIV.
Author: Friedman A; Solomon G; Segal-Maurer S; Pereira F
Source: Dermatology Online Journal. 2008;14(2):19.
Abstract: A 66-year-old Columbian man presented with a 15-day history of generalized weakness, cough, fever, and verrucous, ulcerating plaques of the face, upper chest and back, and arms. The patient proved to be HIV positive. Histopathologic examination showed a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate coupled with a striking number of yeast forms within macrophages. The clinical presentation and histopathologic alterations are consistent with the diagnosis disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum. This case emphasizes the importance of increasing awareness of histoplasmosis in nonendemic areas as a result of the large subgroup of immunocompromised patients at risk. Disseminated histoplasmosis can be a treatable HIV complication if recognized early, though is unfortunately a harbinger for an overall poor prognosis.
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MEN | DERMATITIS | HIV INFECTIONS | COMPLICATIONS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | FEVER | FATIGUE | HISTOCHEMICAL EFFECTS | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Studies | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Body Temperature | Physiology | Biology | Cytologic Effects | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 328713

11.

Title: Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in female outpatients and personnel at a Colombian hospital: Correlation with hormonal profile.
Author: Garcia S; Moreno S; Aponte H
Source: Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008 May;5(5):1208-1213.
Abstract: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a multifactorial entity and an underestimated problem with an overall prevalence between 20% and 50%. Prevalence can change according to the diagnostic criteria used, data collection, and others such as psychological and cultural factors. Population studies of FSD are limited, both in Colombia and in other countries. Nevertheless, because of the prevalence found in other studies, FSD can be considered a public health issue that affects the quality of life of women who suffer from it and their partners. The aim was to determine the prevalence of FSD and its correlation with the hormonal profile in female outpatients and female staff at San Jose Hospital (Bogota, Colombia). We performed a cross-sectional study with endocrine measurements. The prevalence of FSD according to the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) cutoff points, and androgenic deficiency defined as women with a proportion of free testosterone below 2%. Demographic characteristics, medical history survey, FSFI, and a hormonal profile that included follicle stimulating hormore (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estrone, estradiol, sulphate and total dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin, and total testosterone. Fifty (49.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.4-59.6%) out of 101 participants met the criteria for FSD; in those women with sexual activity in the past 4 weeks, the prevalence of FSD was 37.8% (95% CI: 27.3-49.1%). In the hormone evaluation sample, 29 out of 32 women with sexual activity in the past 4 weeks met the criteria for FSD. Our results suggest that there is independence between the FSFI scores and the proportion of free testosterone. Our findings suggest that FSD in our population has a prevalence as high as that previously reported in the literature; however, because of the sample selection criteria, we could not say that our study results may well reflect the prevalence in our general Colombian population. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | SEXUALITY | HORMONES | PREVALENCE | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Measurement | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 326453

12.
Peer Reviewed

Title: [A comparison of three screening strategies for prevention of perinatal HIV infection in Colombia: a decision analysis model] Comparacion de tres estrategias de tamizaje para la prevencion de la infeccion
Author: Gomez M
Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud P�blica / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2008 Oct;24(4):256-64.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To apply decision analysis to compare the cost-effectiveness of three strategies for HIV screening of pregnant women and to recommend the one most appropriate for the health care system of Colombia. METHODS: An economic study applying decision analysis to three types of HIV screening of expectant women: voluntary, universal, and optional. All the women in Colombia with unknown HIV status who were admitted for child birth were included. The study included all the direct medical costs incurred from the time of testing through the first year following delivery, according to the General System for Healthcare Social Security. Cost-effectiveness ratio and the savings of each of the strategies were compared. RESULTS: For every 10,000 women, the universal strategy detected five cases more than the voluntary strategy and seven cases more than the optional. The universal strategy carried a cost of approximately US$ 17 for each HIV-positive newborn; that is, less than half of that of the voluntary strategy (US$ 38) and less than the optional (US$ 24). According to the bifactorial analysis, the universal screening strategy was less costly than the voluntary and more effective than both of the others, regardless of prevalence, the false-positive rate of each method, and the rate of maternal compliance with screening. CONCLUSIONS: The screening strategy currently in use in Colombia is more costly (in both the medium- and long-term), less effective, and less capable of prevention, than the universal screening strategy. The recommendation to the national health authorities of Colombia is to begin screening all pregnant women for HIV infection using third-generation testing.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | COST EFFECTIVENESS | SCREENING | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV TESTING | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | DECISION MAKING | HIV PREVENTION | EVALUATION | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Behavior
Document Number: 330333

13.
Title: [Patterns of antiretroviral drug prescription in 997 Colombian patients] Patrones de prescripcion de antirretrovirales en 997 pacientes colombianos.
Author: Machado JE; Alzate JA
Source: Biomedica. 2008 Mar;28(1):78-86.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has improved steadily since the advent of combination therapy in 1996. OBJECTIVE: The pharmacological therapies of the infection by HIV/AIDS were documented in order to determine if effective treatment regimes were prescribed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pharmacological therapies of the human immunodeficiency virus infection were compared in 997 patients affiliated with the health security system, of both sexes and all ages. All had been in treatment for more than three months (July--September 2006) and were distributed in 15 Colombian cities. The data were retrieved from medication consumption files which were maintained by the institutions that had distributed medications to the selected patients. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 37.7+/-13.2 and 82.6% were men. All the patients received between three to five antiretrovirals. The medications most commonly prescribed were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (96.4%), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (54.9%), protease inhibitors (39.8%) and others (0.4%). All of the doses were at recommended levels.The most common combinations were lamivudine-zidovudine-efavirenz (35%), lamivudine-zidovudine+lopinavir/ritonavir (8.4%), abacavir+lamivudine-zidovudine (5.5%), lamivudine-zidovudine+nevirapine (5.2 %) and others (45.9%), consisting of 65 different combinations. CONCLUSIONS: All agents were used at internationally recommended doses and rational prescription patterns prevailed in the initial therapy. However, the use of 69 different associations suggested that after the beginning of treatment, clinicians do not have adequate criteria to prescribe in accordance with international guidelines of antiretroviral therapy; they adopt a variety of options that may be outside of established recommendations.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | PRESCRIPTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | RECOMMENDATIONS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Distributional Activities
Document Number: 328910

14.
Title: [Concordance between thick blood smear, immunochromatography and polymerase chain reaction for malaria diagnosis] Concordancia entre gota gruesa, inmunocromatografia y reaccion en cadena de la
Author: Montoya AE; Menco J; Osorio N; Zuluaga MA; Duque J; Torres G; Restrepo M
Source: Biomedica. 2008 Jun;28(2):252-61.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The rapid and effective diagnosis of malaria is the determining condition for an appropriate treatment and control of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The sensitivity, specificity and the positive and negative predictive values were evaluated in cases of suspected malaria in Colombia in a comparison of a rapid diagnostic test. the PCR test and the thick blood smear-the traditional gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 100 patients with symptoms compatible with malaria, were included in the study. They were selected from the following Colombian regions: Uraba, Cordoba, lower Cauca, and relatively fewer from other malaria endemic areas of Colombia including the provinces of Valle, Choco in the central west of Colombia and Vichada to the east. To each patient the following three tests were performed: the rapid OptiMAL test, the PCR identification and the thick blood smear. The PCR amplified specific DNA sequences with primers designed to identify the genus Plasmodium, and the two species present in Colombia, P. falciparum and P. vivax. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the rapid test versus the thick smear, for the diagnosis of both species of Plasmodium was 93.9% (95% CI: 87-100%) and the specificity was 94.3% (95% CI:.253 85-100%). The PCR compared with the thick smear showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 99-100%) and a specificity of 97.1% (95% CI: 90-100%). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and specificity of the three tests did not present statistically significant differences. However, the thick blood smear was recommended as the standard test, mainly due to its low cost.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | CLIENTS | MALARIA | TESTING | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation
Document Number: 328940

15.

Title: [Factors affecting how long exclusive breastfeeding lasts] Factores asociados a la lactancia materna exclusiva en poblacion pobre de areas urbanas de Colombia.
Author: Rodriguez-Garcia J; Acosta-Ramirez N
Source: Revista de Salud Publica. 2008 Jan-Feb;10(1):71-84.
Abstract: Objective: Identifying factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding by poor urban women in Colombia. Methodology: A random sample of women living in poor neighborhoods from four Colombian cities (Cali, Cartagena, Medellin and Ibague) was made (survey method), using a cross-sectional design; survival analysis techniques were applied. Results: Bivariate analysis identified hospital bottle use, the women's marital status, and relationship with the head of household as having had a significant effect on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Multivariate analysis identified the non-use of bottles in hospital as favoring a longer breast feeding period. Conclusions: Reducing hospital bottle use is readily achievable by health system action; increasing the time mothers spend with their infants is more difficult. A relevant finding was that more mothers were unaware of breastfeeding's maternal benefits than those who were unaware of its benefits for the baby. If mothers were made more aware of the maternal benefits, an increasing number might insist on being the main caregiver and take care of their children for longer periods of time.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | LOW INCOME POPULATION | MARITAL STATUS | HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD | BREASTFEEDING, EXCLUSIVE | TIME FACTORS | BEHAVIOR | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nuptiality | Households | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Breastfeeding | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 308955

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Cali, Colombia, South America.
Author: Rosso F; Les JT; Agudelo A; Villalobos C; Chaves JA
Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008 Mar;78(31):504-508.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies among pregnant women in Cali, Colombia. In 2005, 955 pregnant women were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies and sociodemographic information was collected. Their average age was 25.1 years, overall IgG seroprevalence 45.8% (95% CI: 41.8%, 48.2%), IgM 2.8% (95% CI: 1.5%, 3.6%). Seroprevalence increased significantly with age, 39.0% in 14 to 19 years to 55.3% in 30 to 39 years (P = 0.001). There was a significant trend toward a higher seroprevalence in the lower socioeconomic strata (SES) (low: 49.0%, high: 29%, P = 0.004). The increase in seroprevalence by age was more significant in the lower socioeconomic strata (P = 0.002). Our results suggest a higher prevalence when compared with those of the national 1980 (33-37.6%) survey. In contrast to reports from other regions of the world, Cali has not seen a decrease in T. gondii seroprevalence over the past 25 years. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PREGNANT WOMEN | PARASITES | INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Diseases | Measurement | Economic Factors | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 325283

17.

Title: Determinants of demand for antenatal care in Colombia.
Author: Vecino-Ortiz AI
Source: Health Policy. 2008 May;86(2-3):363-372.
Abstract: In recent years, interest on researching on antenatal care issues and other health promotion and prevention interventions has increased. However, even though there is a growing interest in publishing about antenatal care use, evidence concerning which, and how socioeconomic conditions influence whether a pregnant woman demands or not antenatal consultations on the assumption that the theoretical access to this service has not entry barriers, is still limited. In order to generate this evidence, a two-stage analysis was performed with data gathered on the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) carried out by Profamilia in Colombia during 2005. The first stage was run as a logistic regression model showing the marginal effects on the probability of attending the first visit and an ordinary least squares model was performed for the second stage accounting for the absences to antenatal consultations once at least one visit was carried out. It was found that mothers living in the Pacific Ocean region as well as young mothers seem to have a lower probability of attending the first visit but these factors are not related to the number of absences to antenatal consultation once the first visit has been achieved. The effect of health insurance was surprising because of the differing effects that the health insurers showed. Some familiar and personal conditions such as willingness to have the last children and number of previous children, demonstrated to be important in the determination of demand. The effect of mother's educational attainment was proved as important whereas the father's educational achievement was not. This paper provides some elements for policy making in order to increase the demand inducement of antenatal care, as well as stimulating research on demand for specific issues on health. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MOTHERS | ANTENATAL CARE | NEEDS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH INSURANCE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | MATERNAL AGE | PREGNANCY HISTORY | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Fertility Measurements | Fertility
Document Number: 325562

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Colombia 2005: results from the Demographic and Health Survey.
Author: Population Council; ORC Macro. MEASURE DHS
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2007 Mar;38(1):55-60.
Abstract: The Colombia Demographic and Health Survey 2005, or Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en Colombia, Encuesta Nacional de Demograf�a y Salud 2005, was conducted by Profamilia and the Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, with technical assistance from Macro International. Data for the nationally representative ENDS 2005 were collected from 37,211 households, and complete interviews were conducted with 38,143 women aged 15-49. The fieldwork took place from 7 October 2004 to 30 June 2005. The summary statistics presented below were taken from the Colombia country report,1 with exceptions as noted. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | POPULATION | FERTILITY | CONTRACEPTION | MARITAL STATUS | MATERNAL HEALTH | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | INFANT HEALTH | DISEASE PREVENTION | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Nuptiality | Health | Child Health | Prevention and Control | Diseases
Document Number: 308469

19.

Title: [Colombian plants with spermicidal activity, new options in anticonception: brief review] Nuevas opciones en anticoncepcion: posible uso espermicida de plantas colombianas.
Author: Alvarez-Gomez AM; Cardona-Maya WD; Castro-Alvarez JF; Jimenez S; Cadavid A
Source: Actas Urologicas Espanolas. 2007 Apr;31(4):372-381.
Abstract: At present there is growing concern about sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, and despite the existence of different contraceptive methods the number of unwanted pregnancies is increasing. Among the products available are spermicides, which are completely controlled by the woman and have the advantage of continuous use contraception, but also have the disadvantage of causing irritation to the vaginal epithelium due to a surfactant effect on the cell membrane, which could facilitate the transmission of infections. In the search for new alternatives, we found that a wide variety of plants have spermicidal activity, which suggests an interesting proposal for a contraceptive of plant origin, which constitutes a key tool in preventing unwanted pregnancies and their impact on a particularly vulnerable population group, as are adolescent girls and young women.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | VAGINAL SPERMICIDES | SIDE EFFECTS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 320437

20.

Title: [Sexually-transmitted infection in a high-risk group from Monteria, Colombia] Infecciones de transmission sexual en un grupo de alto riesgo de la ciudad de Monteria, Colombia.
Author: Alvis N; Mattar S; Garcia J; Conde E; Diaz A
Source: Revista de Salud Publica. 2007 Jan-Mar;9(1):86-96.
Abstract: The objective was to identify the main aetiological agents of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in a high-risk population from the city of Monter�a, Colombia. The population consisted of 69 sex-workers (high-risk group) and 16 housewives (low-risk group) living in the city of Monter�a. Specimens were cultured by standard microbiological methods and by the AMPLICOR CT/NG molecular technique. Patients were aged 18-44 (26.1 average age). It was determined that 17.4% of the high-risk population were positive for G. vaginalis, 15.9 % for C. trachomatis, 4.3 % for N. gonorrhoeae and 2.9 % for T. vaginalis and Candida albicans and, in the low-risk population, 56.3 % for G. vaginalis, 12.5 % for C. trachomatis, 6.3 % for N. gonorrhoeae and 12.5 % for C. albicans. It was found that 70 % of the sex-workers had 5-10 sexual relationships per week, 10 % 11-15 per week and 20 % 16-20 per week (average above 1 000 annual partners). 15.4 % of the sex-workers did not use protection during their sexual relationships. The high rates of infection found in the populations studied presume a high risk of transmission, making it a priority to intervene in these groups to prevent the spread of HIV and STI. (author's)
Spanish Abstract: Identificar los principales agentes etiol�gicos de enfermedades de transmisi�n sexual en una poblaci�n de alto riesgo de la ciudad de Monter�a. La poblaci�n estuvo conformada por 69 trabajadoras sexuales (grupo de alto riesgo) y 16 amas de casa (grupo de bajo riesgo) de la ciudad de Monter�a. Las muestras de secreci�n vaginal fueron procesadas seg�n m�todos microbiol�gicos est�ndares y por el m�todo molecular de AMPLICOR� CT/NG. La edad de las pacientes estuvo entre 18 y 44 a�os con una media de 26,1. En la poblaci�n de alto riesgo, se determin� que el 17,4 % fueron positivas para Gardnerella vaginalis, C. trachomatis (5,9 %); Neisseria gonorrhoeae (4,3 %), Trichomonas vaginalis y Candida albicans, (2,9 %); en la poblaci�n de bajo riesgo Gardnerella vaginalis (56,3 %), C. trachomatis (12,5 %); Neisseria gonorrhoeae (6,3 %), y Candida albicans (12,5 %). Se encontr� que la frecuencia de relaciones sexuales en la poblaci�n de trabajadoras sexuales fue: 70 % (5-10 semanales), 10 % (11-15 semanales) y 20 % (16-20 semanales). El 15,4 % de las trabajadoras sexuales no utilizaron preservativos en sus relaciones sexuales. Las altas tasas de infecci�n encontradas en las poblaciones estudiadas presumen que existe un alto riesgo de transmisibilidad y es prioridad intervenir en estos grupos para prevenir las infecciones por el VIH y dem�s infecciones de transmisi�n sexual. (del autor)
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SEX WORKERS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Biology
Document Number: 316276

21.

Title: Remittances and changing gender power relations in recipient households.
Author: Aysa-Lastra M
Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [2] p.
Abstract: This paper analyses household expenditures strategies of male and female beneficiaries of remittances in the Metropolitan Area of Pereira located in the coffee region of Colombia. The objective of the analysis is to study the role of migrants in redefining gender roles in their communities of origin through remittances. I compare expenditures profiles in six types of households, defined by their status as remittance beneficiaries, gender of the remitter and gender of the household head. The differential patterns of expenditure are considered proxies for women's empowerment at the household level. I argue that female beneficiaries expend more on human capital and living expenses than male beneficiaries. In the analysis I control for the presence of children, civil status and the beneficiaries' life cycle stage among other variables. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SUMMARY REPORT | ECONOMIC MODEL | HOUSEHOLDS | REMITTANCES | GENDER RELATIONS | SEX FACTORS | EXPENDITURES | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | HUMAN CAPITAL | HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION | INCOME | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Gender Issues | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Financial Activities | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Human Resources
Document Number: 317841

22.

Title: Taking on the opposition, male circumcision and other themes [editorial]
Author: Berer M
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2007 May;15(29):6-8.
Abstract: THIS journal issue has at least two themes. The originally announced theme is about strategies for taking on the opposition to sexual and reproductive health and rights. Not surprisingly, abortion is the subject of several of the papers. Interestingly, the issues of support and opposition in relation to abortion law and policy are analysed from the point of view of Islam in the Middle East and North Africa (Hessini), the role of the parliament in reforming the abortion law from a gender and political perspective in democratic Spain, knowledge and perceptions of ordinary people vs. the churches and government in Trinidad & Tobago (Martin et al), the stories of women who had unsafe abortions in Australia prior to legal reform and the process of taking a case to liberalise the abortion law to the Constitutional Court in Colombia. But abortion is not the only subject of papers for this theme. Opposition to emergency contraception in Latin America is the focus of two papers, one about the changing political stance of different governments and the influence of that and of right-wing lobbyists on a major donor in Peru and the other about the opposition of the Catholic church in Latin America to emergency contraception, with examples from Peru, Brazil and Chile, and a scientific and conceptual analysis of the origins of that opposition. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | SPAIN | TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO | AUSTRALIA | COLOMBIA | LATIN AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | MALE CIRCUMCISION | INTEREST GROUPS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | ABORTION LAW | POLICY | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | POLITICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Oceania | South America, Northern | South America | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception
Document Number: 316689 Notification

23.

Title: Designing surveys of international migrants: The needle in the haystack, or finding the right haystack? A case study of Colombians in Ecuador. Extended abstract.
Author: Bilsborrow RE
Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [8] p.
Abstract: A major methodological issue is how to collect the data, since international migrants are generally a very small proportion of the population in host countries, and more so if one focuses on recent migrants rather than lifetime migrants. It is clearly the former that is of interest for formulating policies. The proposed paper is concerned with the testing of methodologies developed for designing samples to select international migrants, based on the "rare elements" problem in the sampling literature, and the results of an empirical study in one developing country, which also incorporated the use of snowball sampling to attempt to locate the international migrants. Several significant problems were encountered in the data collection, which may have useful lessons for future surveys on international migration. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ECUADOR | COLOMBIA | SUMMARY REPORT | SURVEY METHODOLOGY | CASE STUDIES | HOUSEHOLDS | MIGRANTS | REFUGEES | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | REMITTANCES | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | South America, Northern | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 318540

24.

Title: Sexual intercourse among adolescent students of Santa Marta, Colombia: A cross-sectional survey.
Author: Ceballos GA; Campo-Arias A
Source: Colombia Medica. 2007 Jul-Sep;38(3):191-196.
Abstract: Among teenagers, the prevalence of sexual intercourse (SI) varies from one country to another, and within the same country - from region to region. Information regarding SI in teenagers is unknown for a representative portion of students in Santa Marta, Colombia. The objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with SI in middle- and high-school students from public and private schools from urban and rural zones. A statistical sample provided by an anonymous survey of a group of students. Logistic regression was used to control confounders associated with students having had sexual intercourse in his/her lifetime. A total of 3575 students, all grades and socioeconomic status, answered the survey. The mean age was 13.6 (SD=1.9), mean years of schooling was 8.2 years (SD=1.6), and 57% were girls. A group of 804 (22.5%) students affirmed to having had SI. Having had SI was associated with being male (OR=8.5), alcohol drinking (OR=4.3), cannabis use (OR=4.2), cigarette smoking (OR=2.8), being older (OR=1.7), attending private school (OR=1.3), and being in a higher grade (OR=1.2). Among the students twenty-five percent reported having had SI. This is associated with unhealthy habits such as consumption of alcohol, cannabis and cigarettes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | PREVALENCE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | TOBACCO USE | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Reproduction | Measurement | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 322845

25.

Title: [Suicide trends in Colombia, 1985 -- 2002] Tendencias del suicidio en Colombia, 1985 -- 2002.
Author: Cendales R; Vanegas C; Fierro M; Cordoba R; Olarte A
Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud P�blica / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2007 Oct;22(4):231-238.
Abstract: Objectives. To report trends in mortality from suicide in Colombia from 1985 to 2002 by sex, age group, and method, and determine the number of Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) to suicide during this period. Methods. Age- and sex-specific and age-adjusted crude mortality rates were calculated based on mortality and population information available from the official database of the Department of National Statistics Administration, Colombia. YPLL were estimated and adjusted for societal impact, age, and poor quality of mortality records. The results were tabulated according to codes X600-X849 and Y870 from the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10), and codes E950-E959 from the 9th revision (ICD-9). Results. Suicide rates have been climbing in Colombia since 1998, particularly among young adults and males. The highest rates among males were in the age groups 20-29 years of age and over 70 years of age, and rates increased over time. Among females, the highest rates were recorded for the group 10-19 years of age. The YPLL rose in proportion with the increase in suicides, from 0.81% in 1981 to 2.20% in 2002. Among males, the most common methods used were firearms and explosives, hanging, and poison, with a relative increase in hanging; whereas among females, poison was most common. Conclusions. A rising trend in suicide rates in Colombia was confirmed, especially among the productive segment of the population, which has resulted in a marked increase in YPLL.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLASSIFICATION | POPULATION | PREVALENCE | SUICIDE | SEX FACTORS | DEATH RATE | AGE SPECIFIC DEATH RATE | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Measurement | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 324582

26.

Title: [Intra-family violence affecting students attending basic- and middle-schools in Bogota] Violencia intrafamiliar que afecta a estudiantes de educacion basica y media en Bogota.
Author: Cepeda-Cuervo E; Moncada-Sanchez E; Alvarez VP
Source: Revista de Salud Publica. 2007 Oct-Dec;9(4):516-528.
Abstract: Objective: Determining levels of intra-family violence associated with students attending schools in Ciudad Bolivar, Bogota, Colombia. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 3226 students from the 6th to 11th grades attending state schools located in Ciudad Bolivar in Bogota. The data was collected from a survey in which the students' perception of violence in their homes was determined; data was statistically analysed by using SPSS 14.0. Results: A high percentage of students had difficulty in communicating with their parents and felt rejected and a lack of love from some of the members in their homes. 28.4 % of those surveyed (915 students) had been victims of more than 20 of the violent situations; 35% of the students in the sample had a family atmosphere characterised by high levels of violence. The percentage of students who stated that they had been physically mistreated depended on their education level; the highest percentages being presented in the 7th and 8th grades. Conclusions: The middle- and upper-school student community in Ciudad Bolivar in Bogota, Colombia, is affected by many situations concerning intra-family violence.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | DATA ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | YOUTH | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | LOVE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Emotions | Behavior
Document Number: 326365

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Breast milk composition in a cohort of pre-term infants� mothers followed in an ambulatory programme in Colombia.
Author: Charpak N; Ruiz JG
Source: Acta Paediatrica. 2007 Dec;96(12):1755-1759.
Abstract: The objectives were describing preterm breast milk evolution and composition according to gestational age (GA) and postnatal age (PNA) in a cohort of mothers cared for in an ambulatory Kangaroo Mother Care Program (KMCP) in a developing country. A cohort involving 113 mothers who delivered 'healthy' preterms adequate for GA was assembled. Mothers received intensive breastfeeding support before discharge. Samples of both fore- and hind milk were obtained at entry into KMCP and weekly thereafter, until term. Composition was described according to PNA and postconceptional age (PCA). Protein concentration varied inversely with both PCA and PNA. Fat concentration was consistently higher in hind milk than in fore milk samples of the same feed. Lactose increased steadily with PCA. Calcium/phosphorus ratios were stable, close to 2:1 and content of both was similar in samples of different PCA and PNA. Minerals concentration could be inadequate for preterms. Protein concentration decreases steadily to mature milk levels by the third week of PNA, regardless of birth GA. Therefore, from the third week of PNA onwards, protein content could be insufficient to satisfy needs of preterms born at 32 weeks or less. Feeding hind milk could increase caloric density and fat intake to better meet preterms' nutritional needs. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | MOTHERS | INFANT | INFANT NUTRITION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | HUMAN MILK | BREASTFEEDING | GESTATIONAL AGE | BONDING | PREMATURE BIRTH | COUNSELING | AGE FACTORS | CALCIUM | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nutrition | Health | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Lactation | Maternal Physiology | Physiology | Biology | Fetus | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Pregnancy Outcomes | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Metals | Vitamins and Minerals
Document Number: 324850

28.

Title: [Caregivers and health workers' perceptions of neonatal disease alarm signals in Guapi, Colombia] Percepciones de signos de alarma en enfermedad neonatal de los cuidadores y trabajadores de la salud en Guapi, Colombia.
Author: Delgado-Noguera MF; Calvache-Espana JA; Tabares-Trujillo RE; del Cairo-Silva C; Bedoya-Idrobo LM
Source: Revista de Salud Publica. 2007 Jan-Mar;9(1):39-52.
Abstract: The objectives were to explore caregivers (CG) and health workers' (HW) perceptions of danger signals in the newborn and establishing the type of medical attention they require in rural and urban areas of Guapi on Colombia's Pacific coast. A descriptive design was used combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Three focus groups, three semi-structured interviews and two case-studies were employed. Some signals obtained from these data were used for constructing a structured interview. A survey was carried out with 200 CGs (mothers with newborn, grandmothers, community mothers, housewives) and 40 HWs (general practitioners, health promoters, nursing auxiliaries, traditional medicine healers, midwifes and FAMI-mothers). The data was analysed using MaxQDA 2.0 qualitative data software and ethnographic analysis. The first 5 signs of illness (in order of importance) perceived by CGs and HWs were: diarrhoea, dehydration, fever, vomiting and breathing problems. They coincided in their perceptions of the need for emergency consultation for convulsions, tetanus and dehydration. Significant differences were found between HW and CG perceptions regarding "type of consultation" for dehydration, fever, convulsions, breathing problems and tetanus (p<0.05). Cultural illnesses (i.e. the evil eye and ghosts) also emerged. CGs and HWs in Guapi were good at recognising danger signals for neonatal illness; however, there were differences regarding the search for attention. The finding of cultural illnesses must be taken into account in newborn attention strategies. This acceptable level of recognition was hindered by the lack of quality medical care services for the newborn encountering health problems. (author's)
Spanish Abstract: Explorar la percepci�n de signos de peligro de los neonatos entre cuidadores y trabajadores de la salud y establecer el tipo de atenci�n m�dica que requieren. Lugar: �reas rurales y urbanas de Guapi, Regi�n Pac�fica Caucana, Colombia. Dise�o: Descriptivo. Combinaci�n de m�todos cualitativos y cuantitativos; Medici�n: Se realizaron tres grupos focales, tres entrevistas semiestructuradas y dos estudios de caso. Con estos datos se obtuvieron signos para construir una entrevista estructurada. La encuesta se aplico a 200 cuidadores (madres con reci�n nacidos, abuelas, madres comunitarias y amas de casa) (CP) y 40 trabajadores de salud (m�dicos generales, auxiliares de enfermer�a, promotores de la salud, m�dicos tradicionales, parteras y madres FAMI) (TS) El an�lisis por medio de software cualitativo MaxQDA 2.0 y an�lisis etnogr�fico. Los 5 primeros signos percibidos por CP y TS fueron: Diarrea, Deshidrataci�n, Fiebre, V�mito y Problemas respiratorios. Hubo coincidencia en la percepci�n para consulta de emergencia en Convulsiones, T�tanos, y Deshidrataci�n. Para tipo de consulta, diferencias significativas en la percepci�n de TS y CP en Deshidrataci�n, Fiebre, Convulsiones, Problemas respiratorios y T�tanos (p<0.05). Emergieron enfermedades culturales como el Ojo y Espanto. Existe un buen reconocimiento de signos de peligro de enfermedad neonatal por CP y TS. Sin embargo existen diferencias en cuanto al tipo de b�squeda de atenci�n. El hallazgo de enfermedades culturales es importante en la implementaci�n de estrategias de atenci�n neonatal. Este reconocimiento aceptable se obstaculiza por la ausencia de servicios para atender con calidad al neonato enfermo. (del autor)
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDY DESIGN | INTERVIEWS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | GRANDPARENTS | PARENTS | MOTHERS | PERCEPTION | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 316274

29.

Title: Rate and predictors of optimal virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in Colombia.
Author: DiazGranados CA; Silva A; Bermudez A; Roncancio D; Diruggiero P
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2007 Nov;11(6):531-535.
Abstract: The objective was to estimate the rate of optimal response to antiretroviral therapy and its predictors in Colombia. A retrospective cohort study was performed. The medical records of all patients at three major HIV clinics in different areas of Colombia, South America, were reviewed. Eligible patients met the following criteria: (1) viral load test available while on therapy; and (2) patients must have been on a stable first antiviral regimen for at least 1 year (48 weeks). Optimal virologic response was defined as a viral load < 400 copies/ml. Two hundred and twenty patients were eligible for the study. The optimal virologic response rate was 40% (95% confidence interval 34-46%). Younger age (p = 0.02) and western region of the country (p = 0.026) were the only significant predictors of non-optimal response in bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed younger age (p = 0.0054) and geographic area (p = 0.0468) as independent predictors of non-optimal response. The optimal response rate in some areas of Colombia seems lower than that reported for other areas of the developing world. Poorer virologic responses were observed in younger patients and in those from the western region of the country. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | HIV | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 321778

30.

Title: [Using ELISA for identifying Triatominae feeding behaviour in Colombia] ELISA para la Identificacion de los Patrones Alimentarios de Triatominaeen Colombia.
Author: Farfan AE; Gutierrez R; Angulo VM
Source: Revista de Salud Publica. 2007 Oct-Dec;9(4):602-608.
Abstract: Objective: Standardising the ELISA technique for identifying triatomine insects' feeding behaviour. Methods: The ELISA test was standardised by preparing 12 animal anti-specie polyclonal antisera by immunising rabbits with sera from domestic and wild animals; the sera were titred and absorbed to improve specificity. The intestinal content of fifth-instar Rhodnius prolixus (previously fed on each host) was used as positive control; negative controls were obtained from triatomines without feeding. The intestinal content from 60 intradomicile R. prolixus collected in the field was processed to determine the test's effectiveness. Results: The high-reactivity ELISA technique was standardised in detecting every blood protein in the positive controls used here. Blood proteins from one or more domestic and wild hosts were detected in 70% of the intestinal content of triatomines collected in homes. Bird, human, pig and goat blood were the most frequent feeding sources; blood proteins from wild animals were identified in 9.5% of them. Conclusions: The technique was shown to be effective in detecting blood proteins from different hosts in the intestinal content of triatomines taken from the laboratory and the field. Even though domestic animals' blood was preferentially determined, the findings from wild animals' blood could indicate insect mobility probably from the wild to the domicile. This tool helps in understanding triatomines' behaviour regarding their hosts, thereby contributing to understanding Chagas' disease ecoepidemiology.
Spanish Abstract: Objetivo: Estandarizar la t�cnica de ELISA para la identificaci�n de los patrones alimentarios de insectos triatominos. M�todos: Para estandarizar el ELISA se prepararon 12 antisueros policlonales anti-especie animal a partir de inmunizaciones en conejos con sueros de animales dom�sticos y silvestres, que fueron titulados y absorbidos para mejorar especificidad; como controles positivos se utilizaron contenidos intestinales de ninfas de V instar de Rhodnius prolixus previamente alimentadas sobre cada hospedero; los negativos se obtuvieron de triatominos sin alimentar. Se procesaron 60 contenidos intestinales de R. prolixus de intradomicilio colectados en campo para determinar la efectividad de la prueba. Resultados: Se estandariz� la t�cnica de ELISA con alta reactividad en la detecci�n de cada prote�na sangu�nea de los controles positivos utilizados. En el 70 % de los contenidos intestinales de los triatominos colectados en el domicilio se detectaron prote�nas sangu�neas de uno o m�s hospederos dom�sticos y silvestres. Sangre de ave, humano, cerdo y cabra fueron las fuentes alimentarias m�s frecuentes; prote�nas sangu�neas de animales silvestres fueron identificadas en 9,5 %. Conclusiones: La t�cnica mostr� ser efectiva en la detecci�n de prote�nas sangu�neas de diferentes hospederos en el contenido intestinal de triatominos de laboratorio y de campo. Si bien se determin� preferencialmente sangre de animales dom�sticos, el hallazgo de sangre de animales silvestres podr�a indicar movilidad de insectos probablemente de origen silvestre al domicilio. Esta herramienta ayuda a entender el comportamiento de los triatominos frente a sus hospederos, contribuyendo a la comprensi�n de la ecoepidemiolog�a de la Enfermedad de Chagas.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | LABORATORY ANIMALS | IMMUNIZATION | TESTING | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | PARASITES | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Primary Health Care | Measurement | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning | Biology
Document Number: 326368


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