1.  Title: Metabolic and endocrine effects of metformin and metformin plus cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Author: Haydardedeoglu B; Simsek E; Kilicdag EB; Bagis T Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr;105(1):32-5. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the metabolic and endocrine effects of treatment with cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) plus metformin compared with metformin alone in women with PCOS. METHODS: In this prospective randomized study of women with PCOS, 20 women received 850 mg of metformin twice a day, and 20 women received 850 mg of metformin plus 5 mg of MPA twice a day. Body mass index, hormonal and lipid blood profiles, homocysteine blood level, and insulin sensitivities assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were recorded at baseline and at 3 months. RESULTS: Total cholesterol levels decreased in the metformin plus MPA group (P=0.002) but did not change significantly in the metformin group (P=0.159). While homocysteine levels remained unchanged in the metformin plus MPA group, they increased significantly in the metformin group (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: There were no adverse effects of short-term cyclic MPA plus metformin treatment on metabolic parameters or insulin resistance in patients with PCOS over a 3-month treatment period. Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLIENTS | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | OVARIAN CYSTS | TREATMENT | ENDOCRINE EFFECTS | METABOLIC EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Lipids Document Number: 341637 |
| 2. Title: Metabolic profile and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in different reproductive phases of Czech women and their relations to weight, body composition and fat distribution. Author: KOSKOVA I; PETRASEK R; VONDRA K; DUSKOVA M; STARKA L Source: Physiological Research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. 2009;58(3):393-402. Abstract: In our study, 213 healthy Czech women aged 20 to 65 years were examined and divided into fully reproductive, premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal groups. In all subjects body composition was determined by classical anthropometry and metabolic profile was assessed. A total of 146 subjects completed 3-year longitudinal study. Total and LDL cholesterol increased and ratio HDL/total cholesterol decreased with age (p<0.001), most significantly in menopause. Triacylglycerols increased only up to menopause. HDL had a very slight trend to decrease in menopause and postmenopause. Fasting blood glucose level increased progressively (p<0.001), in postmenopause frequently exceeded normal range. Higher BMI, total fat mass and central fat indices were associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, C-peptide, insulin and fasting blood glucose level (p<0.001; fasting blood glucose level to waist-to-hip ratio: p<0.01) and lower HDL cholesterol (p<0.001). Higher C-peptide and insulin were associated with lower HDL cholesterol and higher triacylglycerols (p<0.001). Fasting glucose correlated with LDL cholesterol (p<0.01). Higher SHBG was associated with higher HDL and lower LDL cholesterol (p<0.001). Hormone replacement treatment was related to lower fasting blood glucose level in postmenopausal women (p<0.01). Oral contraception is suggestive of a positive influence on lipid spectrum by increasing the ratio HDL/total cholesterol. Markers of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are not only age-related, but they are also related to BMI, total fat mass and central fat indices. Therefore, preventive programs should be focused above all on menopausal women. Language: English Keywords: CZECHOSLOVAKIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | WOMEN | CARBOHYDRATE METABOLIC EFFECTS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | BODY WEIGHT | ANTHROPOMETRY | AGE FACTORS | MENOPAUSE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Metabolic Effects | Physiology | Biology | Lipids | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Reproduction | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 342621 |
| 3. Title: Maternal mid-pregnancy serum triglyceride levels and neonatal birth weight. Author: Kushtagi P; Arvapally S Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Mar 25; Abstract: Although disturbances in maternal glucose metabolism and resultant fetal hyperinsulinemia are known to significantly impact fetal overgrowth, it has been suggested that other fuels such as lipids and amino acids may be the determinants of fetal growth in nondiabetics. Maternal serum lipid levels increase in mid to late pregnancy; and in women with gestational diabetes, elevated triglycerides were significantly associated with birth weight corrected for gestational age. Although the role of maternal hyperlipidemia in fetal growth is not known, maternal fasting serum triglyceride levels at 24 to 32 weeks of pregnancy were shown to be significantly and positively associated with neonatal weight at term, independent of maternal prepregnancy obesity, weight gain during pregnancy, or mid-pregnancy plasma glucose levels (either fasting or postprandial) in Japanese and white women. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between maternal mid-pregnancy serum lipid levels and neonatal birth weight in our region. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | INFANT | BIRTH WEIGHT | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | LIPIDS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | MATERNAL NUTRITION | CHOLESTEROL | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | BODY WEIGHT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Nutrition | Health | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects Document Number: 341469 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Both a combined oral contraceptive and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate impair endothelial function in young women. Author: Lizarelli PM; Martins WP; Vieira CS; Soares GM; Franceschini SA; Ferriani RA; Patta MC Source: Contraception. 2009 Jan;79(1):35-40. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to determine whether the use of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) interferes with endothelial function. STUDY DESIGN: The study was conducted on 100 women between the ages of 18 and 30 years. Fifty women had not used hormonal contraception (control group) for at least 12 months, 25 were current users of a COC (ethinylestradiol 30 mcg+levonorgestrel 150 mcg) and 25 were current users of DMPA (150 mg) for at least a 6-month period. All women were evaluated for brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility and stiffness index, arterial pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, heart rate and lipid profile. RESULTS: A significant difference in FMD was observed between the COC and control groups (6.4+/-2.2% vs. 8.7+/-3.4%, p<.01) and between the DMPA and control groups (6.2+/-2.1% vs. 8.7+/-3.4%, p<.01). The DMPA group had lower values of total cholesterol (TC) and low-densitylipoprotein (LDL-C) than COC users and the control group (TC: DMPA=139.9+/-21.5 mg/dL vs. controls=167.1+/-29.2 mg/dL vs. COC=168.2+/-37.5, p=.001; LDL-C: DMPA=85.3+/-20.1 mg/dL vs. controls=102+/-24.5 mg/dL vs. COC=106.7+/-33.3 mg/dL, p=.01). The control group had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) than the DMPA and COC groups (controls=52.4+/-14.1 mg/dL vs. DMPA=42.2+/-7.2 mg/dL vs. COC=45.4+/-9.1 mg/dL, p=.001). No significant differences were observed regarding the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: FMD was lower among COC and DMPA users, suggesting that these hormonal contraceptives may promote endothelial dysfunction. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | EVALUATION INDEXES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | DEPO-PROVERA | SIDE EFFECTS | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | CHOLESTEROL | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | BLOOD PRESSURE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Drugs | Hemic System Document Number: 330537 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Effects of two combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol 30 mug combined with either gestodene or drospirenone on hemostatic parameters, lipid profiles and blood pressure. Author: Yildizhan R; Yildizhan B; Adali E; Yoruk P; Birol F Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jan 6;:[7] p. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of ethinyl estradiol 0.03 mg/gestodene 0.075 mg (EE/GSD) with ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg/drospirenone 3 mg (EE/DRSP) administered according to conventional 21/7 regimen on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid metabolism and hemostatic parameters. METHOD: In this study, 160 healthy women were randomized to EE/GSD mg or EE/DRSP for 12 months. Mean differences in BMI, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) levels and BP compared to baseline were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-five (89%) of the women completed all 12 treatment cycles. The subjects randomly assigned into two treatment groups. Group EE/GSD (n = 71) and group EE/DRSP (n = 72). In group B, BMI values were significantly lower than baseline at the sixth cycle. DRSP/EE had more favorable effects on BP than GSD/EE with the mean systolic and diastolic BPs remaining lower in the DRSP/EE group. The difference between the two preparations was not statistically significant at the end of the study. TC levels remained similar in both groups throughout the study period. In both groups LDL-C levels decreased, triglyceride and HDL-C levels significantly increased from baseline levels. These changes result in increasing HDL-C/LDL-C ratio, demonstrating anti-atherogenic effect. Menstrual cycle patterns and the incidence of adverse events were similar between groups. The duration of withdrawal bleeding decreased during the study for both groups and was similar. CONCLUSION: The EE/DRSP regimen provides good cycle control with reliable contraceptive efficacy and low incidence of adverse events. Compared with the EE/GSD preparation, the EE/DRSP preparation demonstrated a more favorable effect on BMI and BP with the mean BMI and mean BP remaining lower than baseline mean. The new formulation may be especially beneficial for women susceptible to body weight gain and rise in BP. Language: English Keywords: GERMANY | RESEARCH REPORT | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | CHOLESTEROL | GESTODENE | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | BODY WEIGHT | Europe, Central | Europe | Developed Countries | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Safety | Public Health Document Number: 329673 |
| 6. Title: Coronin-1A epigenomics governs mycobacterial persistence in tuberculosis. Author: Kaul D Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2008 Jan;278(1):10-4. Abstract: The lack of innovative therapies and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens emphasize the urgency of finding new approaches to fighting intracellular pathogens in general and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in particular, especially given the fact that tuberculosis is widely recognized as a major health problem worldwide. This review describes how host phagocytic cellular Coronin-1A gene epigenomics can be used to understand the subversive strategy adopted by M. tuberculosis to avoid encounter with the harsh environment within the phagocytic vacuole, and how it may provide a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | TECHNICAL REPORT | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | TUBERCULOSIS | TREATMENT | IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS | CYTOLOGIC EFFECTS | GENETICS | CHOLESTEROL | PROTEINS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Lipids Document Number: 325767 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence of dyslipidemia and dysglycaemia in HIV infected patients. Author: Manuthu EM; Lule GN; Karari E Source: East African Medical Journal. 2008 Jan;85(1):10-17. Abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced AIDS morbidity and mortality; however long-term metabolic consequences including dysglycaemia and dyslipidemia have raised concern regarding accelerated cardiovascular disease risk. Objective: To determine the period prevalence of dyslipidemia and dysglycaemia in HIV-infected patients. Design: Cross-sectional comparative group study. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital, a tertiary HIV dedicated out-patient facility. Subjects: Consecutive HIV- positive adult patients. Main outcome measures: Dyslipidemia: presence of raised total or LDL cholesterol or low HDL cholesterol, or raised triglycerides. Dysglycaemia: presence of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. Results: Between January and April 2006, out of 342 screened patients, 295 were recruited and 58% were females. One hundred and thirty four (45%) were on HAART, 82% of whom were on stavudine, lamivudine and either nevirapine or efavirenz. Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 63.1% and dysglycaemia was 20.7%. High total cholesterol occurred in 39.2% of HAART and 10.0% HAART naive patients (p<0.0001, OR 5.18, CI 3.11-10.86), whereas high LDL cholesterol occurred in 40.8% and in 11.2% respectively (p<0.0001, OR 5.43, CI 2.973-9.917). HDL levels were low in 14.6% and 51.3% among HAART and HAART naive patients, respectively, (p<0.0001, OR 0.16, CI 0.091-0.29) while high triglycerides occurred in 25.6% and 22.5% respectively (p=0.541 OR 1.184 C1 0.688-2.037). Among patients on HAART compared to HAART naive patients, diabetes was found in 1.5% against 1.2% (p=0.85), impaired fasting in 2.2% against 0.6% (p=0.30) and impaired glucose tolerance in 16.4% against 21.1% (p=0.221, respectively. Conclusions: HIV-infected patients demonstrated a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. HAART use was associated with high levels of total, and LDL cholesterol and high triglyceride levels, an established athrogenic lipid profile. However, HAART was not associated with low HDL cholesterol and had no significant effect on dysglycaemia. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | SIDE EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | DIABETES | PREVALENCE | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Lipids | Measurement | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects Document Number: 326585 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Selected metabolic parameters and the risk for uterine fibroids. Author: Sadlonova J; Kostal M; Smahelova A; Hendl J; Starkova J Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Jul;102(1):50-54. Abstract: Objective: To analyze the possible association between insulin resistance and dyslipidemia with uterine fibroids, using objective metabolic measurements. Method: A cross-sectional study of 56 women with uterine fibroids (case group) and 20 women without fibroids (control group). Levels of fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, sex hormone-binding globulin, and the lipid panel were measured. The short insulin tolerance test was performed. Body mass index, atherogenic index, and the indicator of insulin resistance (Kitt) were also calculated. Results: Women with fibroids had significantly higher levels of serum HDL-cholesterol compared with control patients (1.8 +or- 0.3 vs 1.6 +or- 0.5; P<0.05). Women with fibroids aged 30-45 years had significantly lower LDL-cholesterol levels than comparative control patients (2.9 +or- 0.7 vs 3.4 +or- 0.9; P<0.05). A positive correlation between volume of the largest fibroid and serum HDL-cholesterol level was found in women aged 30-45 years. There were no differences in indicators of insulin resistance between the groups. Conclusion: Insulin resistance was not shown to be a risk factor for fibroids. There is a negative association between some parameters of metabolic syndrome and fibroid volume. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CZECH REPUBLIC | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | FIBROIDS | RISK FACTORS | DRUG RESISTANCE | CHOLESTEROL | METABOLIC EFFECTS | UTERINE EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Neoplasms, Benign | Neoplasms | Diseases | Biology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Lipids | Physiology | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System Document Number: 327329 |
9.  Title: Antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia. Author: Adiga U; D'souza V; Kamath A; Mangalore N Source: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2007 Oct;70(10):435-438. Abstract: Epidemiologic studies demonstrate a relation between preeclampsia and an increased risk of future maternal coronary heart disease. The pathophysiology of the underlying mechanism is unknown. Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism may contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defense enhances free radical-mediated membrane lipid peroxidation and possibly vascular endothelial damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible relation between lipidemic status, lipid peroxidation and albumin with total antioxidant activity (AOA) that may contribute to atherogenicity in preeclamptic women. Twenty-five women with preeclampsia and 25 normal pregnant women who were matched for maternal and gestational age were selected for the study. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), atherogenic index (AI), malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, AOA and albumin levels were measured. MDA, TC and AI were significantly elevated(p less than 0.001), and HDL-C, AOA and albumin levels were significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) in preeclamptic patients compared to the control group. We conclude that hypercholesterolemia leads to excessive lipid peroxidation. Coexistent diminution in antioxidant activity leads to an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and elevated AI may contribute to atherogenicity in preeclampsia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREECLAMPSIA | HEART DISEASES | CHOLESTEROL | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Lipids | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 326190 |
| 10. Title: Evaluation of serum lipid profile of under-five Nigerian children. Author: Akuyam SA; Isah HS; Ogala WN Source: Annals of African Medicine. 2007;6(3):119-123. Abstract: Serum lipid profile assay forms one of the special investigations in most chemical pathology laboratories worldwide. Several studies in children from different countries have shown that serum lipids exhibit age and geographical pattern of variation prior to puberty. This study was conducted to evaluate serum lipid profile in Nigerian children aged 6 to 36 months. A total of 115 randomly selected apparently healthy children were studied. These consisted of 38, 40 and 37 children in groups I (6 to 12 months), II (13 to 24 months) and III (25 to 36 months) respectively. There were 60 male and 55 female children. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) were measured by enzymatic colorimetric method using reagent kits supplied by Human, Gesel Für Biochemica Und Diagnostica mbH (Wiesbaden, Germany). Serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were subsequently estimated using Friedewald formula. The reference ranges and (Mean +or- SEM) of serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, VLDL-C and TC/HDL-C for the total group of children were 1.55-5.42 (2.89+or-0.12), 0.50-3.29 (1.28 +or- 0.15), 0.45- 2.77 (1.12 +or- 0.14), 0.93-3.43 (0.79 +or- 0.14), 0.17-0.72 (0.35 +or- 0.14) mmol/L and 1.01-4.74 (2.19 +or- 0.13) respectively. There were no sex differences in all these parameters. Serum levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TC/HDL-C in the 3 age groups were also statistically similar (p>0.05). Concentrations of TG and VLDL-C were lower (p<0.001) in group II than in I. These values were also significantly lower (p<0.02) in group III than in I. Serum TG and VLDL-C in groups II and III were statistically comparable (p>0.05). Serum concentrations of TC, TG and VLDL-C decrease with advancing age, with more marked decrease between first and second years of life. We hereby recommend that the reference values established in this study be utilized for the interpretation of serum lipid results in pre-school children in Nigerian hospitals and possibly elsewhere in Africa. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | CHILDREN | BLOOD | TESTING | LIPIDS | CHOLESTEROL | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | AGE FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Measurement | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 320303 |
| 11. Title: Health check-up program for pre / postmenopausal women at Siriraj Menopause Clinic. Author: Angsuwathana S; Leerasiri P; Rattanachaiyanont M; Tanmahasamut P; Dangrat C Source: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2007 Jan;90(1):1-8. Abstract: The objective was to determine the general health status of pre/postmenopausal women attending the menopause clinic. Study design: Retrospective descriptive study. Setting: Siriraj Menopause Clinic, Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. Study population: Pre/postmenopausal women (i) presumed to have no medical disease (no disease group) or (ii) with unknown status of medical disease (no record group) and undergoing health check-up program at the time of registration without prior hormone therapy. Medical records of new patients registering at the menopause clinic from January 1999 to December 2005 were reviewed. Among 1,020 patients undergoing health check-up program, there were 366 patients in the no disease group. They had abnormal health parameters listing by frequency of prevalence including hypercholesterolemia (62.3%), suboptimal blood pressure (49.3%), overweight to obese (30.2%), suboptimal fasting blood sugar (27.9%), hypertriglyceridemia (21.3%), abnormal liver function tests (5.4-6.9%), and abnormal kidney function tests (0.5%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was statistically higher in the no record group compared to the no disease group; such abnormal parameters included hypercholesterolemia (= 200 ml/dL), high blood level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C = 130 mg/dL), and high ratio between LDL-C and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio >3). Osteoporosis was found in 6.6% of the patients. Abnormal mammographic findings that needed close follow-up or breast biopsy were found in 13.5%. Twelve patients had breast biopsy and none had breast cancer. Abnormal health parameters are common in pre/postmenopausal women presumed to have no medical disease. The similar or even worse findings are also found in those whose status of medical diseases was unknown. Therefore, a routine health screening program, especially for metabolic diseases, should be offered to pre/postmenopausal women regardless of their medical history. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MENOPAUSE | HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY | PREVALENCE | OBESITY | CHOLESTEROL | HYPOTENSION | DIABETES | OSTEOPOROSIS | BREAST CANCER | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Reproduction | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Measurement | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Lipids | Vascular Diseases | Diseases | Skeletal Effects | Cancer | Neoplasms Document Number: 313151 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Pre-eclampsia and lipid profile. Author: Aziz R; Mahboob T Source: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2007 Oct-Dec;23(5):751-754. Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of lipid profile alteration in the development of Pre-eclampsia. We selected 32 pregnant women, 16 healthy pregnant women (mean age 25.56+or-3.68) as normal and 16 already diagnosed preeclamptic women (mean age 24.65+or-4.25) as study group. Serum lipid profile (total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) of thirty two women with Pre-eclampsia (n=16), normotensive women (n=16) were monitored. The serum triglyceride concentrations increased significantly (232.18+or-106.41 vs. 113.12 +or-21.3, P<0.01) while Serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly (39.75+or-11.99 vs. 51.18+or-06.09, P<0.01) in preeclamptic group as compared to normal pregnant women. Lipid metabolism plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Pre-eclampsia. Increased triglycerides levels along with decreased HDL-cholesterol levels and delayed triglycerides clearance and high blood pressure are associated with development of preeclampsia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHOLESTEROL | PREECLAMPSIA | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases Document Number: 323569 |
| 13. Title: Cord blood lipid profile and associated factors: Baseline data of a birth cohort study. Author: Kelishadi R; Badiee Z; Adeli K Source: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2007 Nov;21(6):518-524. Abstract: The cord blood lipid profile may be associated with lifelong changes in the metabolic functions of the individual. The aim of the present study was for the first time in Iran to assess the cord blood lipid profile of neonates, as well as some of its environmental influencing factors. The subjects were 442 (218 boys and 224 girls) normal vaginal delivery newborns. Overall, 14.4% of neonates were preterm and the rest were fullterm. In total, 9.2% (n = 35) of the full-term newborns were small-for-gestational-age (SGA), of which 16 had a ponderal index (PI) below the 10th percentile (SGA I) and 19 had a PI above the 10th percentile (SGA II), 5.5% (n = 21) were large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and the remainder were appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA).Before becoming pregnant, 6.9% of mothers were underweight, 49.3% had normal body mass index (BMI), 39.4% were overweight and 4.4% were obese. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in girls were significantly higher than in boys (80.3 +or- 33.3 and 31.1 +or- 9.9 vs. 73.3 +or- 23.1 and 28.8 +or- 8.7 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.05). The mean apolipoprotein A (apoA) of neonates with underweight mothers was significantly lower, and the mean apoB level of those with overweight mothers was significantly higher than other neonates. The mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C and apoA of the LGA newborns were significantly lower, and their apoB was significantly higher compared with AGA and SGA neonates. The SGA I neonates had significantly lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and apoA, as well as higher triglycerides, lipoprotein a and apoB than the SGA II group. The mean cord blood triglycerides of full-term neonates was significantly higher than preterm neonates (69.4 +or- 11.9 vs. 61.4 +or- 12.7 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.04). A preconception maternal BMI of >/= 25 kg/m2 correlated significantly with the cord triglycerides (OR = 1.3, [95% CI 1.07, 1.5]) and with apoB (OR = 1.4, [95% CI 1.1, 1.5]). The BMI < 18 of mothers before pregnancy correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 1.3, [95% CI 1.04, 1.7]). Birthweight correlated with high cord triglyceride level (SGA: OR = 1.4, [95% CI 1.1, 1.7]; LGA: OR = 1.6, [95% CI 1.3, 1.7] compared with AGA). These associations remained significant even after adjusting for the preconception BMI of mothers. Our findings reflect the possible interaction of environmental factors and fetal growth and the in utero lipid metabolism. Long-term longitudinal studies in different ethnicities would help to elucidate the relationship. (author's) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COHORT ANALYSIS | INFANT | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FETUS | INFANT, PREMATURE | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | BIRTH WEIGHT | GESTATIONAL AGE | Developing Countries | Middle East | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Body Weight Document Number: 321349 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Metabolic function and the prevalence of lipodystrophy in a population of HIV-infected African subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Author: Mutimura E; Stewart A; Rheeder P; Crowther NJ Source: JAIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2007 Dec 1;46(4):451-455. Abstract: This study measured the prevalence of lipodystrophy and the metabolic effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected African subjects. Prevalence was measured in 571 Rwandans receiving HAART for $6 months. Metabolic variables were measured in 100 HIV-positive adults with lipodystrophy, 50 HIV-positive nonlipodystrophic adults, and 50 HIV-negative controls. A HAART regimen of stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine was used by 81.6% of subjects; none received protease inhibitors. Lipodystrophy was observed in 34% (48.5% in urban groups and 17.3% in rural groups) of subjects, with a prevalence of 69.6% in those receiving HAART for .72 weeks. Peripheral lipoatrophy combined with abdominal lipohypertrophy was observed in 72% of lipodystrophic subjects. HIV-positive adults with lipodystrophy had a significantly higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; 0.99 +or- 0.05 vs. 0.84 +or- 0.03: P < 0.0005) than HIV-positive nonlipodystrophic adults. Total cholesterol concentrations (median [interquartile range], mmol/L) were significantly higher in the HIV-positive adults with lipodystrophy (3.60 [1.38]) than in HIV-positive nonlipodystrophic adults (3.19 [0.65]; P < 0.005) and control (3.13 [0.70]; P < 0.0005) groups. Impaired fasting glucose was observed in 18% of HIV-positive adults with lipodystrophy, 16% of HIV-positive nonlipodystrophic adults, and 2% of controls, but insulin levels did not differ. African subjects with lipodystrophy have increased WHR, glucose, and cholesterol levels. Glucose concentrations are also elevated in nonlipodystrophic HIV-positive subjects. Therefore, factors other than body fat redistribution contribute to the glucose intolerance. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RWANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HUMAN VOLUNTEERS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | PREVALENCE | BODY WEIGHT | CHOLESTEROL | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Studies | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Clinical Research | HIV | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Measurement | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects Document Number: 322160 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Comparison of two forms of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy with respect to metabolic effects. Author: Tugrul S; Yildirim G; Pekin O; Uslu H; Kutlu T Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2007 May;275(5):335-339. Abstract: The objective was to compare the metabolic effects of two frequently used continuous hormone replacement therapies. Two hundred and forty-six menopausal women, aged between 41 and 57 years were enrolled in the present study. They were randomized to receive either estrogen + 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE/MPA) or 1 mg 17 Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | MENOPAUSE | METABOLIC EFFECTS | HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY | AGE FACTORS | BODY WEIGHT | SIDE EFFECTS | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | NORETHINDRONE | CHOLESTEROL | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Physiology | Biology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Lipids Document Number: 315235 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Long-term evaluation of lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test in Norplant users. [Evaluación a largo plazo del perfil lipídico y prueba oral de tolerancia a la glucosa en usuarias de Norplant] Author: Araujo FF; de Lima GR; Guazzelli CA; Barbieri M; Vigorito NM Source: Contraception. 2006 Apr;73(4):361-363. Abstract: This study reports the results of the lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 46 normal patients tested before and after 5 years of Norplant use. After 5 years, there was a substantial decrease of 28.9% in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a similar but less pronounced fall of 7.1% in the total cholesterol levels. The Castelli 1 index did not vary, and the triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained normal and unchanged throughout the study period. All the mean values of OGTT were significantly lower after 5 years, except for the 90-min glycemia. These findings indicate that long-term Norplant use does not increase cardiovascular risks. (author's) Spanish Abstract: Este estudio informa los resultados del perfil lipídico y de la prueba oral de tolerancia a la glucosa (OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test) en 46 pacientes normales evaluadas antes y después de 5 años de uso de Norplant. Después de 5 años, se registró una disminución sustancial del 28,9% en las concentraciones de colesterol de lipoproteinas de alta densidad y una reducción similar aunque menos pronunciada del 7,1% de las concentraciones de colesterol total. El índice de Castelli 1 no varió, y las concentraciones de triglicéridos y del colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad permanecieron normales y sin cambios durante todo el período de estudio. Todos los valores medios de las pruebas orales de tolerancia de glucosa oral fueron significativamente más bajos después de 5 años, excepto por la glucemia a los 90 minutos. Estos resultados indican que el uso a largo plazo de Norplant no aumenta los riesgos cardiovasculares. (del autor) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | LEVONORGESTREL | GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST | LIPIDS | CHOLESTEROL | DIABETES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Physiology | Biology | Diseases Document Number: 298530 |
| 17. Title: Assessment of hormonal and metabolic effects of dietary fiber in young Thai women. Author: Chearskul S; Supingklud N; Nitithamyong A; Sirichakwal P Source: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2006;89(7):997-1003. Abstract: The objective was to investigate whether daily dietary fiber intake at the reference level has any impact on studied hormones in a population of Thai women. Twenty-eight healthy Thai women (aged 18-20 years, BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2) with a history of regular menstrual cycles committed themselves to prepared food without changing the usual ratio of three major macronutrients. Dietary fiber from natural source at the amount of 8-10 g/day equal to their regular consumption was added to their daily diet for one menstrual cycle, then, increased to be 25-30 g/day for another 2 successive cycles. A single blood sample on midluteal day (day 18-23) was obtained in all three cycles. Plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and insulin together with total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were analyzed. The measured hormones and lipids did not change significantly when compared between a control and two experimental cycles (p > 0.05). Short-term consumption of 25-30 g/day fiber diet as recommended by the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) in a Thai population did not alter the studied hormones and lipids thus did not create any health problems. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | WOMEN | DIET | MENSTRUAL CYCLE | HORMONES | CHOLESTEROL | LUTEINIZING HORMONE | FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE | ESTROGENS | NUTRITION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Menstruation | Reproduction | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Lipids | Gonadotropins, Pituitary | Gonadotropins Document Number: 304359 |
| 18. Title: Coconut oil - ideal fat next only to mother's milk (scanning coconut's horoscope). Author: Hegde BM Source: Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine. 2006 Jan-Mar;7(1):16-19. Abstract: Up until the 1930s every American food manufacturer used only coconut oil in food preparation. Palm oil had to be imported as little coconut grew in the US. The local farmers, after the economic depression of the 1930s, insisted that there should be no import of edible oils. Around that time, maybe a little later, after the second world war, a new disease was born - the fat theory of atherosclerosis. Many factors contributed to its success, least of all the affluence of Europe and increased food consumption there. Concurrently, there was a parallel effort at disease labelling (inventions) going on. Scientific research had better backing from the governments and there was money available for research. A new theory of "risk factors" was born. Reductionist science is blind to its own inherent lacunae of looking at bits and pieces and not the whole. We have seen the birth of evidence based medicine full of problems with its evidence base. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | HISTORICAL REVIEW | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | POLICYMAKERS | HEART DISEASES | NUTRITION | DIET | IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS | CHOLESTEROL | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Health | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Lipids Document Number: 299391 |
| 19. Title: Knowledge of dietary and behaviour-related determinants of non-communicable disease in urban Senegalese women. Author: Holdsworth M; Delpeuch F; Landais E; Gartner A; Eymard-Duvernay S Source: Public Health Nutrition. 2006 Dec;9(8):975-981. Abstract: The objective was to assess knowledge of dietary and behaviour-related determinants of non-communicable disease (NCD) of urban Senegalese women. A cross-sectional, population study using an interviewer-administered knowledge questionnaire, developed and validated for this study. The questionnaire consisted of 24 items with six scores measuring knowledge of: (1) diet- and behaviour-related causes of NCD; (2) diet quality--NCD relationship; (3) fruit and vegetable link with NCD; (4) health consequences of obesity; (5) causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD); and (6) causes of certain cancers. Subjects: A random sample of 301 women aged 20--50 years. The knowledge scores developed suggest that the health consequences of obesity (mean score of 65.4%) were best understood followed by causes of CVD (mean score of 60.6%), because obesity, smoking, high blood cholesterol and dietary fat were well recognised as risk factors for CVD. Subjects scored least for their knowledge of the protective effect of fruit and vegetables (mean score of 19.9%). Knowledge of causes of certain cancers (mean score of 36.1%) was also low. Women who worked outside the home had better knowledge for two scores but otherwise no relationship was found between knowledge and literacy, formal education or body mass index. Findings suggest reasonable overall knowledge concerning diet and behaviour with NCD, especially given the relatively new context of the obesity epidemic in Senegal. However, there was poor knowledge of the benefit of eating fruit and vegetables and other preventable causes of certain cancers. Education targeting the benefits of vegetables and fruit may have the greatest impact on NCD prevention. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SENEGAL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | URBAN POPULATION | KNOWLEDGE | DIET | OBESITY | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | CANCER | CHOLESTEROL | TOBACCO USE | OCCUPATIONAL STATUS | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Nutrition | Health | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Neoplasms | Diseases | Lipids | Behavior | Employment Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 309551 |
| 20. Title: Association of obesity and insulin resistance with dyslipidemia in Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Author: Kalra A; Nair S; Rai L Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2006 Nov;60(11):447-453. Abstract: Dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity are all potent cardiovascular risk factors that tend to cluster in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metabolic disorders in patients with PCOS cannot be explained solely by the presence of obesity. The objective was to study the correlation between insulin resistance and serum lipid profile in Indian women with PCOS. Setting: Gynecology clinic of a tertiary care hospital. In this prospective study done from April 2004 to December 2004, 65 women with PCOS had their body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio calculated. Fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were also estimated in each case. Insulin resistance was defined by fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio = 4.5. The association of obesity markers and insulin resistance with lipid parameters was then studied. Statistical analysis using student 't' and Mann Whitney U tests was done as indicated. Insulin resistance was seen in 50 of the 65 PCOS women. There was no correlation seen between markers of obesity such as BMI and waist/hip ratio with various lipid parameters. But in PCOS women with insulin resistance, the lipid profile was significantly different [high triglycerides, total cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] compared to insulin-sensitive women. The difference between the two groups for total cholesterol (P = 0.002), triglycerides (P = < 0.001) and HDL (P = < 0.001) was statistically significant but that for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.07) was not statistically significant. Insulin resistance is associated with dyslipidemia in women with PCOS, independent of obesity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | OBESITY | OVARIAN CYSTS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | DIABETES | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | ANTHROPOMETRY | CHOLESTEROL | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Lipids | Measurement Document Number: 309726 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on glucose and lipid metabolism: a 1-year follow-up study. Author: Kayikcioglu F; Gunes M; Ozdegirmenci O; Haberal A Source: Contraception. 2006 May;73(5):528-531. Abstract: This prospective study aimed to assess the possible effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on serum lipids and fasting blood glucose levels over a period of 1 year. Forty-eight premenopausal women, attending our gynecology clinic with the complaint of menorrhagia, were enrolled in the study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were tested before (pretreatment group) and 1 year later following insertion (on-treatment group). Baseline mean parameters were compared with mean parameters at 1 year for statistical significance using paired samples t-test. Thirty-three (68.75%) women were eligible for control in the on-treatment group. Mean age of the patients was 44.34 ± 7.59 years. The study results showed that mean FPG level was significantly increased, whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased. Although mean systolic blood pressure tended to decrease and HDL-C concentrations to increase, these changes from baseline levels were insignificant. There were no significant changes in mean TG, TC, VLDL, LDL, AST and ALT. The only significant unfavorable effect observed was an increase in FPG level. Since it did not rise to risky values, but alerted us for the high risk patients for glucose intolerance before insertion. The LNG-IUS can be regarded as being safe in their effects on lipid metabolism, blood pressure and liver function tests. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | LEVONORGESTREL | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | BLOOD PRESSURE | CHOLESTEROL | HEPATIC EFFECTS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Lipids Document Number: 299443 |
| 22. Title: Paradigm shift. Author: Nicoletti A Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2006 Aug;19(4):317-318. Abstract: Nellie is a 14-year-old nulliparous teen who wants help with her periods, which are irregular and infrequent. Her last period was 6 months ago. She is thick around her trunk and has a body mass index of 30. Oligomenorrhea is a fairly common reason for initiating gynecological care among adolescents. They are concerned with their fertility and femininity. In the past, this group of signs and symptoms may have been attributed to normal pubertal events. More recently, however, this presentation has become recognized as possibly the heralding symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCO Sis the most common endocrinopathy in adult women, and is emerging as a common cause of menstrual disturbances in adolescents. The paradigm shift in to regard the oligomenorrhea frequently seen in teens as possibly more ominous than previously considered. Nellie's physical examination reveals some evidence of virilization (acne on her back and coarse chin hair barely visible because she shaves it). There is a velvety hyperpigmentation at the back of her neck, which she has been attributing to a reaction to certain jewelry, but it is in fact acanthosis nigrans, a manifestation of insulin resistance. Irregular periods, evidence of hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of PCOS and evidence is accumulating that PCOS often is associated with the subsequent development of dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | CASE STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | DYSMENORRHEA | OVARIAN CYSTS | SCREENING | LIFE STYLE | BODY WEIGHT | TREATMENT | CHOLESTEROL | DRUGS | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Physiology | Biology | Lipids Document Number: 306257 |
| 23. Title: Monitoring the toxicity of antiretroviral therapy in resource limited settings: a prospective clinical trial cohort in Thailand. Author: Nuesch R; Srasuebkul P; Ananworanich J; Ruxrungtham K; Phanuphak P Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2006 Sep;58(3):637-644. Abstract: One of the many challenges which come together with the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in settings with limited resources is the monitoring of toxicity. This monitoring increases costs of ART and strains resources. We therefore investigated the necessity for laboratory toxicity monitoring of ART in Thailand. A prospective Thai cohort of 417 HIV-infected patients were enrolled in randomized clinical trials investigating ART. Time-dependent occurrence of grade III/IV abnormal laboratory values as defined by the AIDS Clinical Trial Group was analysed. During a median observation period of 3.7 years (2.4-4.3) 142 grade III/IV toxicities occurred in 101 (24.2%) patients. Hepatic toxicity (n = 33, 7.9%), hypercholesterolaemia (n = 57, 13.7%), hypertriglyceridaemia (n = 26, 6.2%), anaemia (n = 16, 3.8%) and low platelet counts (n = 8, 1.9%) were frequently observed. Anaemia and low platelets occurred early and during the first 2 years of ART. Hepatic toxicity was seen early and throughout the observation period. Hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia occurred throughout the observation period, and increased over time. Hypercreatininaemia and hyperglycaemia occurred once after 120 and 132 weeks. ART was changed or interrupted for grade III/IV hepatic toxicity, anaemia and hyperglycaemia only. The incidence rate for grade III/IV toxicity was between 5.56 (95% CI, 6.76-18.02) for low platelet counts and 41.18 (31.77- 53.39) per 1000 patient years for hypercholesterolaemia. Antiretrovirals used were zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, didanosine, efavirenz, saquinavir, ritonavir and indinavir. Grade III/IV toxicity is frequently observed in Thai patients treated with ART. The simple and inexpensive monitoring of ALT and haemoglobin could prevent most serious short-term toxicity. Long-term toxicity can be addressed with a yearly monitoring of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and creatinine if nephrotoxic drugs are used. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | TOXICITY | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | MONITORING | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | HEPATIC EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | ANEMIA | PREVALENCE | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Studies | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | HIV | Evaluation | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Lipids | Measurement | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects Document Number: 310342 |
| 24. Title: Lipid profile of postmenopausal women in Calabar, Nigeria. Author: Usoro CA; Adikwuru CC; Usoro IN; Nsonwu AC Source: Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2006;5(1):79-82. Abstract: The study aimed to determine the influence of menopause on lipid profile in women. The serum lipid profile consisting of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and atherogenic index (TC/HDL-C ratio) of 51 postmenopausal women and 43 premenopausal women were estimated colorimetrically using the enzymatic method. The subjects were arranged in two different age ranges of 25-45 years and above 45 years of age. The premenopausal and postmenopausal women were recruited and classified using a comprehensive questionnaire. The total cholesterol, LDL-C and atherogenic index of post menopausal women and women above 45 years of age were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and HDL-C lower than those of the premenopausal women and women between 25-45 years of age. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in both TG and VLDL-C levels in both the postmenopausal and premenopausal women and also in women in the specified age ranges of 25-45 years and above 45 years. There is therefore evidence of a protective effect of endogenous estrogen against arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease, as evidenced by increased HDL-C levels and reduced LDL-C and atherogenic index of the premenopausal women. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | WOMEN | MIDDLE AGED ADULTS | MENSTRUAL CYCLE | POSTMENSTRUATION | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | MENOPAUSE | RISK FACTORS | HEART DISEASES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Factors | Population | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Menstruation | Reproduction | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Diseases Document Number: 294611 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Evaluation of lipid profile in adolescents during long-term use of combined oral hormonal contraceptives. [Evaluación del perfil lipídico en adolescentes durante el uso a largo plazo de anticonceptivos hormonales orales] Author: Guazzelli CA; Lindsey PC; de Araújo FF; Barbieri M; Petta CA Source: Contraception. 2005;71:118-121. Abstract: The study evaluated the effects of the long-term use of a combined oral hormonal contraceptive containing 30 µg ethinyl estradiol and 75 µg gestodene in adolescents. Thirty-three volunteers, aged from 14 to 19 years, who used the oral contraceptive for three consecutive years, were studied. Evaluation of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides was made before use and after 1, 2 and 3 years. During the 3-year study period, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride levels were significantly higher than previous measurements, but average values did not exceed the normal range. Compared to the first year, the second- and third-year cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride levels were not significantly different. (author's) Spanish Abstract: El estudio evaluó los efectos del uso a largo plazo de anticonceptivos hormonales orales combinados con contenido de 30 µg de etinil-estradiol y 75 µg de gestodeno. Se estudiaron treinta y tres voluntarias de 14 a 19 años que emplearon el anticonceptivo oral durante tres años consecutivos. Previo a la administración, al año, a los dos y a los tres años se evaluaron colesterol total, colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) y triglicéridos. Durante el período del estudio de 3 años, los niveles de colesterol total, colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad, colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad y triglicéridos fueron significativamente superiores a las mediciones previas, pero los valores promedio no superaron el rango normal. Los niveles de colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C y triglicéridos para el segundo y tercer años no difirieron significativamente de los valores registrados en el primer año. (del autor) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | GESTODENE | LONGTERM EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | LIPIDS | RISK FACTORS | HEALTH | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Time Factors | Population Dynamics | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 281343 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Effects of two combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol 20 micrograms combined with either drospirenone or desogestrel on lipids, hemostatic parameters and carbohydrate metabolism. Author: Klipping C; Marr J Source: Contraception. 2005;71:409-416. Abstract: Objective: To compare the effect of ethinyl estradiol 20 æg/drospirenone 3 mg (EE 20 µg/DRSP 3 mg) administered according to a 24/4 regimen with ethinyl estradiol 20 µg/desogestrel 150 µg (EE 20 µg/DSG 150 (g) administered according to the conventional 21/7 regimen on lipid, carbohydrate and hemostatic parameters. Study Design: In this open-label study, healthy women were randomized to EE 20 µg/DRSP 3 mg or EE 20 µg/DSG 150 µg for seven cycles. Mean differences in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels at cycle 7 compared to baseline were assessed. Secondary variables included changes in other lipid, hemostatic and carbohydrate parameters. Results: Both treatments increased HDL-cholesterol, but decreased LDL-cholesterol by a comparable extent. Although slightly elevated in both groups, blood glucose and C-peptide levels measured during oral glucose tolerance tests were within normal reference ranges at cycle 7. Overall, the differences in lipid, hemostatic or carbohydrate parameters were not significant between the two treatments. Conclusion: EE 20 µg/DRSP 3 mg has a good safety profile comparable with EE 20 µg/DSG 150 µg. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | DESOGESTREL | CARBOHYDRATE METABOLIC EFFECTS | CHOLESTEROL | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Drugs | Treatment | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Metabolic Effects Document Number: 286720 |
| 27. Title: Dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected Thai children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Author: Lapphra K; Vanprapar N; Phongsamart W; Chearskul P; Chokephaibulkit K Source: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2005;88(7):956-966. Abstract: Previous cross sectional studies revealed that dyslipidemia occurs in 50-70% of children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, there is no information in children in developing countries where children may have a different nutritional status. The objective was to evaluate the incidence and associated risk factors of dyslipidemia following HAART in HIV infected Thai children. The occurrence of clinical lipodystrophy among these children was also evaluated. Twenty-three HIV-infected children who initiated HAART from “Access to Care Program” sponsored by MOPH around October 2001. Non-fasting blood tests for lipid profile were performed at enrollment and every 6 months. Triglyceride level was not analysed due to a non-fasting condition. The assessment of clinical lipodystrophy was done every 1-2 months. As of October 2003, 19 (83%) children experienced dyslipidemia. There were 10, 13, 5, and 8 children who had dyslipidemia at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of HAART. The mean total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) tended to increase over time while the children were on HAART. There was a correlation of elevated total cholesterol and CD4 percentage gain particularly at 18-24 months of treatment (r = 0.596, p = 0.007). Two children developed peripheral lipoatrophy. There were no dyslipidemia-associated risk factors identified. Most of the children had transient abnormal lipid profile. There were only 3 children that had persistent abnormality throughout the 24 months of HAART. Dyslipidemia was found from 6-12 months of HAART, and were mostly transient over time. Peripheral lipoatrophy were found in 2 children. Further follow-up will elucidate the long-term incidence, the association factors, and clinical consequences. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CHILD | TESTING | CHOLESTEROL | IMMUNITY, CELLULAR | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | RISK FACTORS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Immunity | Immune System | HIV Document Number: 289305 |
| 28. Title: Effects of prolonged use of injectable hormonal contraceptive on serum lipid profile. Author: Mia AR; Siddiqui NI; Islam MN; Khan MR; Shampa SS Source: Mymensingh Medical Journal. 2005 Jan;14(1):19-21. Abstract: The current study was carried out to determine serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in human female volunteers taking injectable hormonal contraceptives. For this purpose, 200 (two hundred) subjects with age range of 20-35 years were selected. Out of them, 140 (one hundred and forty) were experimental subjects and 60 (sixty) were control. Women without hormonal contraceptive were selected as the subjects of control group. The experimental subjects were taking injectable hormonal contraceptive, DMPA (depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate) for 3-5 years uninterruptedly. The mean serum total cholesterol and mean serum triacylglycerol levels of the DMPA users were significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) elevated in comparison to that of the non-users. The mean serum HDL-cholesterol was decreased in subjects using DMPA in comparison to that of the control group. But the decrease was not significant (P>0.05). The mean serum LDL-cholesterol level of the subjects of DMPA users was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in comparison to that of the control. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, FEMALE | INJECTABLES | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | CHOLESTEROL | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Lipids | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 291896 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Risk factor profile and the occurrence of microvascular complications in short term type 2 diabetes mellitus at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. Author: Mwendwa FM; Otieno CF; Kayima JK; Amayo EO; Otieno PO Source: East African Medical Journal. 2005 Dec;82(12 Suppl):S163-S172. Abstract: Type 2 diabetes has a long pre-clinical period before diagnosis, during which there may be development of complications, both of microvascular and macrovascular types. The objective was to determine the risk factor profile of hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in patients with short-term (=/< 2 years) type 2 diabetes. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study over six months. Setting: Outpatient diabetic clinic of Kenyatta National Hospital. Subjects: Ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes. One hundred patients were included. The mean (SD) duration of diabetes was 10.3 (7.5) months. There were 66% of the study subjects with obesity, 50% with hypertension, 29% had ideal glucose control and less than 40% had high LdL-cholesterol. Twenty eight (28%) who had polyneuropathy had significant differences in their older age, higher total and LDL-cholesterol compared with those who did not have polyneuropathy. Twenty five (25%) of the study patients had micro-albuminuria and only 1 % had macro-albuminuria. There were no significant differences in the selected characteristics between study patients with and those without albuminuria. Only 7% of the study patients had retinopathy on direct ophthalmoscopy. Microvascular complications occurred in patients with type 2 diabetes of short duration of not more than two years. The risk factors of hypertension, poor glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and cigarette smoking were present in a fair proportion of the study patients. Patients with type 2 diabetes should be actively screened for complications and the risk factors thereof, even if the diabetes was of recent onset. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | TARGET POPULATION | RISK FACTORS | VASCULAR DISEASES | DIABETES | COMPLICATIONS | HYPERTENSION | EYESIGHT | OBESITY | CHOLESTEROL | NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Biology | Diseases | Physiology | Body Weight | Lipids Document Number: 294952 |
| 30. Title: Effects of low dose oral contraceptives on serum total cholesterol, TAG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in contraceptive users. Author: Nessa A; Latif SA; Uddin M Source: Mymensingh Medical Journal. 2005 Jan;14(1):26-28. Abstract: This study was done to appraise the effects of low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) containing synthetic estrogen ethinyl estradiol and synthetic progestin levonorgestrel on serum total cholesterol, TAG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels. Ninety young women within reproductive age group were picked for this study. Sixty women using low-dose oral contraceptives served a experimental group and thirty age matched hormonal contraceptive non-users were selected for control group. Experimental group was again subdivided into OCP users for, last one-year group, three-year groups and five-year group. The results showed that there were no significant differences on most of the study parameters between users and non-users women. But there was a significant accession of serum triacylglycerol only in OCP user groups. The results hint that low-dose oral contraceptives regimens partly impaired the lipid metabolism. So, the safeness of low-dose OCP used in National Population Control Program is further inspired. The value of studied parameters for serial longer continuation of OCP uses need to be renegotiated. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, LOW-DOSE | CHOLESTEROL | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Lipids | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 291987 |
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