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Title: Integrating multiple gender strategies to improve HIV and AIDS interventions: a compendium of programs in Africa.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. AIDS Support and Technical Resources [AIDSTAR-One]
Source: Washington, D.C., International Center for Research on Women [ICRW], 2009 May. [220] p. (USAID Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00059-00)
Abstract: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) AIDSTAR-One project created this compendium of selected HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa that integrate multiple gender strategies. Featured programs address at least two of the following gender strategies: 1) reducing violence and sexual coercion; 2) addressing male norms and behaviors; 3) increasing women's legal protection; and 4) increasing women's access to income and productive resources. The compendium describes each of the 31 selected programs, and synthesizes trends and findings to provide initial insights on using multiple gender strategies in HIV programming, including how strategies are employed together, where gaps exist, and what lessons and experiences are common across programs. Though not meant to be exhaustive, the compendium represents the depth and breadth of current HIV programming that includes multiple gender strategies. Overall, we found that many innovative programs exist in sub-Saharan Africa and that implementers are successfully integrating multiple gender approaches into HIV programs. Program implementers report numerous benefits of combining gender strategies, including ensuring project salience and relevance, extending project reach, and reflecting the multiple, interrelated needs of beneficiaries. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | HIV PREVENTION | INCOME GENERATION PROGRAMS | TREATMENT | CARE AND SUPPORT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | GENDER ISSUES | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | PROGRAM DESIGN | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | POLICY | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Political Factors
Document Number: 331479

Title: Promoting health and equity: Evidence, policy and action: Cases from the Western Pacific Region.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Source: Manila, Philippines, WHO, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2009 Mar. [173] p.
Abstract: Recent years have seen a growth in the evidence base on policies and actions to promote health equity. Despite efforts, however, the evidence shows that inequalities are increasing rather than decreasing in many countries. This may partly be due to faulty policy decisions. There is clearly need for a better evidence-based approach on health policies to achieve equity. At the same time, understanding is inadequate on how policy-makers can best make use of the growing evidence base on promoting equity in health. There is a need for stronger links between evidence and health policy-making and implementation. To respond in part to this need, the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office convened the High Level Meeting on Promoting Health Equity: Evidence, Policy and Action from 16-18 October 2007 in Phnom Penh, hosted by the Royal Government of Cambodia, to provide an opportunity to exchange experiences and identify ways to promote the more systematic use of equity research in health policy and action. Health ministers and other stake holders engaged in the evidence-to-policy process were invited to submit case studies that illustrate the process. This book compiles the nine cases presented at the meeting. An introductory chapter comprises a synthesis of the cases and the lessons learned from them.
Language: English
Keywords:
CAMBODIA | CHINA | VIETNAM | NEW ZEALAND | MALAYSIA | MONGOLIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | TREATMENT | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | TUBERCULOSIS | CAPACITY BUILDING | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Asia, Eastern | Oceania | Developed Countries | Asia, Northern | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Infections | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 331453

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Term extrauterine pregnancy in a Nigerian mother: a complication of uterine dehiscence.
Author: Adesiyun AG; Audu AI
Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jan;279(1):75-7.
Abstract: Abdominal pregnancy is an uncommon but life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy. It is associated with high maternal/fetal morbidity and mortality. We present a rare case of term abdominal pregnancy resulting from anterior uterine wall dehiscence, in a 36-year-old woman with three previous caesarean sections. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy for the fourth "caesarean section".
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy, Ectopic | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 341008

Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Ghana.
Author: Akitobi E; Leahy E; Nerquaye-Tetteh J
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 30 p.
Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Ghana. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331428

Peer Reviewed

Title: Socioeconomic and environmental factors important for acquiring non-severe malaria in children in Yemen: a case-control study.
Author: Al-Taiar A; Assabri A; Al-Habori M; Azazy A; Algabri A; Alganadi M; Whitty CJ; Jaffar S
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Jan;103(1):72-8.
Abstract: Little is known about the relative importance of environmental and socioeconomic factors for acquiring malaria in Yemen. A case-control study was conducted to determine the importance of these factors for acquiring malaria among children in Yemen. Cases of non-severe malaria were recruited from health centres; community controls were from the neighbourhood of the cases. Data were collected by personal interview and direct inspection during home visits. In total, 320 cases and 308 controls were recruited. In the multivariate analysis, environmental factors (living near streams and freshwater marshes), earth roofs of houses and history of travel were all significantly and positively associated with the occurrence of malaria, whilst regular spraying with insecticides at home was a protective factor. There was no association with socioeconomic factors, including crowding, education and occupation of parents, and ownership of house assets. An index created based on a number of indicators of wealth showed a significant association with malaria in the univariate analysis but was not significant in the multivariate analysis. Control activities can be targeted on identifiable environmental factors such as stream and freshwater marshes, although this needs further investigation. Extra protective measures may be needed by all those who travel in Yemen.
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CHILDREN | MALARIA | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Health
Document Number: 330835

Peer Reviewed

Title: Hormonal contraception, sickle cell trait, and risk for venous thromboembolism among African American women.
Author: Austin H; Lally C; Benson JM; Whitsett C; Hooper WC; Key NS
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Jun;200:620e1-620e3.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of oral and other hormonal contraceptive (HC) use on venous thromboembolism risk among African American women and investigated whether the association was modified by the sickle cell trait. STUDY DESIGN: We report the findings of a case-control study that included 60 African American women with an idiopathic, first episode of venous thromboembolism and 196 African American controls. RESULTS: The odds of current HC use compared with noncurrent use contrasting cases and controls is 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-8.1; P < .001). Among subjects with sickle cell trait, the odds ratio is higher (odds ratio [OR], 6.7; 95% CI, 1.0-43) than the odds ratio among subjects without sickle cell trait (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.2), but the difference is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study provides persuasive evidence that hormonal contraceptive use increases venous thromboembolism risk among African American women and that the increase in risk may be larger among women with sickle cell trait.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | BLACKS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | THROMBOEMBOLISM | DISEASES | RISK FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Embolism | Vascular Diseases | Health
Document Number: 330853

10.

Title: Philani program: a case study of an integrative approach of empowerment and social and economic development.
Author: Austin SA; Mbewu N
Source: Social Work In Public Health. 2009 Jan-Apr;24(1-2):148-60.
Abstract: This article reports a case study of a South African nongovernmental organization's role in implementing maternal and child health care services for families in Khayelitsha, an informal township in the Western Cape. The township is an extremely poor community with high unemployment and many other social indicators of high need. The case study explores how services were enhanced to respond to the service needs of children and families. The role of economic development as a means of empowering the mothers is examined within the context of nongovernmental organization services. The implications of developing services that integrate social and economic development are discussed as a model for social work practice in the United States.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | POVERTY | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Women's Status | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy
Document Number: 341952

11.

Title: Demographic data for development in sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Baldwin W; Diers J
Source: New York, New York, Population Council, 2009. 15 p. (Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Paper No. 13)
Abstract: More demographic data are being collected throughout the developing world than ever before, but the effective use of that data to further development goals is often lacking. This paper summarizes case studies on the demand for data in four sub-Saharan African countries, namely Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda. The project's objective was to create a detailed portrait of access and demand at the country level, and to determine whether policymakers are getting the data they need to develop sound policies. Common findings across the four countries include an increased external demand from international initiatives that has not necessarily translated into internal demand for data; a missing link between producers and users of data; and a need for data to be presented in user-friendly formats. One driver of internal demand for data is the decentralization and democratization process that is underway in all four countries; this demand highlighted the paucity of available data that can be disaggregated at the level to which policies were being devolved. Next steps are to support initiatives to establish data access as a right, encourage a culture of data-sharing among funders and producers of data, strengthen intermediaries between policymakers and data collectors, display data in accessible formats such as maps, and disaggregate available data to the most useful levels. (Author's abstract)
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | GHANA | SENEGAL | UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DATA COLLECTION | CASE STUDIES | DATA QUALITY | NEEDS | DECENTRALIZATION | DEMOCRACY | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | POVERTY | GENDER ISSUES | YOUTH | POLICY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Research Methodology | Studies | Data Analysis | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Communication | Socioeconomic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331433

12.

Title: Water safety plan manual: Step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers.
Author: Bartram J; Corrales L; Davison A; Deere D; Drury D
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], 2009. 101 p.
Abstract: The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply is through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. In these Guidelines, such approaches are called water safety plans (WSPs). The aim of this Manual is to provide that practical guidance to facilitate WSP development focusing particularly on organized water supplies managed by a water utility or similar entity. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | MANUAL | CASE STUDIES | WATER SUPPLY | SAFETY | PLANNING | QUALITY CONTROL | RISK ASSESSMENT | STANDARDS | MONITORING | MANAGEMENT | PROCEDURES | Studies | Research Methodology | Natural Resources | Environment | Public Health | Health | Organization and Administration | Evaluation
Document Number: 331413

13.

Title: The influence of early sexual debut and sexual violence on adolescent pregnancy: a matched case-control study in Jamaica.
Author: Baumgartner JN; Geary CW; Tucker H; Wedderburn M
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;35(1):21-28.
Abstract: The authors conducted structured interviews with 15- to 17-year-old females-250 who were currently pregnant and 500 sexually experienced, but never-pregnant, neighborhood-matched controls. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine associations between adolescent pregnancy and early sexual debut, sexual coercion or violence, and sexual risk-taking behaviors. Greater proportions of pregnant youth than of their never-pregnant peers reported having had first sex by age 14 (54% vs. 41%), a first sexual partner who was five or more years older (33% vs. 20%), or multiple partners (63% vs. 50%). A greater proportion of never-pregnant youth had used contraceptives at first sex (88% vs. 80%). Almost half (49%) of all young women reported ever having experienced sexual coercion or violence. Compared with controls, pregnant youth had greater odds of having had an older partner at first sex and believing contraception is a woman's responsibility (odds ratios, 1.3 and 2.1, respectively), and had lower odds of ever having experienced sexual violence and thinking that it is important to protect oneself against pregnancy (0.5 and 0.2, respectively). An interaction between early sexual debut and multiple partners was found. Having had multiple partners was associated with pregnancy only for youth with early sexual debut. Encouraging adolescents to delay sexual debut and reduce their number of sexual partners may help prevent unintended pregnancies. Experiences of sexual coercion and violence were common among both groups, highlighting the need to address gender-based violence at the community level.
Language: English
Keywords:
JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SEXUAL ABUSE | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 315213

14.

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Contraceptive failure with Depo-Provera� [letter]
Author: Bhathena R
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):130.
Abstract: I have a concern regarding the recent case report where a 28-year-old woman was given a subsequent (second) injection of Depo-Provera� by a practice nurse when she attended after 13 weeks, and when no precautions were advised, nor documentation done. The patient subsequently again reported with a positive pregnancy test and opted for a termination of pregnancy. My personal feeling is that although by and large consultation times are often too short for practising doctors to cover all aspects of counselling at all times, when a patient is using a contraceptive method outside the terms of the product licence, to ensure that optimal service is offered and also in view of the remote possibility of litigation following failure of the method, it should be mandatory for the practising doctor to also get involved and appropriately counsel, and to adequately document such an episode. (full-text)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PHYSICIANS | NURSES AND NURSING | DEPO-PROVERA | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | ABORTION | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | COUNSELING | TIME FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Fertility Control, Postconception | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education
Document Number: 330946 Notification

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Cervical obstruction complicating second-trimester abortion: treatment with misoprostol.
Author: Borgatta L; Sayegh R; Betstadt SJ; Stubblefield PG
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Feb;113(2 Pt 2):548-50.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical cone biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEP) may lead to cervical scarring, agglutination, or stenosis. Leiomyomas may also obstruct the lower uterine segment such that instruments cannot be passed from the vagina to the gestation. CASE: Two women requested second trimester abortion. Both women had undergone cervical LEEP. In addition, one woman had a 10-cm leiomyoma, which seemed to be obstructing the lower segment. In both, the external cervical os was essentially obliterated. After administration of misoprostol, the cervix softened markedly in 18-24 hours. In both women, the cervix dilated readily and allowed dilation and evacuation of the uterus. CONCLUSION: Misoprostol resulted in the ability to evacuate the uterus vaginally, in a situation that might have otherwise resulted in hysterotomy.
Language: English
Keywords:
MASSACHUSETTS | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | ABORTION | MISOPROSTOL | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | CERVICAL EFFECTS | CERVICAL LACERATION | GROWTH | TIME FACTORS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Cervix | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Diseases | Child Development | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 330357 Notification

17.

Title: Virologic and immunologic responses to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually infected patients: case reports from Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
Author: Borget MY; Diallo K; Adje-Toure C; Chorba T; Nkengasong JN
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology. 2009 May;45(1):72-5.
Abstract: In four of five HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually infected patients treated with efavirenz-based therapy, viral load was undetectable for HIV-1 only, with limited increase in CD4+ counts. Both viral loads were undetectable and CD4+ counts increased in one patient treated with protease inhibitor regimen. Specific guidelines for treating HIV-dually infected patients are needed that should avoid the use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Language: English
Keywords:
COTE D'IVOIRE | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV | INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342661

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Early results of integrated malaria control and implications for the management of fever in under-five children at a peripheral health facility: a case study of Chongwe rural health centre in Zambia.
Author: Chanda P; Hamainza B; Mulenga S; Chalwe V; Msiska C; Chizema-Kawesha E
Source: Malaria Journal. 2009;8:49.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Zambia has taken lead in implementing integrated malaria control so as to attain the National Health Strategic Plan goal of "reducing malaria incidence by 75% and under-five mortality due to malaria by 20% by the year 2010". The strategic interventions include the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, improving diagnostic capacity (both microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests), use of intermittent presumptive treatment for pregnant women, research, monitoring and evaluation, and behaviour change communication. Financial barriers to access have been removed by providing free malaria prevention and treatment services. METHODS: Data involving all under-five children reporting at the health facility in the first quarter of 2008 was evaluated prospectively. Malaria morbidity, causes of non-malaria fever, prescription patterns treatment patterns and referral cases were evaluated RESULTS: Malaria infection was found only in 0.7% (10/1378), 1.8% (251378) received anti-malarial treatment, no severe malaria cases and deaths occurred among the under-five children with fever during the three months of the study in the high malaria transmission season. 42.5% (586/1378) of the cases were acute respiratory infections (non-pneumonia), while 5.7% (79/1378) were pneumonia. Amoxicillin was the most prescribed antibiotic followed by septrin. CONCLUSION: Malaria related OPD visits have reduced at Chongwe rural health facility. The reduction in health facility malaria cases has led to an increase in diagnoses of respiratory infections. These findings have implications for the management of non-malaria fevers in children under the age of five years.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | MANAGEMENT | RURAL POPULATION | CHILDREN | MALARIA PREVENTION | FEVER | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Body Temperature | Physiology | Biology | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections
Document Number: 341025

19.

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Group a Streptococcus causing necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome after medical termination of pregnancy.
Author: Daif JL; Levie M; Chudnoff S; Kaiser B; Shahabi S
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Feb;113(2 Pt 2):504-6.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Group A Streptococcus is an aerobic gram-positive bacteria known to cause cutaneous infections. Invasive infections can lead to toxic shock syndrome with multiorgan failure and mortality rates of 25-48%. CASE: A healthy, young woman developed necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis, and toxic shock syndrome after an elective medical termination of pregnancy. This patient had confirmed group A Streptococcus on blood cultures and underwent surgical debridement. After aggressive surgical treatment, below-the-knee amputation, and antibiotic therapy, the patient survived. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the need for prompt recognition and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis/toxic shock syndrome.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | HISPANICS | WOMEN | BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES | DERMATITIS | TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME | ABORTION | GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY | SURGERY | ANTIBIOTICS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Studies | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Urogenital Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Drugs
Document Number: 330358 Notification

21.

Title: Estrogens and the risk of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).
Author: de Mos M; Huygen FJ; Stricker BH; Dieleman JP; Sturkenboom MC
Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. 2009 Jan;18(1):44-52.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) shows a clear female predominance, we investigated the association between the cumulative as well as current exposure to estrogens, and CRPS. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in the Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) project in the Netherlands. Cases were identified from electronic records (1996-2005) and included if they were confirmed during a visit (using International Association for the Study of Pain Criteria), or had been diagnosed by a specialist. Controls were matched to cases on gender, age, calendar time, and injury. Measures of cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure were obtained by questionnaire and included age of menarche and menopause, menstrual life, and cumulative months of pregnancy and breast-feeding. Current estrogen exposure at CRPS onset was retrieved from the electronic medical records and determined by current pregnancy or by the use of oral contraceptive (OC) drugs or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). RESULTS: Hundred and forty-three female cases (1493 controls) were included in analyses on drug use and pregnancies, while cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure was studied in 53 cases (58 controls) for whom questionnaire data were available. There was no association between CRPS and either cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure, OC, or HRT use. CRPS onset was increased during the first 6 months after pregnancy (OR: 5.6, 95%CI: 1.0-32.4), although based on small numbers. DISCUSSION: We did not find an association between CRPS onset and cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure or current OC or HRT use, but more powered studies are needed to exclude potential minor associations.
Language: English
Keywords:
NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RECORDS | PAIN | ESTROGENS | HORMONES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Information Processing | Information | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 329753

22.
Title: Rapid progression of HIV infection in infancy.
Author: Devi NP; Shenbagavalli R; Ramesh K; Rathinam SN; Swaminathan S
Source: Indian Pediatrics. 2009 Jan;46(1):53-6.
Abstract: Transmission of HIV from mother to child can occur in utero, during labor or after delivery via breast feeding. Data on the fate of babies born with HIV in India are scarce. We present details of 25 infants with perinatally acquired HIV infection (virologically confirmed) to highlight the observed high rate of morbidity and mortality within the first 18 months of life. Our findings of rapid disease progression among perinatally infected HIV positive children underline the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | INFANT | MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | HIV INFECTIONS | DEATH RATE | INFANT MORTALITY | AIDS | TIME FACTORS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Transmission | Infections | Mortality | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 331249

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Estimating the burden of malaria in pregnancy: a case study from rural Madhya Pradesh, India.
Author: Diamond-Smith N; Singh N; Gupta RK; Dash A; Thimasarn K; Campbell OM; Chandramohan D
Source: Malaria Journal. 2009;8:24.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is inadequately researched in India, and the burden is probably much higher than current estimates suggest. This paper models the burden of MiP and associated foetal losses and maternal deaths, in rural Madhya Pradesh, India. METHODS: Number of pregnancies per year was estimated from the number of births and an estimate of pregnancies that end in foetal loss. The prevalence of MiP, risk of foetal loss attributable to MiP and case fatality rate of MiP were obtained from the literature. The estimated total number of pregnancies was multiplied by the appropriate parameter to estimate the number of MiP cases, and foetal loss and maternal deaths attributable to MiP per year. A Monte Carlo simulation sensitivity analysis was done to assess plausibility of various estimates obtained from the literature. The burden of MiP in tribal women was explored by incorporating the variable prevalence of malaria in tribal and non-tribal populations and in forested and non-forested regions within Madhya Pradesh. RESULTS: Estimates of MiP cases in rural Madhya Pradesh based on the model parameter values found in the literature ranged from 183,000-1.5 million per year, with 73,000-629,000 lost foetuses and 1,500-12,600 maternal deaths attributable to MiP. The Monte Carlo simulation gave a more plausible estimate of 220,000 MiP cases per year (inter-quartile range (IQR): 136,000-305,000), 95,800 lost foetuses (IQR: 56,800-147,600) and 1,000 maternal deaths (IQR: 650-1,600). Tribal women living in forested areas bore 30% of the burden of MiP in Madhya Pradesh, while constituting 18% of the population. CONCLUSION: Although the estimates are uncertain, they suggest MiP is a significant public health problem in rural Madhya Pradesh, affecting many thousands of women and that reducing the MiP burden should be a priority.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | PREVALENCE | RURAL AREAS | PREGNANT WOMEN | MALARIA | MATERNAL MORTALITY | CAUSES OF DEATH | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Measurement | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Mortality | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 330550

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Contraceptive failure of Depo-Provera�: long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods do fail too.
Author: Farmer L; Patel E
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jan;35(1):59-60.
Abstract: This article reports on a case report of a 28-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 1, presenting to primary care for contraception. She opted for Depo-Provera. The patient re-presented with symptoms of nausea 6 weeks following her second Depo-Provera injection. A pregnancy test was positive. A dating ultrasound scan was arranged. This took place 7 weeks after her second Depo-Provera injection and showed a viable pregnancy at 9 weeks 2 days estimated gestation, indicating that conception would have occurred around the time of the second injection. The patient opted for a termination of pregnancy and had a copper-bearing intrauterine device fitted at the time of abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | DEPO-PROVERA | PREGNANCY | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Reproduction | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 329635

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Development of a scrotal vasocutaneous fistula producing viable spermatozoa 9 years after vasectomy.
Author: Gaden S; Kasraie J
Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Mar;91(3):929.e17-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of scrotal vasocutaneous fistula discharging viable sperm. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: A hospital-based assisted conception center. PATIENT(S): A 37-year-old male presenting for fertility treatment 9 years after vasectomy with a scrotal vasocutaneous fistula that caused a painful, intermittently rupturing, subcutaneous cyst. INTERVENTION(S): Analysis of fistula discharge and planned fistula resection with vasovasostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Diagnostic semen analysis to determine presence or absence of spermatozoa in fistula discharge. RESULT(S): A very low concentration of live spermatozoa were identified in the fistula discharge. CONCLUSIONS(S): We believe this is the first time that live spermatozoa, potentially suitable for assisted conception treatment using intracytoplasmic sperm injection have been identified in the discharge from a vasocutaneous fistula.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | MEN | VASECTOMY | SPERMATOZOA | FISTULA | TREATMENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Male Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Germ Cells | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 341006

26.

Title: Migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device during the course of pregnancy: a case report.
Author: Glass T; Baker T; Kauffman RP
Source: Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 2009 Jan-Feb;16(1):81-3.
Abstract: Uterine perforation by a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD) is a relatively rare event. These events may result secondary to mechanical force applied during placement (primary perforation) or migration by uterine contractions or surgical manipulation after placement (secondary perforation). A 33-year-old woman with an IUD placed 9 years before admission visited the emergency department with an early pregnancy and a 3-day history of vaginal bleeding. Vaginal examination revealed IUD strings visible at the cervical os, and transvaginal ultrasound confirmed the presence of an IUD in the lower uterine segment and upper cervix. The IUD migrated spontaneously to the fundal myometrium at 15 weeks' gestation. Premature rupture of membranes ensued at 20 weeks' gestation, and, at delivery, the IUD could not be retrieved. Subsequent computed tomography confirmed that the IUD was incompletely embedded in the fundal myometrium and partially extending into the peritoneal cavity. At laparoscopic sterilization 6 weeks later, the IUD had perforated the small bowel, and the device was removed with concomitant bowel repair. This case documents spontaneous migration of a copper IUD from the lower uterine segment through the fundus during early pregnancy and supports removal of asymptomatic ectopic IUDs whenever possible.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEXAS | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | PREGNANCY | IUD | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | UTERINE PERFORATION | LAPAROSCOPY | IUD MIGRATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Perforations | Diseases | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330821

27.

Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Mexico.
Author: Indacochea CM
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 36 p.
Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders.This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Mexico. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
MEXICO | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | FUNDS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331429

28.

Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Nicaragua.
Author: Indacochea CM; Leahy E
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 36 p.
Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Nicaragua. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NICARAGUA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | ADVOCACY | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Marketing
Document Number: 331430

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Consanguinity and family clustering of male factor infertility in Lebanon.
Author: Inhorn MC; Kobeissi L; Nassar Z; Lakkis D; Fakih MH
Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Apr;91(4):1104-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of consanguineous marriage on male factor infertility in Lebanon, where rates of consanguineous marriage remain high (29.6% among Muslims, 16.5% among Christians). DESIGN: Clinic-based, case-control study, using reproductive history, risk factor interview, and laboratory-based semen analysis. SETTING: Two IVF clinics in Beirut, Lebanon, during an 8-month period (January-August 2003). PATIENT(S): One hundred twenty infertile male patients and 100 fertile male controls, distinguished by semen analysis and reproductive history. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Standard clinical semen analysis. RESULT(S): The rates of consanguineous marriage were relatively high among the study sample. Patients (46%) were more likely than controls (37%) to report first-degree (parental) and second-degree (grandparental) consanguinity. The study demonstrated a clear pattern of family clustering of male factor infertility, with patients significantly more likely than controls to report infertility among close male relatives (odds ratio = 2.58). Men with azoospermia and severe oligospermia showed high rates of both consanguinity (50%) and family clustering (41%). CONCLUSION(S): Consanguineous marriage is a socially supported institution throughout the Muslim world, yet its relationship to infertility is poorly understood. This study demonstrated a significant association between consanguinity and family clustering of male factor infertility cases, suggesting a strong genetic component.
Language: English
Keywords:
LEBANON | MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | MEN | CONSANGUINITY | INFERTILITY | POPULATION GENETICS | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Genetics | Biology | Reproduction
Document Number: 341010

30.
Title: Seropositivity for Listeria monocytogenes in women with spontaneous abortion: a case-control study in Iran.
Author: Jamshidi M; Jahromi AS; Davoodian P; Amirian M; Zangeneh M; Jadcareh F
Source: Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Mar;48(1):46-8.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are many studies supporting the role of certain asymptomatic infections such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) in spontaneous abortion. In some cases, latent listeriosis may complicate the pregnancy, and serologic tests can, therefore, be used to detect the disease. This study was designed to assess the relationship between seropositivity for L. monocytogenes and spontaneous abortion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 250 women with previous spontaneous abortion and a control group of 200 women with normal full-term deliveries entered the study as case and control groups, respectively. Demographic characteristics were recorded for each subject, and serum samples were obtained from all participants. All serum samples were examined using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test for L. monocytogenes antibody. Data was analyzed using Chi-squared and t tests. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 25.6 +/- 7.6 years in cases and 25.3 +/- 6.5 years in controls. Eighty-nine (35.6%) of the cases with abortion and 35 (17.5%) of the control group were positive for L. monocytogenes antibody (p = 0.001). No relationship was observed between the number of pregnancies and infection with L. monocytogenes (p = 0.4), or between the number of previous abortions and L. monocytogenes seropositivity (p = 0.2). CONCLUSION: We suggest monitoring L. monocytogenes seroprevalence in pregnant women at high risk of threatened abortion, and further microbiological assessment of symptomatic women for detection of L. monocytogenes and insidious infection.
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | PREGNANCY | MONITORING | INFECTIONS | TESTING | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Reproduction | Evaluation | Measurement
Document Number: 342081


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