1.  Title: Romantic anarchism and pedestrian liberalism. Author: Herzog D Source: Political Theory. 2007 Jun;35(3):313-333. Abstract: Emma Goldman's stance toward anarchism was oddly mystified, even loving. Precisely this enchantment led her to see clearly the deep vices of Soviet Russia, when so many on the sane and sober Left were blind to them. So pedestrian liberals ought to relish having the extreme likes of Goldman in their midst. They-we-can faithfully recite their lessons from Mill about free speech, eccentrics, and the proliferation of viewpoints. But more recent liberals and deliberative democrats, insisting on the political centrality of reasonableness, would have problems embracing her. That should give us pause at the politics of reasonableness. And Goldman's infatuation with her own politics offers a tweak on Aristotle: a bad person can make a good citizen. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | INFLUENTIALS | MINORITY GROUPS | POLITICAL FACTORS | DEMOCRACY | LIBERALISM | CAPITALISM | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Social Problems Document Number: 322910 |
| 2. Title: Child care in Poland before, during, and after the transition: Still a women's business. Author: Heinen J; Wator M Source: Social Politics. 2006 Summer;13(2):189-216. Abstract: This article gives a historical overview of changes in child care policies in Poland and analyzes their influence on gender equality/ inequality over the last period. Under the Communist regime, these policies were subordinated to economic interests and characterized by contradictory trends. The measures enforced during this period in the field of public child care facilities and of child care leave reveal that, despite a progressive constitution, Polish women were treated as second-class citizens. However, even a market economy and massive privatizations have reinforced this trend. Women are still seen primarily as mothers and suffer discrimination in the labor market. In order to meet the conditions of integration into the European Union, a more egalitarian framework was adopted, but at the same time, the Polish state made drastic cuts in welfare expenditures. Thus, the family allowances look more like a "safety net" for the poorest than a real family-policy system. Collective care institutions progressively disappear: today, they cover only 2 percent of children under the age of three. This affects women first of all, as they are held responsible for taking care of children. The weight of the Church and the traditional point of view concerning women's place in society brake any movement of emancipation, and most women still consider that their main duty lies in their role as mothers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: POLAND | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CHILDREN | WOMEN | CHILD CARE | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | COMMUNISM | SOCIAL CHANGE | CAPITALISM | SOCIAL PROTECTION | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Socialism | Political Systems | Political Factors Document Number: 315992 |
| 3. Title: Can global health be good business? [editorial] Author: Lister J Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2006 Mar;11(3):255-257. Abstract: A lavishly sponsored Global Health Summit conference in New York organized in early November by Time magazine included a panel discussion on the pertinent issue of whether global health can be good for business,1 and in the process highlighted many of the contradictions confronting health care providers, policy makers and planners the world over. Attempts to graft compassion onto the root stock of global capitalism have been only partially successful, if at all. Certainly none of the big players in the $3 trillion plus health care industry - whether they be pharmaceutical corporations, equipment manufacturers, hospital chains or health insurers - has been able to demonstrate any long term or sustained commitment to the delivery of health care services to the billions of people in low income countries who currently lack access to them. Many of the 'Global Public Private Partnerships' favoured by the WHO appear to serve largely as public relations campaigns for the private sector 'partners' and also as a means to help them to secure and potentially expand their longer-term market for drugs and vaccines. Meanwhile some of the largest donors supporting such partnerships come from outside of the health care industry altogether - most notably Bill and Melinda Gates, whose benevolent billions also help make Microsoft's cosmic profits seem more socially acceptable. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | PUBLIC HEALTH | PRIVATE SECTOR | NEEDS | RESOURCES | CAPITALISM | WORLD BANK | PRIVATELY SPONSORED PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Health | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | International Agencies | Organizations | Programs | Program Evaluation Document Number: 297410 |
4.  Title: Separate and unequal. Author: Rajan R Source: Finance and Development. 2006 Mar;43(1):[4] p.. Abstract: Microfinance is increasingly being touted as a miracle cure for poverty. If it is, why isn't it more widespread, and how can it be extended? Although microfinance has been around in various forms for thousands of years, its modern incarnation is most closely tied to Mohammed Yunus, the Grameen Bank founder. In his autobiography, he described how, as a professor in Bangladesh, he came to understand the importance of finance for the poor. Horrified by the consequences of a recent famine, he left the sheltered walls of the university to find out how the poor made a living. In a neighboring village, he struck up a conversation with a young mother making bamboo stools. He learned that she needed 22 cents to buy the raw material for the stools. Because the young mother didn't have money, she borrowed it from an intermediary, to whom she was forced to sell the stools as repayment. She made a profit of only 2 cents. Yunus was appalled: finance would enable her to sell directly to customers. But the intermediary wouldn't offer her finance, for then he would lose his hold over her. For want of 22 cents, the woman's labor was captive. In this vignette, many see the worst evil of capitalism: exploitation of labor by capital. But this situation couldn't be further from the essence of free market capitalism: free access and competitive markets. It's the lack of access to a competitive financial market or to a friendly financial institution where the poor can borrow at a reasonable rate that keeps their labor captive. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | CRITIQUE | MOTHERS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | CAPITALISM | POVERTY | INEQUALITIES | WAGES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Political Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 299326 |
| 5. Title: Welfare capitalism after communism: labor weakness and post-communist social policies. Author: Crowley S Source: In: Becoming global and the new poverty of cities, edited by Lisa M. Hanley, Blair A. Ruble and Joseph S. Tulchin. Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Comparative Urban Studies Project, 2005. :139-164. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GEW-A-00-02-00023-00) Abstract: This chapter will proceed as follows. The first section will examine the impact of labor on the development of the welfare state, particularly in Europe. It will argue that the power of labor was central to the rise of the welfare state. While during the current era of retrenchment labor has been somewhat eclipsed by other actors, labor remains central to the determination of whether welfare states evolve in the direction of continental Europe or towards more liberal regimes. The second section will examine the relative strength or weakness of labor in Eastern Europe, concluding that labor is indeed a significantly weak social and political actor. The third and final section will explore the implications of this weakness on the shape and trajectory of the post-communist welfare state. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE, WESTERN | EUROPE, CENTRAL | EUROPE, EASTERN | ASIA, CENTRAL | CRITIQUE | LABOR FORCE | POVERTY | SOCIAL POLICY | SOCIAL SECURITY | CAPITALISM | COMMUNISM | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Europe | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Asia | Human Resources | Socioeconomic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Government Financing | Financial Activities | Political Systems | Socialism Document Number: 305446 |
| 6. Title: Diaspora, gender, and nation: the case of Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictee. Author: Heasock T Source: Asian Journal of Women's Studies. 2005 Jan 31;11(1):[12] p.. Abstract: The aim of this article is to re-conceptualize the recent diaspora from a corporeal materialist feminist perspective while exploring the issue of decolonizing political agency in our increasingly globalizing capitalist patriarchal era. I therefore look at the complex and multiple relations among diaspora, gender, and nation. Dictée by a Korean-American woman writer, Cha Hak Kyung (1982/1995), is a text that embodies the material traces emerging from colonial/national/transnational bodies and locations, which are radically different from the de-historicized, de-politicized terrain of postmodern hybrid subjects. When we conceptually distinguish "diaspora" from nomad, exile, and immigrant, and then conceptualize it from a corporeal materialist feminist perspective, it emerges as a subversive political figure embodying a political struggle that seeks to define the local/national against the historical contexts of displacement and makes visible the bodies and labor of women. Then, "diaspora" can encompass the problem of the gendered subaltern against liberalist bourgeois elitist agenda, by persistently unlearning the globalizing re-arrangement of the apparently multicultural "empire," and consciously dis-identifying the totalistic and oppressive national/transnational unity and agency. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | MIGRANTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COLONIALISM | CAPITALISM | PATRIARCHY | POLITICAL FACTORS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | FEMINISM | Studies | Research Methodology | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Political Systems | Sociocultural Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 301432 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Cultural politics and mascularinities: Multiple-partners in historical perspective in a KwaZulu-Natal. Author: Hunter M Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2005 May-Jun;7(3):209-223. Abstract: Drawing from ethnographic, archival and secondary research, this article examines multiple-sexual partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal, a South Africa province where one in three people are thought to be HIV positive. Research on masculinities, multiple-partners, and AIDS has been predominantly directed towards the present day. This article stresses the importance of unraveling the antecedents of contemporary masculinities particularly the gendered cultural politics through which they have been produced. Arguing against dominant conceptions of African masculinity as being innate or static, it charts the rise and fall of the isoka, the Zulu man with multiple-sexual partners, over the last century. Showing how the isoka developed through changing conditions occasioned by capitalism, migrant labor and Christianity, it contends that an important turning point took place from the 1970s when high unemployment threatened previous expressions of manliness, notably marriage, setting up an independent household and becoming umnumzana (a household head). The high value placed on men seeking multiple-partners increasingly filled the void left by men?s inability to become men through previous means. Turning to the contemporary period, the article argues that, shaken by the huge AIDS deaths, men are betraying increasing doubts about the isoka masculinity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MEN | CULTURE | MALE ROLE | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SEXUALITY | CAPITALISM | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | MIGRATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Sexual Partners | Sex Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors | Political Systems | Religion | Population Dynamics Document Number: 315451 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Cultural politics and masculinities: Multiple-partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal. Author: Hunter M Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2005 Jul-Aug;7(4):389-403. Abstract: Drawing from ethnographic, archival and secondary research, this article examines multiple-sexual partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal, a South Africa province where one in three people are thought to be HIV positive. Research on masculinities, multiple-partners, and AIDS has been predominantly directed towards the present day. This paper stresses the importance of unraveling the antecedents of contemporary masculinities particularly the gendered cultural politics through which they have been produced. Arguing against dominant conceptions of African masculinity as being innate or static, it charts the rise and fall of the isoka, the Zulu man with multiple-sexual partners, over the last century. Showing how the isoka developed through changing conditions occasioned by capitalism, migrant labour and Christianity, it contends that an important turning point took place from the 1970s when high unemployment threatened previous expressions of manliness, notably marriage, setting up an independent household and becoming umnumzana (a household head). The high value placed on men seeking multiple-partners increasingly filled the void left by men's inability to become men through previous means. Turning to the contemporary period, the article argues that, shaken by the huge AIDS deaths, men are betraying increasing doubts about the isoka masculinity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | MEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | MALE ROLE | GENDER RELATIONS | CAPITALISM | LABOR MIGRATION | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CULTURE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Social Behavior | Gender Issues | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Political Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Religion Document Number: 303941 |
| 9. Title: Introduction to special issue of Social Politics: "Gender, Class, and Capitalism." Author: McCall L; Orloff A Source: Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society. 2005 Summer;12(2):159-169. Abstract: “Restructuring” has emerged as one of the key concepts of contemporary social science, as scholars attempt to make sense of profound transformations in political economies, welfare states, families, and communities. Many of these shifts are associated with changing gender relations, which figure as both cause and consequence. Women workers have emerged as key actors in this changing and ever more global political economy: Productivity gains, sustainable pension systems, and the quality and size of the future labor forces depend on women’s decisions about employment, childbearing, and childrearing—to say nothing of their potential as an electoral bloc. Much recent attention focuses in particular on “work– family reconciliation.” Most governments in the developed world are committed to enhancing or sustaining women’s employment, and feminist analysts have focused on gender regimes that differ in the public support given to women’s employment as key to understanding variations in gender equality. This focus in the feminist literature has resulted in a tendency to ascribe differences in gender equality to differences in social policy frameworks, which is to say, politics. But it has become clear that there is no straightforward link between women’s employment, the social policies that support it, and gender equality. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | SOCIAL CLASS | POLITICAL FACTORS | GENDER ISSUES | CAPITALISM | SOCIAL CHANGE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Systems Document Number: 292539 |
| 10. Title: Introduction: Meeting the challenges of HIV / AIDS in Southeast and East Asia. Author: Piper N; Yeoh BS Source: Asia Pacific Viewpoint. 2005 Apr;46(1):1-5. Abstract: Out of a total of 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally today, the Asia-Pacific is home to about 7.4 million – a figure which constitutes a sharp rise to previous years. In absolute numbers, infections in Asia are projected to exceed African figures within a decade. This has largely to do with economic changes towards market-based capitalism, widening socioeconomic disparities and increased levels of mobility (internal and cross- border), as for instance in China and Indonesia. Overall, the epidemic in Asia has been described as more complex than in Africa involving a multiplicity of transmission modes. The case studies presented in the contributions to this special issue discuss the connections between issues of mobility, gender, (trans)nationalism and sexuality in understanding the HIV/AIDS challenge in the region. The various ways in meeting the challenges of HIV/AIDS in Southeast and East Asia are analysed, whereby non-governmental and community-based responses often emerge as more effective than state interventions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN | ASIA, EASTERN | RESEARCH REPORT | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CAPITALISM | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | INTERNAL MIGRATION | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | HIV TRANSMISSION | GENDER ISSUES | NATIONALITY | SEXUALITY | Developing Countries | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Systems | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Characteristics | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 292004 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Exploring the new international-informational division of labor, collision between time-space configuration, and engendered work organization: reflections from Argentina. Author: Roldan M Source: Gender Technology and Development. 2005 Sep-Dec;9(3):319-346. Abstract: The debate on the nature and dynamics of late 20th century capitalism, and the crucial role Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) play in these dynamics, has centered on the transition towards a Third Industrial (Informational) Revolution. Little attention has so far been paid to the changes taking place in work organizations and engendered skills that sustain informational economic growth. This, in turn, has meant that the simultaneous construction of the New International-Informational Division of Labor (NIIDL) and the role that the new time-space configuration plays in the emergence and consolidation of that division has also tended to be overlooked. This article examines this debate, particularly in terms of the relationship between NIIDL and the global organization of production, skills and the control of women and men workers. This is done on the basis of field research in the so-called artisan sector of an inland province of Argentina in the past 15 years. The theoretical and empirical exercise reveals serious structural obstacles that prevent any easy solution to the problem depending on the time-space configuration in which women artisans in particular are inserted, the type of piece produced, work organization, technologies and sources of energy used, among others. There is pressing need to implement a number of active public policies promoting knowledge-based industry, alternative sources of energy, education, science and technology, socialization of information and democratization of communication to be carried out at international, regional, national and local levels with a view to ensuring the creation of an autonomous and humane intensified time-space configuration and to implement anew gender aware informational development agenda based on the defense of women's (and men s) human rights. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | LABOR FORCE | TECHNOLOGY | INFORMATION | COMMUNICATION | KNOWLEDGE | CAPITALISM | HUMAN RIGHTS | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Political Factors | Policy Document Number: 305235 |
| 12. Title: Beyond pro-choice versus pro-life: women of color and reproductive justice. Author: Smith A Source: NWSA Journal. 2005 Spring;17(1):119-140. Abstract: This paper argues that the pro-life versus pro-choice paradigm for understanding reproductive rights is a model that marginalizes women of color, poor women, women with disabilities, and women from other marginalized communities. The pro-life versus pro-choice paradigm serves to both reify and mask the structures of white supremacy and capitalism that undergird the reproductive choices that women make. While both camps of the pro-choice and pro-life debate give lip service to addressing the concerns of women of color, in the end the manner in which both articulate the issues at stake contributes to their support of political positions that are racist and sexist and which do nothing to support either life or real choice for women of color. Instead, women of color activists should develop alternative paradigms for articulating reproductive justice that make critiques of capitalism and criminalization central to the analysis rather than simply expand either pro-choice or pro-life frameworks. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | PRO-CHOICE GROUPS | ABORTION | WOMEN | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | LOW INCOME POPULATION | ETHNIC GROUPS | PRISONERS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | RACE RELATIONS | CAPITALISM | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Cultural Background | Crime | Social Problems | Political Systems | Human Rights | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 299834 Notification |
| 13. Title: Varieties of capitalism and cross-national gender differences. Author: Soskice D Source: Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society. 2005 Summer;12(2):170-179. Abstract: The varieties of capitalism (VoC) approach (Hall and Soskice 2001, for an introduction) did not develop as an attempt to explain cross-national gender relations. It was the insight of Estévez-Abe that it could be used in gender analysis (Estévez-Abe this volume). She built on Iversen’s argument that the patterns of business and individual investments in skills implied by VoC could explain complementarities between welfare state regimes and varieties of capitalism (Estévez-Abe et al., 2001; Iversen, 2005). These arguments are summarized shortly. This issue of Social Politics shows, at least to my reading, that VoC offers a range of important insights and tools of comparative analysis; but as Charles points out (this volume), many key characteristics of occupational segregation are common across advanced economies—blue collar work, for example, is seldom done by women anywhere. VoC is useful then in explaining comparative differences. In this commentary I first sketch out the VoC approach and why it implies that wage determination and skill formation systems differ substantially across economies. Using these two institutional differences, the Estévez-Abe argument is set out, the links between varieties of capitalism and welfare states are established, and a number of implications for cross-national gender differences are drawn. Finally, the relation between VoC and political systems are discussed. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | CAPITALISM | GENDER RELATIONS | SOCIAL WELFARE | EMPLOYMENT | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Systems | Gender Issues | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 292540 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Homophobia, hypermasculinity and the US black church. Author: Ward EG Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2005 Sep-Oct;7(5):493-504. Abstract: Black churches in the USA constitute a significant source of the homophobia that pervades black communities. This theologically-driven homophobia is reinforced by the anti-homosexual rhetoric of black nationalism. Drawing on a variety of sources, this paper discusses the sources of homophobia within black communities, and its impact upon self-esteem, social relationships and physical health. Religion-based homophobia and black nationalism point to wider structures which have influenced their emergence, including racism, patriarchy and capitalism. It is vital for US black churches and communities to understand and transcend their longstanding resistance to openly addressing complex, painful issues of sexuality and embrace healthier definitions of black manhood. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CRITIQUE | INFLUENTIALS | BLACKS | HOMOSEXUALS | CHRISTIANITY | MALE ROLE | STIGMA | RACE RELATIONS | PATRIARCHY | CAPITALISM | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Social Problems | Political Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Political Systems Document Number: 303947 |
| 15. Title: Age-specific household size as a demographic aspect of regional disparity: Czech Republic,1991. Author: Akkerman A Source: Canadian Studies in Population. 2004;31(2):237-260. Abstract: The post-communist transition to market economy in Central Europe over the last decade of the twentieth century had a significant impact on the demographic profile of the former Soviet bloc countries. Largely due to government policy and market conditions related to housing, this observation is particularly true for the Czech Republic. The present study shows housing as a facet of regional demographic differences within the Czech Republic. The household composition matrix is applied here as a demographic gauge to the behavioral response of households to Czech housing markets and policy. The matrix provides here a glance at households' demographic behavior in the capital city of Prague and in the country's other regions, during the early transition period, based on observations from the 1991 census. A summary feature of household composition is the age-specific household size shown for the various regions of the Czech Republic to trace the reduced standard Gamma function. Anomalies detected in the trajectory of age-specific household size for Prague confirm the unique housing market conditions in the capital city, and point to a commensurate demographic response in Prague as opposed to the rest of the country. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CZECH REPUBLIC | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | HOUSEHOLDS | HOUSING | AGE FACTORS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | CAPITALISM | SOCIALISM | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Political Systems | Political Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 298655 |
| 16. Title: Globalization from below: AIDWA, foreign funding, and gendering anti-violence campaigns. Author: Armstrong E Source: Journal of Developing Societies. 2004;20(1-2):39-55. Abstract: Social movements and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) fight on the frontlines of neoliberal development policies, for their constituencies and for their own survival. These groups' proximity to neoliberalism, through their funding sources and decision-making structures, has come under increasing scrutiny marked by the critical description of their "NGOization." This globalization from below into the fabric of grassroots resistance marks an important site of departure for one national women's organization, the All India Democratic Women's Association (AIDWA). Member-sustained and independent from outside donor funding, but deeply marked by World Bank/International Monetary Fund development demands, AIDWA sheds light on those organizational forms that refuse to compromise their goals even as they recognize changing political conditions. This paper looks at their analysis and politics to combat violence against women, an approach that never wholly leaves its local battles against domestic violence even as it directly implicates neoliberal capitalism in women's intimate relationships with violence. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | WOMEN'S GROUPS | VIOLENCE | POLITICAL FACTORS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | CAPITALISM | LIBERALISM | CAMPAIGNS | FOREIGN AID | GENDER ISSUES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Interest Groups | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Political Systems | Communication Programs | Communication | Financial Activities Document Number: 299259 |
| 17. Title: A view from below: industrial re-structuring and women's employment at four Russian enterprises. Author: Clark CL; Sacks MP Source: Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 2004;37:523-545. Abstract: The labor market in Russia has changed significantly during the last decade. This transformation has resulted in notable changes in employment and unemployment patterns, and in labor mobility, flexibility and insecurity. One critical question is whether these changes signal important differences in labor market outcomes by gender. The approach taken here is to focus on the Russian industrial enterprise. In our study, we find that women experience different internal labor market opportunities and external job prospects than men and those differences in experience are reflected in the actual hiring practices at our firms, with men substituting for women, and women finding it particularly difficult to negotiate the increasingly closed labor market in Russia. At the same time important differences persist among women, differences that do not exist for men. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | LABOR FORCE | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS | EMPLOYMENT | INDUSTRY | CAPITALISM | SEX DISCRIMINATION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | AGE FACTORS | WAGES | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Political Systems | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 283602 |
| 18. Title: Sleeping Beauty awakes: self-interest, feminism, and fertility in the early twentieth century. Author: Folbre N Source: Social Research. 2004 Summer;71(2):343-356. Abstract: THE STORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITALISM AND THE pursuit of individual self-interest has focused, for the most part, on men in search of money. A gendered perspective reveals a more complicated narrative. The pursuit of wealth was, to use Robert Heilbroner's word, "legitimated" for men far earlier (and with far greater enthusiasm) than for women. A moral double standard can be traced particularly clearly from Adam Smith (who questioned the benevolence of the butcher and the baker but never that of the wife and mother) to Alfred Marshall (who feared that wage employment would tempt women to neglect their family duties). Ideologies of gender mediated and slowed the advance of individualism; legitimation of the female pursuit of wealth did not unfold rapidly in capitalist countries until the latter half of the twentieth century. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: HISTORICAL REVIEW | EVALUATION | WOMEN | FEMINISM | FERTILITY | CAPITALISM | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | WOMEN'S STATUS | CONTRACEPTION | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Political Systems | Political Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Family Planning | Human Rights Document Number: 300421 |
| 19. Title: Feminism-by-design: emerging capitalisms, cultural feminism, and women's nongovernmental organizations in postsocialist Eastern Europe. Author: Ghodsee K Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 2004 Spring;29(3):727-753. Abstract: Women of color within the United States as well as women from developing countries have attacked the hegemony of Western cultural feminism. The idea of a global sisterhood erases important differences in power and access to resources among women of varying races, ethnicities, and nationalities. These critiques, however, have often gone unheeded in the reconstruction projects of the former "second world." Western feminists and their nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been employed by the multilateral and bilateral aid communities to help women in former socialist countries survive the process of economic transformation. At the same time, many local women throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have resisted the importation of cultural feminist ideologies. They have stubbornly refused to develop a collective gendered identity to advocate for their own rights. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE, EASTERN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FEMINISM | CAPITALISM | CULTURE | POLITICAL FACTORS | FOREIGN AID | SOCIALISM | Developing Countries | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Political Systems | Financial Activities Document Number: 300395 |
| 20. Title: The globalization of health: risks, responses, and alternatives. Author: Harris RL; Seid MJ Source: Perspectives on Global Development and Technology. 2004;3(1-2):245-269. Abstract: This essay provides a summary and synthesis of the wealth of information, analysis, and conclusions provided by the other contributors to this collection of essays on globalization and health. The major themes addressed are the health risks and health effects of globalization, the responses to these risks and effects at the national and global levels, and the alternatives to the present patterns of globalization in which the health of billions of people around the world and the planet's ecological sustainability are threatened. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | HEALTH SERVICES | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | ECOLOGY | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | RISK FACTORS | CAPITALISM | LIFE STYLE | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | COLONIALISM | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Development | Environment | Biology | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Primary Health Care Document Number: 299842 |
| 21. Title: HIV / AIDS in Africa: links, livelihoods and legacies. Author: Love R Source: Review of African Political Economy. 2004;(102):639-648. Abstract: Of the significance of HIV/AIDS at household, village and community level throughout Africa there can be no doubt. By 2002, the cumulative number of deaths from the disease in Africa had been estimated to be of the order of 19 million (calculated from Barnet & Whiteside, table 1.1 and UNAIDSa), almost 30 million Africans were estimated to be HIV positive, and by 2010 some 6 million of the then total deaths will have been in South Africa alone (Lewis, 2004). Although it is impossible to be precise, such figures considerably exceed those of around 11 million often (conservatively) estimated to have been transported during the entire period of the Atlantic slave trade (Austin, 1987). As with slavery, HIV/AIDS also primarily claims adult victims where the impact on economic production is greatest - another recent estimate is that between 1985 and 2020 over 20% of adult farm workers in the nine hardest hit African countries will have lost their lives because of AIDS (UNFAO, 2004a). While the impact is likely to be similar in many respects, two obvious differences from slavery are that the perpetrator is less easy to identify and moral judgements more readily confused, producing many examples of politically loaded policy decisions and value-laden interventions. Moreover, debates about 'being faithful' to one partner, possibly in marriage, and postponing teenage sex are institutional camouflage over the fact that a primary means of transfer of this disease in Africa has been through a physical activity as natural as eating and drinking, and which often involves great emotional and affectionate intimacy between two people. It can also of course be a violently imposed act by men on women and girls. In either case, there is the heightened pathos of human tragedy to which we as commentators should not lose our sensitivity and potential for empathy as a result of excessive intellectualising. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | CRITIQUE | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | EPIDEMICS | PRODUCTION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | CAPITALISM | POVERTY | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Political Systems | Socioeconomic Factors | Religion Document Number: 300071 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Dying for economic growth? Evidence of a flawed economic policy in Uganda. Author: Okuonzi SA Source: Lancet. 2004 Oct 30;364:1632-1637. Abstract: Uganda is now regarded as a success for having achieved remarkable economic progress. Nevertheless, no substantial improvement in social welfare is apparent. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and latter-day free-market converts, including welfare-state donor countries and Uganda’s own finance ministry, love to describe the country as an economic star, but shy away from explaining in a convincing way why, for such a brilliant economic performance, the country has a miserable social-welfare situation, as epitomised by persistently high maternal and infant mortality. The reason for this paradox is that the economic policy has succeeded specifically at the expense of social welfare. This policy extols export-oriented private-sector investment, which is expected to lead to economic growth and increased household incomes. Better incomes are said to be the only way to ensure social welfare. But to create the necessary macroeconomic environment for investment and the private sector, public expenditure, particularly for social services, must be highly restricted, and any social-welfare targets, such as the Millennium Development Goals, that cannot be achieved within these constrained social spending limits must be abandoned. According to the government’s policy, welfare should therefore be postponed until economic growth has reached some arbitrary optimum. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | GOVERNMENT | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | ECONOMIC POLICY | SOCIAL WELFARE | INVESTMENTS | PRIVATE SECTOR | CAPITALISM | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Policy | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Macroeconomic Factors | Political Systems Document Number: 276521 |
| 23. Title: International sex trafficking in women in Korea: its causes, consequences and countermeasures. Author: Seol DH Source: Asian Journal of Women's Studies. 2004 Jun 30;10(2):[18] p.. Abstract: In the past, Korea exported labor and supplied migrant women who were employed in the entertainment sector abroad. Since 1987, the flow of migration from Korea began to change dramatically, and around 1996 it was reversed as Korea emerged as a major host country for foreign migrant workers, including those engaged in the sex industry. Even though its scale has diminished, the flow of Korean migrant workers and female entertainers from Korea to third countries continues. This paper deals with international trafficking in women in Korea. It illustrates that trafficking in human beings is not clearly defined and therefore is often confused or misunderstood. By taking a closer look at migrant women employed in the sex and entertainment sector in Korea, their motives to migrate, the migration process, their actual employment and living condition, this paper will show that some of these women could be victims of trafficking. Some of the main causes of trafficking in human beings will also be examined with reference to four different areas of analysis -- the global capitalist system, employment/recruitment agencies, including international crime rings engaged in trafficking in human beings, the countries of origin and the host countries. A number of counter-trafficking measures will be suggested as part of the conclusion. (author's) Language: English Keywords: REPUBLIC OF KOREA | CRITIQUE | CLASSIFICATION | MIGRANTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | LABOR FORCE | SEX WORKERS | LABOR MIGRATION | SEXUAL TRAFFICKING | MOTIVATION | STANDARD OF LIVING | ORIGIN | CAPITALISM | Developed Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Human Resources | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Political Systems | Political Factors Document Number: 301444 |
| 24. Title: International women's magazines and the production of sexuality in Taiwan. Author: Yang FC Source: Journal of Popular Culture. 2004 Feb;37(3):505-530. Abstract: A magazine "revolution" took place in Taiwan during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Corporate-based multinational publishing companies such as Hua-Shang and Hachette Cultural Enterprise were established at this time with financial backing from local and foreign investments. Existing local giants such as china Times Publications also began to diversify and expanded their markets by cooperating with transnational publishing companies. These corporate-based publishing companies introduced international women's magazines such as Cosmo, Elle, and Marie Claire to Taiwan, pushing out local individual- and family-owned magazine business such as The Woman. In order to compete in the market, local magazines emulated international magazines, adopting their methods of business management and imitating their format and content. The dominance of these international women's magazines in Taiwan's marker has a significant bearing on feminists because as feminine popular culture, magazines play an important role in shaping women's identities. International women's magazines therefore constitute a significant site for exploring the interaction between the local and global dynamics in the domain of culture and how that dynamic is played out in the structuring of women's self-formation. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | MAGAZINES | SEXUALITY | ECONOMIC FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | FEMINISM | CAPITALISM | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems Document Number: 299474 |
| 25. Title: Bodies and choices: African matriarchs and mammy water. Author: Amadiume I Source: In: Feminist futures: re-imagining women, culture and development, edited by Kum-Kum Bhavnani, John Foran and Priya A. Kurian. London, England, Zed Books, 2003. :89-106. Abstract: In this chapter I will examine collectivist notions of women's solidarity in relation to women's power in traditional cultures and societies in Africa. My ultimate goal is to highlight growing tensions in the realm of agency and culture between what I describe as traditional African matriarchitarianism and new counter-forces, such as Mammy Water. Using examples of traditional organizations of women's cultures that embody matriarchitarianism, I argue that feminism and these traditions of organized women's empowering cultures are not mutually exclusive. Yet, with globalization, traditional African matriarchs are increasingly marginalized and face serious competition for the control and shaping of women's bodies. There is thus a need to revisit old grounds to raise new questions about the place of increasingly assertive individual subjectivity and choice for women and girls in new globalizing conditions of social change. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | MATRIARCHY | POWER | CULTURE | SEXUALITY | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | WOMEN'S GROUPS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CAPITALISM | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Political Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Economic Factors | Interest Groups | Economic Development | Political Systems Document Number: 187008 |
| 26. Title: Gender pay gap in Poland. Author: Grajek M Source: Economics of Planning. 2003 Jan;36(1):23-44. Abstract: In this paper we examine the gender pay gap in Poland over 1987-1996, i.e., shortly before and during the transition to market economy. The principle source of data used throughout the paper is the Household Budget Survey conducted by the Polish Central Statistical Office. The study documents three major results. First, the transition to market economy in Poland favored women substantially in terms of relative earnings differentials. The gender pay gap decreased by 10.2 log% points and the position of mean female in male wage distribution went up by 9.9 percentiles over 1987-1996, By 1995, the values of these measures reached the level observed in industrial economies such as the U.K., Austria, Italy or Australia. Second, rising relative skills of women and rising returns to skills explain about half of the fall in the gender pay gap over 1987-1996. Third, the pay gap did not follow a smooth adjustment process. 1989, the year of the first democratic parliamentary elections, which resulted in forming the first non-communist government, saw the most spectacular change, although actual market reforms began one year after. The changes in the early phase of the transition were mostly driven by sudden shifts in relative wages and employment across industries. Afterwards, the pay gap measures stabilized, partly because rising overall wage inequalities offset the advantages of females due to observed skills. (author's) Language: English Keywords: POLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | LABOR FORCE | WAGES | SEX DISCRIMINATION | HOME ECONOMICS | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | CAPITALISM | EMPLOYMENT | OCCUPATIONAL STATUS | SOCIALISM | SEX FACTORS | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Human Resources | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Microeconomic Factors | Political Systems | Employment Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 284390 |
| 27. Title: Gender, technology, and the potential for social marginalization; Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Author: Johnson H Source: Asian Journal of Women's Studies. 2003 Mar 31;9(1):[5] p.. Abstract: My paper describes a study that links gender with technology use in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. It argues that technology use is a significant 21st century social phenomenon due to the rise of consumption-based economies and government plans for technologically-led recoveries in the Asia-Pacific. It describes how gender interacts with other cultural differences to shape the social use and effects of technology. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | SINGAPORE | CRITIQUE | TECHNOLOGY | GENDER ISSUES | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | COMPUTERS | INTERNET | MODERNIZATION | CAPITALISM | CULTURE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Information Processing | Information | Information Networks | Communication | Social Change | Political Systems | Political Factors Document Number: 301415 |
| 28. Title: Of rural mothers, urban whores and working daughters: women and the critique of neocolonial development in Taiwan's nativist literature. Author: Lai MY Source: In: Feminist futures: re-imagining women, culture and development, edited by Kum-Kum Bhavnani, John Foran and Priya A. Kurian. London, England, Zed Books, 2003. :209-224. Abstract: To highlight the critical interrogation of development in cultural practices and explore the significance of women to such a project, this chapter examines the practice of nativist literature in Taiwan during the period of rapid economic growth from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s. As a deliberate cultural intervention in Taiwan's course of development, nativist literature of this period advances a nationalist discourse to expose and protest about the neocolonial nature of a development oriented towards the needs and demands of foreign capitalist powers. Unpacking this nationalist discourse, my analysis shows how its oppositionality depends on problematic representations of women that undergird patriarchal traditions. A focus on female figures in major works of nativist literature thus enables us to unveil the ideological construction of its nationalist opposition to neocolonial development. In counterpoint, a consideration of the material reality for women under Taiwan's development, and women's own representation of their everyday experiences, casts a different light on the role of women to development and cultural resistance to neocolonial exploitation. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | LITERATURE REVIEW | RURAL POPULATION | LOW INCOME POPULATION | MOTHERS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN | LABOR FORCE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | CAPITALISM | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | CULTURE | QUALITY OF LIFE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Human Resources | Political Systems | Social Welfare Document Number: 187019 |
| 29. Title: Poverty and inequity in the era of globalization: our need to change and to re-conceptualize. Author: Schuftan C Source: International Journal for Equity in Health. 2003 Mar 19;2(4):[7] p.. Abstract: The peculiar current form of Capitalism rechristened as 'free market economics' goes by the motto of "trade, not aid", no matter how uneven the former may be, and despite the fact that equal relations between unequals simply reinforce inequality. In line with the above, Globalization – Capitalism's corresponding new flagship – is creating wealth for the few and depressing local wages and conditions of employment for the many. It has also brought about a shift in power: the nation state has weakened and has markedly reduced its social accountability. In the Globalization context, the privatization called-for often ends up meaning denationalization and an acceleration of poverty, of disparities, of exclusion, of unemployment, of alienation, of environmental degradation, of exploitation, of corruption and often brings about violence and conflict. All these add up to marginalization on a massive scale. The effects of Globalization are thus producing big winners and losers. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | LOW INCOME POPULATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | POLICYMAKERS | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | POVERTY | INEQUALITIES | CAPITALISM | IMPACT | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | HEALTH POLICY | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organizations | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Political Systems | Communication | Policy Document Number: 289610 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Vulnerability, control and oil palm in Sarawak: globalization and a new era? Author: Cooke FM Source: Development and Change. 2002 Apr;33(2):189-211. Abstract: In the post logging era, Sarawak is being restructured to make way for large- scale oil palm plantations. In this restructuring, the vulnerabilities of particular areas are being used in a wider battle to control production, particularly for export. Native customary lands, considered `unproductive' or `idle' by officials, are the target of oil palm plantation development under a new land development program called Konsep Baru (New Concept). This article looks at the contradictions generated by the complex process of laying claims to 'idle' native customary land and focuses on Dayak organizing initiatives in northern Sarawak, Malaysia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | SUMMARY REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | LAND AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT | CAPITALISM | FORESTS | AGRICULTURE | OWNERSHIP | POWER | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Rural Development | Economic Factors | Political Systems | Natural Resources | Environment | Macroeconomic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Political Factors Document Number: 168629 |
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