Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 955 records

Your search found 955 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Subscription may be needed for full text

Title: HIV/AIDS knowledge and behaviour: have information campaigns reduced HIV infection? The case of Kenya.
Author: Frolich M; Vazquez-Alvarez R
Source: African Development Review. 2009 Apr;21(1):86-146.
Abstract: AIDS continues to have a devastating effect on developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The lack of a proven effective vaccine to stop HIV transmission has led to much of public policy putting an emphasis on information campaigns in order to reduce HIV-prevalence. In this paper we examine the impact of HIV/AIDS-knowledge from two sides. First, we examine to what extent the campaigns have been successful at inducing the expected behavioural change with regards to HIV-related attitudes. Second, we examine the impact of HIV/AIDS knowledge on HIV status. The basic policy issue can be expressed as follows: even if individuals have acquired sufficient and necessary information on the basic facts about AIDS, factors such as innate risk attitudes or cultural background could undermine the effects of the campaigns. Using the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (2003) we elicit empirical evidence on the relation between declared HIV/AIDS-knowledge, behavioural attitudes related to HIV/AIDS situations and the relation between knowledge and observed HIV-status. Overall, our empirical findings suggest that information campaigns have been effective at equipping the adult population in Kenya with the required knowledge to avoid becoming HIV-positive. However, when HIV-status is measured objectively we find that the relation between correctly declared attitudes and actual behaviour is only statistically significant for females who have arrived into sexuality late enough to benefit from such campaigns: it is for these females that the impact of the information campaigns has been to statistically reduce the probability of becoming HIV positive, as intended. In the case of males we find that there is no statistical relation between either knowledge or timing of the information campaigns and a positive HIV status. Nevertheless, another important finding refers to the selection bias induced by males who are sampled randomly but decline to take the HIV test. The consequences of this bias are twofold; first, the estimated policy parameters for males should be interpreted with caution, but more importantly, estimating the population level HIV-prevalence for Kenyan males based on the DHS implies underestimating the true and unknown prevalence rate. Our analysis controls for individual characteristics, selection bias and endogeneity effects, thus allowing us to make inferences for the full population and with regards to policy implementation.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PREVALENCE | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | INFORMATION | CAMPAIGNS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | BEHAVIOR | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341877

2.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Community-based promotional campaign to improve uptake of intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in pregnancy in Burkina Faso.
Author: Gies S; Coulibaly SO; Ky C; Ouattara FT; Brabin BJ; D'Alessandro U
Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Mar;80(3):460-9.
Abstract: Malaria preventive strategies in pregnancy were assessed in a health center randomized trial comparing intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) with and without community based promotional activities in rural Burkina Faso. The study involved 2,240 secundigravidae and secundigravidae and evaluated factors associated with antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance and uptake of IPTp-SP. With promotion, 64.2% completed > or = 3 ANC visits compared with 44.7% without (P = 0.05). Complete uptake of IPTp-SP was 71.8% with and 49.1% without promotion (P = 0.008). The IPTp-SP uptake was lowest in adolescents delivering during high malaria transmission with (29%) or without promotion (30%). Uptake of SP was higher during the low transmission season than in the high transmission season (adjusted odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.59-3.03). Community sensitization increased ANC attendance and IPTp-SP uptake. Adolescents were the most difficult to reach, particularly during the high malaria transmission period. The impact of IPTp-SP will be limited unless this high risk group is protected.
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | PROMOTION | CAMPAIGNS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | ANTENATAL CARE | PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | AGE FACTORS | SEASONAL VARIATION | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Marketing | Communication Programs | Communication | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Medicine | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 331127

Peer Reviewed

Title: Correlates of HIV testing among South African women with high sexual and substance-use risk behaviours.
Author: Luseno WK; Wechsberg WM
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Feb;21(2):178-84.
Abstract: Despite its importance in raising awareness of HIV risk behaviour and in linking HIV-positive individuals to care and treatment, research findings indicate that the HIV antibody testing rate in the general South African population remains relatively low, although knowledge of HIV testing services is high. The identification of important correlates of testing behaviour can be used to improve HIV testing campaigns by refining messages that target individuals at highest risk for infection. This study uses data from an ongoing prevention intervention study in Pretoria, South Africa to identify factors that may have a greater influence on facilitating or hindering HIV testing among South African women who face a high risk for infection. The data for this study (n=425) are derived from the baseline interviews and HIV test results collected between June 2004 and January 2007. HIV testing for this study was significantly associated with education level, alcohol and cannabis use, sex trading, number of STI symptoms, physical abuse and number of visits to a clinic for medical treatment. Results suggest that more focused efforts need to be made to provide HIV testing to women who report substance use behaviour, experience violence and report high-risk sexual behaviour. Interventions also need to address denial of HIV infection and fear to test for HIV.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA COLLECTION | CLIENTS | HIV TESTING | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | KNOWLEDGE | CAMPAIGNS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Communication Programs | Communication
Document Number: 330808

Peer Reviewed

Title: A 10-year systematic review of HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns: have we made progress?
Author: Noar SM; Palmgreen P; Chabot M; Dobransky N; Zimmerman RS
Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2009 Jan;14(1):15-42.
Abstract: The purpose of the current study was to conduct a 10-year systematic review of HIV/AIDS mass communication campaigns focused on sexual behavior, HIV testing, or both (1998-2007) and to compare the results with the last comprehensive review of such campaigns, conducted by Myhre and Flora (2000). A comprehensive search strategy yielded 38 HIV/AIDS campaign evaluation articles published in peer-reviewed journals, representing 34 distinct campaign efforts conducted in 23 countries. The articles were coded on a variety of campaign design and evaluation dimensions by two independent coders. Results indicated that compared with the previous systematic review (1986-1998 period), campaigns increasingly have employed the following strategies: (1) targeted defined audiences developed through audience segmentation procedures; (2) designed campaign themes around behavior change (rather than knowledge change); (3) used behavioral theories; (4) achieved high message exposure; (5) used stronger research designs for outcome evaluation; and (6) included measures of behavior (or behavioral intentions) in outcome assessments. In addition, an examination of 10 campaign efforts that used more rigorous quasi-experimental designs revealed that the majority (8 of 10) demonstrated effects on behavior change or behavioral intentions. Despite these positive developments, most HIV/AIDS campaigns continue to use weak (i.e., preexperimental) outcome evaluation designs. Implications of these results for improved design, implementation, and evaluation of HIV/AIDS campaign efforts are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | KENTUCKY | RESEARCH REPORT | CAMPAIGNS | HIV TESTING | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | EVALUATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Communication Programs | Communication | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior
Document Number: 330160

Peer Reviewed

Title: The 2007 Estimates for People at Risk for and Living With HIV in China: Progress and Challenges.
Author: Wang L; Wang N; Wang L; Li D; Jia M; Gao X; Qu S; Qin Q; Wang Y; Smith K
Source: JAIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Apr 1;50(4):414-8.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the methods used for the 2007 estimates for the number of people at risk for and infected with HIV. DESIGN:: Estimation work took place throughout 2007, led by the National Center for AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with United Nations AIDS and the World Health Organization. METHODS: The workbook method was used to process prefecture and county-level surveillance data to generate HIV prevalence by risk group for each prefecture, which was in turn imported into the spectrum model to generate estimates of new infections and HIV-related deaths. RESULTS: The working group estimated that as of 2007, there were 700,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in China, with 50,000 new infections and 20,000 HIV-related deaths in that year. Injection drug use and sexual contact are still primary modes of HIV transmission, with heterosexual contact quickly becoming the dominant route, making up 44.7% of new infections in 2007. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is still highly concentrated in certain areas, with wide variation in prevalence across regions. CONCLUSIONS: The 2007 estimates are based on the most accurate and local-level data available to date, including case reports, sentinel surveillance data, results from mass screening of key target groups, and special epidemiological studies.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SAMPLING STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CHILDREN | PREVALENCE | MEASLES | HIV INFECTIONS | COMPLICATIONS | CAMPAIGNS | IMMUNIZATION | IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Studies | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Communication Programs | Communication | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 330986

Title: Poliomyelitis in Nigeria and West / Central Africa. Poliomyelite au Nigeria, en Afrique de l�Ouest et du Centre.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]
Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record / Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire. 2008 Jun 27;83(26):233-234.
Abstract: Northern Nigeria is currently affected by a new outbreak of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), that has begun to spread internationally. In 2008, a 9-fold increase in new WPV1 cases has been reported compared with the same period in 2007. This new outbreak has the potential to cause major international outbreaks, as occurred in 2003-2006. This year, Nigeria accounts for 86% of WPV1 cases in the world. (excerpt)
Language: EnglishFrench
Keywords:
NIGERIA | POLIO | IMMUNIZATION | INFECTION TRANSMISSION | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | Communication Programs | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 327498

Title: Somalia is again polio-free.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]
Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2008 Apr 4;83(14):117-118.
Abstract: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) announced on 25 March that Somalia is again free of poliovirus, hailing an historic achievement in global public health. Somalia has not reported a case since 25 March 2007. Against a backdrop of widespread conflict, large population movements and a dearth of functioning government infrastructure, transmission of poliovirus in the country has been successfully stopped. This landmark victory is a result of the efforts of greater than 10 000 Somali volunteers and health workers who repeatedly vaccinated greater than 1.8 million children aged less than 5 years by visiting every household in every settlement multiple times, across a country ranked one of the most dangerous places on earth. The use of innovative approaches tailored to conflict areas was pivotal in stopping polio in the country. These included increased community involvement and the effective use of monovalent vaccines to immunize children in insecure areas with several doses within a shortperiod of time. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOMALIA | SUMMARY REPORT | POLIO | CAMPAIGNS | IMMUNIZATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication Programs | Communication | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 325931

Title: Documentation of a campaign to end violence against women and girls and to promote gender equality in India. MASVAW: Men�s Action for Stopping Violence against Women.
Author: Bhandari N
Source: Kathmandu, Nepal, Save the Children Sweden, Regional Office for South and Central Asia, 2008. 38 p.
Abstract: Men's Action for Stopping Violence Against Women or MASVAW is a network of over 175 individuals and 100 organisations, a member based campaign in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal. These men have decided to bring about a change within themselves and in other men to raise their voice against traditional patriarchal values and challenge stereotypical notions of what it means to be a man. MASVAW believes in public action, at the core of which is self change. Boys and men raise their voices against violence against women and gender inequality through agitations, campaigns, media reactions, public debates, discussions, workshops and seminars. As the campaign looks ahead, it becomes important to find more points of entry in work with boys and men. Working with men as fathers, promoting positive fatherhood could be one such way. Expanding networks nationally, regionally and globally, using the MenEngage platform will lead to a larger impact. MASVAW's work with women and children will alsohelp human rights practitioners find and strengthen the link between the women's movement and child rights movement. As it looks ahead, MASVAW is looking forward to strengthening children's participation in its campaign, especially targeting younger boys in schools and families. Today, MASVAW is striving to be a learning network, by conducting regular documentation, monitoring changes and evaluating its work. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROGRESS REPORT | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | CAMPAIGNS | MEN | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Demographic Factors | Population | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 327606

10.

Title: 2008 National Youth Shadow Report: Progress Made on the 2001 UNGASS Declaration of Commitment on HIV / AIDS. India.
Author: Borges PF; Piplani H
Source: New York, New York, Global Youth Action Network, Global Youth Coalition on HIV / AIDS, 2008. 14 p.
Abstract: A comprehensive and thorough review was undertaken by a team of youth researchers on the existing documentation and literature on HIV and AIDS policies, national plans and strategies, financial allocations, programs and schemes regarding youth access to information, education and communication (IEC) and services as well as the avenues for youth participation in the HIV/AIDS response. The information obtained was then analyzed to identify relevant achievements and gaps. Then, recommendations were made accordingly to bring in the youth perspective on the identified issues. Key Findings: 1. In National AIDS Control Plan-III (NACP III), the Government of India has finally recognized the heterogeneity of youth in India and categorized young people into three groups based on the level of their risk and vulnerability to HIV infection for effective HIV prevention programming. 2. Increasing access to condoms as well as encouraging communities to provide free testing facilities and early treatment of STIs has been identified as explicit goals by the Ministry of Youth Affairs under NACP III. 3. While the commitment of the central govt towards youth sexual and reproductive health and rights has been strengthened, several state governments still treat youth issues regarding sex and sexuality as 'foreign' and 'against Indian culture.' 4. Substantial amount of funds are being allocated to youth-oriented programs however their proper implementation and service delivery is highly dependent on regional political will as well as social perceptions, with monitoring and evaluation vague at best. 5. Several good programs targeting young people's access to HIV and AIDS services are being implemented by the government in partnership with agencies such as USAID, UNICEF etc. Nonetheless, these programs remain highly localized. 6. The role of youth participation in the country's HIV response has been significantly recognized under the NACP III. The youth potential as agents of change has been acknowledged through schemes such as Red Ribbon Clubs and training of young people as peer-educators, especially for rural districts. 7. The government has finally begun collecting age and gender specific disaggregated data for better HIV programming among youth. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CAMPAIGNS | NEEDS | HIV PREVENTION | PARTICIPATION | CARE AND SUPPORT | EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HUMAN RIGHTS | FUNDS | CONDOMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication Programs | Communication | Economic Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 326136

11.

Title: The effectiveness of a national communication campaign using religious leaders to reduce HIV-related stigma in Ghana.
Author: Boulay M; Tweedie I; Fiagbey E
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 May;7(1):133-141.
Abstract: This article describes the effects of a national mass media and community-level stigma-reduction programme in Ghana, in which national and local religious leaders urged their congregations and the general public to have greater compassion for people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHA). Data were collected from men and women living in three regions, first in 2001 (n = 2 746) and again in 2003 (n = 2 926). Attitudes related to a punitive response to PLHA both improved over time and were positively associated with exposure to the programme's campaign, controlling for potential confounding variables. Respondents in the 2003 survey were 20% more likely than respondents in the 2001 survey to be willing to care for an HIV-infected relative in their own household and 40% more likely to believe that an HIV-infected female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching. Overall, respondents exposed to the campaign were 45% more likely than those not exposed to it to be willing to care for a HIV-infected relative, and 43% more likely to believe that an HIV-infected female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching. Respondents exposed to the campaign also had significantly more favourable scores on an attitude scale measuring the belief that HIV-infected individuals should be isolated from others. The results of this evaluation suggest that mass media channels and religious leaders can effectively address HIV-related stigma on a national scale. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION RESEARCH | SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STIGMA | ATTITUDES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | RELIGION | LEADERSHIP | MASS MEDIA | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 326999

12.

Title: Introduction: The media as sex educators for youth.
Author: Brown JD
Source: In: Managing the media monster: The influence of media (from television to text messages) on teen sexual behavior and attitudes, edited by Jane D. Brown. Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2008 Dec. :6-16. (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U65DP324968-03)
Abstract: Young people learn about norms and expectations for sexual behavior in a number of ways, including from friends, parents, and schools. A variety of factors influence decisions about sexual behavior, including parental communication, peer norms, school-based curricula, religious principles, and community norms. Given the power and scope of media in our culture today, the media permeate all these contexts and influence sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior -- both positively and negatively. The three chapters in this report examine this reality in detail. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL MARKETING | ENTER-EDUCATE | INTERNET | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education | Information Networks
Document Number: 331407

13.

Title: Managing the media monster: The influence of media (fromtelevision to text messages) on teen sexual behavior and attitudes.
Author: Brown JD
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2008 Dec. 128 p. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U65DP324968-03)
Abstract: The goal of this report is to inform practitioners and program providers about what the most up-to-date research says about teens and media influence. Specifically, the publication examines in detail how the media influences -- in positive and negative ways -- teen sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Importantly, the report also offers practical suggestions for how those working with youth can use the media to reach young people and provides suggestions on how best to capitalize on the exploding world of digital media. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL MARKETING | ENTER-EDUCATE | INTERNET | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education | Information Networks
Document Number: 331399

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Cardiovascular disease and global health equity: Lessons from tuberculosis control then and now.
Author: Bukhman G; Kidder A
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2008 Jan;98(1):44-54.
Abstract: Early 20th-century cardiovascular voluntary organizations in the United States drew strength from the well-established antituberculosis movement. By mid-century, heart disease among the young and tuberculosis had declined in this country. The international fight against tuberculosis has gathered force since the 1990s. Meanwhile, support for international cardiovascular interventions has lagged behind. We trace the divergent path of the international cardiovascular movement and suggest ways in which it could once again learn from the trials and achievements of tuberculosis control.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CRITIQUE | CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | TUBERCULOSIS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | INEQUALITIES | CAMPAIGNS | PUBLIC HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Physiology | Biology | Infections | Diseases | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Health
Document Number: 325760

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: POWER for reproductive health: Results from a social marketing campaign promoting female and male condoms.
Author: Bull SS; Posner SF; Ortiz C; Beaty B; Benton K
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2008 Jul;43(1):71-78.
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate effects of a 6-month social marketing campaign on awareness of, attitudes toward and use of female as well as male condoms for 15-25 year-old-women. Methods: Using a time-space sampling methodology, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3407 women at pre-campaign in 12 western U.S. neighborhoods on female and male condom awareness, attitudes, and use. Six of the 12 study neighborhoods were randomly selected to receive the POWER social marketing campaign designed to impact condom knowledge, attitudes, and use. The campaign was followed with another cross-sectional survey of 3,003 women in all 12 study neighborhoods on condom knowledge, attitudes, use and awareness of POWER materials. We compared pre-and post-campaign surveys to determine the efficacy of POWER and conducted post hoc analyses on post-campaign data to determine if exposure to POWER was related to higher levels of positive condom attitudes and norms and condom use. Results: We found no differences between neighborhoods with and without the POWER campaign with regard to our primary outcomes. To diagnose reasons for this null effect, we examined outcomes post hoc examining the influence of POWER exposure. Post hoc analyses show some evidence that exposure to POWER was associated with condom use. In the context of the nested trial, this raises concerns that post test only evaluations are limited. Conclusions: Establishing the efficacy of a social marketing campaign is challenging. This group randomized trial showed a null effect. Social marketing campaigns may need to have more media channels and saturation before they can show behavioral effects. Using a nested design with randomization at the community level and probability sampling introduces rigor not commonly seen in evaluations of social marketing campaigns. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | COLORADO | GEORGIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | CONDOM USE | FEMALE CONDOMS | CONDOMS | CAMPAIGNS | PROMOTION | SOCIAL MARKETING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | FAMILY PLANNING | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Asia, Southwestern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Communication Programs | Communication | Marketing | Economic Factors | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 327343

16.

Title: Representations of HIV/AIDS management in South African newspapers.
Author: Campbell C; Gibbs A
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 Jul;7(2):195-208.
Abstract: In South Africa, numerous strong policy statements emphasise the importance of involving communities in HIV/AIDS management, yet in practice such involvement tends to be tokenistic and minimal. Social representations in the public sphere constitute the symbolic dimension within which responses to HIV and AIDS are conceptualised and transformed into action. Through an analysis of newspaper articles, we explore the dominant representations of HIV/AIDS management circulating in the South African public sphere and examine how community engagement is depicted. We highlight the way media representations reflect narrow understandings of HIV and AIDS as a predominantly medical problem, while depicting HIV/AIDS management as a top-down activity dominated by prominent individuals, such as national leaders, health professionals and philanthropists, thus marginalising the role played by communities, who are often depicted as passive recipients of interventions by active outsiders. These representations fail to reflect the key role played by members of grassroots communities in responding to the HIV epidemic. Such representations provide flawed conceptual tools for shaping responses to the epidemic, given that HIV-related programmes are unlikely to have optimal outcomes unless they resonate with the perceived needs and interests of their target communities, as we contend that effective HIV/AIDS management is best achieved through active participation by communities in HIV/AIDS management strategies. We discuss the implications of a more 'civic-minded journalism.'
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | JOURNALISTS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | EPIDEMICS | NEWSPAPERS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | CAMPAIGNS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Communications Personnel | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Printed Media | Mass Media | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication Programs | Program Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 341263

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Using immunization delivery strategies to accelerate progress in Africa towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
Author: Clements CJ; Nshimirimanda D; Gasasira A
Source: Vaccine. 2008 Apr;26(16):1926-1933.
Abstract: Integration of health services brings together common functions within and between organizations to solve common problems, developing a commitment to a shared vision and goals, and using common technologies and resources to achieve these goals. Integration has been the frustrated rally call of Primary Health Care for 30 years. This paper discusses the process of integrating child survival strategies and other heath services with immunization in Africa. Immunization is arguably the most successful health programme throughout the continent, making it the logical vehicle for add-on services. Strong health systems are the best way of delivering cost-effective child survival interventions in a most sustainable manner. But the reality in many African countries is that health systems have been weak for a number of reasons. Joining additional cost-effective child survival interventions on to immunization services may provide the needed boost. The unacceptably high childhood mortality in parts of Africa makes it the ideal location to undertake this exercise. The urgency to scale-up child survival interventions that have proven cost-effective is especially important if the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are to be met by 2015. Africa has more to loose than most in failing to scale up to meet these goals, bearing as it does the highest burden of childhood mortality in the world. But so far, prospects do not look good for achieving MDG-4 for the countries with the highest mortality rates. The timeliness of this initiative towards integration could not be better. In the last five years, countries in Africa have received massive injections of financial resources for polio eradication and measles control as well as additional funding for a range of immunization-strengthening activities and the introduction of new and under-utilized vaccines. While the data to support integration are limited, the information to hand suggests the effectiveness of the strategy. Where immunization performance is strong, immunizationcontacts may be excellent vehicles for additional interventions such as de-worming or Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). But where an immunization service is struggling, adding another child survival intervention on to immunization might be the straw that breaks its back. Health managers have a wide range of options for adding on to immunization services, but the best choice will depend very much on local situations. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | CHILD SURVIVAL | HEALTH SERVICES | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | IMMUNIZATION | CAMPAIGNS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Programs
Document Number: 325531

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The measles campaign in West and Central Africa: remembering the future [editorial]
Author: De Groot A; Bamba SI; Bougoudogo F
Source: Vaccine. 2008 Jul 23;26(31):3783-6.
Abstract: The rainy season was once the harbinger of measles and child deaths in Western Africa, but measles has now become so uncommon that some younger West African doctors have never seen a single case. A series of successful measles campaigns were carried out in the late eighties through the early part of this century in West Africa--these campaigns have almost eliminated measles in Mali, the thirtieth poorest country in the world. This article provides a retelling of the measles campaigns that were carried out in West Africa during that time period for young doctors and vaccine researchers. The power of vaccination to stop an endemic disease from killing between 5 and 20% of children under the age of five living in rural villages in West and Central Africa is recalled, and the importance of vaccination for the improvement of human life is considered deserving of renewed emphasis.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, WESTERN | AFRICA, CENTRAL | RESEARCH REPORT | FIELD REPORT | MEASLES | VACCINES | IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE | CAMPAIGNS | SEASONAL VARIATION | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Immunization | Primary Health Care | Communication Programs | Communication | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 328568

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Relationship between occurrence of Guillain-Barre syndrome and mass campaign of measles and rubella immunization in Iranian 5-14 years old children.
Author: Esteghamati A; Gouya MM; Keshtkar AA; Mahoney F
Source: Vaccine. 2008 Sep 15;26(39):5058-5061.
Abstract: Case reports and epidemiologic studies have reported a relation between different vaccines including measles, rubella, mumps and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). In this study we investigated relation between receiving measles and/or rubella vaccines and occurrence of GBS after national immunization campaign in 2003 in Iran. We used the national surveillance system for acute flaccid paralysis from the beginning of 2002 to the end of 2004 and studied the incidence of GBS disease among 5-14-year-old children. The 3-year time span of the study was divided into fifteen 10 weeks intervals and the number of reported and confirmed GBS case reports in each time period was analyzed supposing their distribution was according to Poisson distribution. From 2002 through 2004 there were 370 patients confirmed GBS case reports among persons 5-14 years of age. The annual incidence in this age group remained relatively constant over the 3-year period and ranged from 0.65 per 100,000 population in 2004 to 0.76 in 2003. The estimated average annual incidence of GBS in persons <15 years of age was 1/100,000 (CI 95%: 0.88-1.13), and 0.7/100,000 in persons 5-14 years of age (CI 95%: 0.58-0.83). No obvious seasonal pattern in GBS occurrence was observed. The mean number of GBS patients during each 10 week study interval was 23.8. Twenty-five patients with GBS were reported in the time period which coincided with national immunization campaign. The probability of occurring >or=25 cases of GBS in that time period according to Poison distribution with expected case numbers of 23-8 is equal to 0.43 (p = 0.43). The yearly incidence rate of GBS in this study was similar to other studies. According to our results, there was no increase in GBS Incidence in the 4 weeks national Immunization campaign and 6 weeks after it in comparison to other 10 weeks periods before or after this time period. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CHILDREN | CAMPAIGNS | IMMUNIZATION | VACCINES | MEASLES | RUBELLA | INCIDENCE | NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication Programs | Communication | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 328170

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The cost of Child Health Days: a case study of Ethiopia's Enhanced Outreach Strategy (EOS).
Author: Fiedler JL; Chuko T
Source: Health Policy and Planning. 2008 Jul;23(4):222-33.
Abstract: Child Health Days (CHDs) are twice-annual campaign-style events designed to increase the coverage of vitamin A and one or more other child health services. Although more than two dozen countries have had a CHD, little has been published about them. This paper presents an activity-based costing study of Ethiopia's version of CHDs, the Enhanced Outreach Strategy (EOS). The December 2006 round reached more than 10 million beneficiaries at an average cost per beneficiary of US$0.56. When measles is added, the cost of the package doubles. Given the way the distribution day delivery system and the service package are structured, there are economies of scope. Because most of the costs are determined by the number of delivery sites and are independent of the number of beneficiaries, other things equal, increasing the beneficiaries would reduce the average cost per beneficiary. Taking into account only the mortality impact of vitamin A, EOS saved 20,200 lives and averted 230,000 DALYs of children 6-59 months. The average cost per life saved was US$228 and the cost per DALY averted was equivalent to 6% of per capita GDP (US$9), making the EOS cost-effective, according to WHO criteria. While CHDs are generally construed as a temporary strategy for improving coverage of supply-constrained systems, inadequate attention has been paid to demand-side considerations that suggest CHDs have an important role to play in changing care-seeking behaviour, in increasing community organization and participation, and in promoting district autonomy and capacity. Recognition of these effects suggests the need for decisions about where and when to introduce, and when to end, a CHD to take into account more than 'just' health sector considerations: they are more broadly about community development. UNICEF played a key role in initiating the EOS and finances 68% of costs, raising concern about the programme's long-term sustainability.
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | CHILDREN | CAMPAIGNS | VITAMIN A | PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE | COST EFFECTIVENESS | MEASLES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication Programs | Communication | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology | Health Services | Health | Evaluation Indexes | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 328447

22.

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A community effectiveness trial of strategies promoting intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso.
Author: Gies S; Coulibaly SO; Ouattara FT; Ky C; Brabin BJ
Source: Malaria Journal. 2008;7:180.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for pregnant women (IPTp-SP) is currently being scaled up in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite high antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance, coverage with the required two doses of SP remains low. The study investigated whether a targeted community-based promotion campaign to increase ANC attendance and SP uptake could effectively improve pregnancy outcomes in the community. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2006 twelve health centres in Boromo Health District, Burkina Faso were involved in this study. Four were strategically assigned to community promotion in addition to IPTp-SP (Intervention A) and eight were randomly allocated to either IPTp-SP (Intervention B) or weekly chloroquine (Control). Primi- and secundigravidae were enrolled at village level and thick films and packed cell volume (PCV) taken at 32 weeks gestation and at delivery. Placental smears were prepared and newborns weighed. Primary outcomes were peripheral parasitaemia during pregnancy and at delivery, placental malaria, maternal anaemia, mean and low birth weight. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of women with > or = 3 ANC visits and > or = 2 doses of SP. Intervention groups were compared using logistic and linear regression with linearized variance estimations to correct for the cluster-randomized design. RESULTS: SP uptake (> or = 2 doses) was higher with (Intervention A: 70%) than without promotion (Intervention B: 49%) (OR 2.45 95%CI 1.25-4.82 p = 0.014). Peripheral (33.3%) and placental (30.3%) parasite rates were significantly higher in the control arm compared to Intervention B (peripheral: 20.1% OR 0.50 95%CI 0.37-0.69 p = 0.001; placental: 20.5% OR 0.59 95%CI 0.44-0.78 p = 0.002) but did not differ between Intervention A (17.4%; 18.1%) and Intervention B (20.1; 20.5%) (peripheral: OR 0.84 95%CI 0.60-1.18 p = 0.280; placental: OR 0.86 95%CI 0.58-1.29 p = 0.430). Mean PCV and birth weight and prevalence of anaemia and low birth weight did not differ between study arms. CONCLUSION: The promotional campaign resulted in a major increase in IPTp-coverage, with two thirds of women at delivery having received > or = 2 SP. Despite lower prevalence of malaria infection this did not translate into a significant difference in maternal anaemia or birth weight. This data provides evidence that, as with immunization programmes, extremely high coverage is essential for effectiveness. This critical threshold of coverage needs to be defined, possibly on a regional basis.
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | PREGNANT WOMEN | NEEDS | ANTENATAL CARE | MALARIA | ANEMIA | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | CAMPAIGNS | TREATMENT | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Communication Programs | Communication | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 328797

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Attitudes of women in Scotland to contraception: a qualitative study to explore the acceptability of long-acting methods.
Author: Glasier A; Scorer J; Bigrigg A
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2008 Oct;34(4):213-7.
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) (i.e. injections, implants and intrauterine methods) has the potential to reduce unintended pregnancies but in the UK these methods are under-used. To inform a campaign planned to increase awareness of LARC, eight focus discussion groups were held with 55 women in two cities in Scotland, UK. Trained interviewers sought spontaneous views of unintended pregnancy and contraception in general, and condoms and pills in particular, and attitudes towards health professionals giving contraceptive advice. Attitudes towards LARC were discussed both before and after women were given detailed information about the methods. RESULTS: Women recognised the importance of using contraception but admitted to taking risks. Pills and condoms were familiar and acceptable despite undesirable side effects. Women were poorly informed about LARC, had firm but incorrect beliefs about their safety and side effects, disliked any method which involved an invasive procedure and/or vaginal examination, and had rather a low opinion of advice given by health professionals. Accurate information was not wholly successful in dispelling negative views of LARC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Many factors influence contraceptive choice. Attitudes towards methods are complex and may be difficult to change. Some barriers to LARC, including the need to see a health professional, cannot be overcome but giving more information about ease of use, reversibility, effects on weight and the positive experiences of other women, as well as describing these methods as lasting rather than long-acting, may help improve acceptability.
Language: English
Keywords:
SCOTLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | WOMEN | ATTITUDES | SATISFACTION | LONGTERM EFFECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | INJECTABLES | IUD | CAMPAIGNS | KNOWLEDGE | BELIEFS | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | Developed Countries | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Time Factors | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Communication Programs | Communication | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Safety | Public Health | Health | Contraceptive Agents
Document Number: 329394

25.

Title: Using media to address adolescent sexual health: lessons learned abroad.
Author: Gurman TA; Underwood C
Source: In: Managing the media monster: The influence of media (from television to text messages) on teen sexual behavior and attitudes, edited by Jane D. Brown. Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2008 Dec. :40-83. (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement No. 5U65DP324968-03)
Abstract: Public health organizations around the globe have crafted mass media interventions addressing reproductive health issues for a variety of audiences, including youth. These interventions have employed a variety of media strategies (e.g. entertainment-education (E-E), social marketing), and media channels (e.g. radio, magazines, television, Internet). Some interventions have been evaluated for effectiveness while others have not. In this chapter, we focus on the evaluation research literature describing the effects of international reproductive health mass media interventions on adolescents and youth. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL MARKETING | ENTER-EDUCATE | INTERNET | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education | Information Networks
Document Number: 331410

26.

Title: The Youth Peer Education Network.
Author: Hacioglu F
Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(4):10-12.
Abstract: Youth Peer Education Network (Y-PEER), is a grouping of more than 500 non-profit organisations and governmental institutions with a membership of over 7,000 young people from 39 countries. The groundbreaking and comprehensive youth initiative of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is involved in adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). The growing global network covers Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East, North and East Africa, and most recently, Brazil. Y-PEER groups young people who are active peer educators, trainers of trainers and youth advocates for adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Its core concept is meaningful participation of young people in the governance, management, coordination, strategic planning, implementation and evaluation of the network's activities. By the end of 2007, Y-PEER had linked up with nearly 7,000 members in all the member countries. The Network continues to evolve and grow as more young people join in. Currently, the website and listserves provide peer educators with access to the state-of-the-art information and techniques on peer education, prevention of STIs and HIV and AIDS and other sexual and reproductive health-related topics. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | EXPERIMENTAL MODELS | YOUTH | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | PEER EDUCATORS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | CELEBRITIES | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | ADVOCACY | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | INTERNET | SEX EDUCATION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CAMPAIGNS | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Influentials | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Training Programs | Information Networks | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Communication Programs
Document Number: 323162

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Social marketing: No longer a sideshow.
Author: Harvey PD
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2008 Mar;39(1):69-72.
Abstract: For many years the social marketing of contraceptives was held to be an interesting but not a central part of the international family planning movement. The heavy lifting, everyone thought, would be performed by government programs, managed by developing country government agencies that would provide services and contraceptives free of charge. This attitude is changing. Although government programs are still the largest family planning service providers in many countries, the contraceptive needs of poor populations are increasingly being met by a wide variety of independently managed contraceptive social marketing (CSM) programs and by a growing number of commercial contraceptive suppliers. In 2005, social marketing programs served the contraceptive needs of 36.7 million couples in 73 countries and provided hundreds of millions of condoms for HIV/AIDS prevention. This contribution means that social marketing programs accounted for about six percentage points of the contraceptive prevalence in thedeveloping world (excluding China), and roughly 20 percent of the birth spacing methods used by couples in developing countries. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | URBAN POPULATION | SOCIAL MARKETING | PRIVATE SECTOR | HIV PREVENTION | CAMPAIGNS | CONTRACEPTION | COMMUNICATION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | ADVERTISING | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | POVERTY | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marketing | Macroeconomic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication Programs | Family Planning | Promotion | Programs | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 324970

28.

Title: Sixteen days of activism against gender-based violence in Burkina Faso.
Author: Ilse J; Simon S
Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(3):14-15.
Abstract: Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world with 70 out of 100 people living on less than US$2 a day.1 Women are particularly affected by poverty as they are generally more vulnerable both economically and socially due to illiteracy. The 2007 and 2008 Human Development Report states that in Burkina Faso, 38% of the children under five years are underweight. The report further states that literacy among the 15-24 year youth category stands at 33 % for boys and 27% for girls. Primary school enrolment stands at 51% but with a very low secondary and tertiary enrolment rate for girls.
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | EVALUATION REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CAMPAIGNS | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | ILLITERACY | HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES | HIV PREVENTION | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Women's Status | Diseases | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Social Discrimination
Document Number: 323158

29.
Title: Modeling the effect of information campaigns on the HIV epidemic in Uganda.
Author: Joshi H; Lenhart S; Albright K; Gipson K
Source: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. 2008 Oct;5(4):757-70.
Abstract: The increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa over the past twenty-five years continues to erode the continent's health care and overall welfare. There have been various responses to the pandemic, led by Uganda, which has had the greatest success in combating the disease. Part of Uganda's success has been attributed to a formalized information, education, and communication (IEC) strategy, lowering estimated HIV/AIDS infection rates from 18.5% in 1995 to 4.1% in 2003. We formulate a model to investigate the effects of information and education campaigns on the HIV epidemic in Uganda. These campaigns affect people's behavior and can divide the susceptibles class into subclasses with different infectivity rates. Our model is a system of ordinary differential equations and we use data about the epidemics and the number of organizations involved in the campaigns to estimate the model parameters. We compare our model with three types of susceptibles to a standard SIR model.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | CAMPAIGNS | IEC | INFORMATION | EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION | HIV PREVENTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Communication Programs | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior
Document Number: 331009

30.

Title: Good news on measles boosts vaccination campaigns.
Author: Kapp C
Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2008 Jan;8(1):13.
Abstract: According to new data, the global number of measles deaths fell by 68% from 757 000 to 242 000 between 2000 and 2006. This decrease was a result of a spectacular 91% reduction in Africa, where countries rallied behind concerted immunisation campaigns to achieve a rare success story for a continent blighted by public-health failures. In Africa, deaths were cut from 396 000 to 36 000 by implementing the measles reduction strategy, which includes vaccinating all children before their first birthday and providing a second opportunity for measles vaccination through mass vaccination campaigns. "The clear message from this achievement is that the strategy works", said Julie Gerberding, director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which was one of the founding partners of the Measles Initiative, together with WHO, UNICEF, the American Red Cross, and the United Nations Foundation. She said the focus would now move to India, where an estimated 10.5 million children are not immunised. Some178 000 people died of measles in south Asia last year - mostly in India and Pakistan - only 26% down from 2000. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | MEASLES | VACCINATION | CAMPAIGNS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | FUNDS | IMMUNIZATION | HIB DISEASE |