1.  Title: Tools for behavior change communication. Author: Salem RM; Bernstein J; Sullivan TM Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Information and Knowledge for Optimal Health [INFO], 2008 Jan. 8 p. (INFO Reports No. 16) Abstract: Many health and development programs use behavior change communication (BCC) to improve people's health and wellbeing, including family planning and reproductive health, maternal and child health, and prevention of infectious diseases. BCC is a process that motivates people to adopt and sustain healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Sustaining healthy behavior usually requires a continuing investment in BCC as part of an overall health program. The tools in this issue of INFO Reports are meant to help with planning and developing a BCC component in family planning programs. The same tools can be used, however, for any health or development-related BCC program. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | MANAGEMENT | FAMILY PLANNING | MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT | INFORMATION | PRINTED MEDIA | BROADCAST MEDIA | EVALUATION | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | PROGRAM DESIGN | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Organization and Administration | Mass Media | Economic Factors | Programs Document Number: 324693 |
| 2. Title: Young South Africans, broadcast media, and HIV / AIDS awareness: results of a national survey. Author: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; South African Broadcasting Corporation [SABC] Source: Menlo Park, California, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2007 Mar. 58 p. Abstract: HIV prevention efforts in South Africa are at a critical stage. Considerable investment in HIV/AIDS awareness and education through the media and other programs has been made in recent years. Previous surveys have found high levels of awareness among young people about HIV, the means of transmission and the required sexual behavioral modifications. However, surveys have also found that many sexually active youth still do not think of themselves as personally at risk of HIV infection, and misconceptions about the transmission, prevention, and treatment of HIV/AIDS still exist. Broadcast and other media have a crucial role to play in promoting sustained behavior change for HIV prevention. However, more research is needed to understand the reach of current media messaging, as well as the types of messages that resonate most with young people. The purpose of the current study is to help inform the approach of the national public broadcasters and other broadcasters in South Africa to HIV/AIDS messagingand programming in the future, as well as other principal actors in the field of HIV prevention. In order to do this, we conducted a nationwide survey of young South Africans, including questions designed to: Gauge what media young people use and how often they use it; Assess the general attitudes of young people towards broadcast media programming in relation to HIV/AIDS; Measure exposure to and attitudes about various HIV/AIDS communications campaigns that have run on radio and television; Determine young South Africans' general feelings about their lives and their future; Assess the general level of HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge among young people; Measure sexual behavior patterns and perceptions of risk of HIV infection. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | YOUTH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | BROADCAST MEDIA | CAMPAIGNS | HIV PREVENTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV TESTING | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Mass Media | Communication | Communication Programs | Education | Behavior | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 314776 |
| 3. Title: Communication for Healthy Living's campaign improves response to avian influenza in Egypt. Author: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Center for Communication Programs. Health Communication Partnership Source: Communication Impact!. 2007 Feb;(22):2 p. Abstract: Within hours of the confirmation of the first cases of the H5N1 "Avian Influenza" (AI) virus in Egypt on February 17, 2006, all the major state-owned television channels were airing an informative TV spot showing families how to protect themselves from the deadly virus. The Communication for Healthy Living (CHL) Project, whose core partners include the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) and the Ministry of Information/State Information Service (MOI/SIS), worked well before any outbreak, under the "Your Health Is Your Wealth" Program, to develop an integrated package of communication interventions. Their goal was to develop a quick, unified and effective response to any outbreak. As a result of this concerted effort, which included broadcast and print materials as well as community outreach activities, 86 percent of the adult population--an estimated 38 million people--were able to recall messages from the campaign. Seventy-eight percent of those--nearly 30 million people--reported taking at least one protective action, including avoiding contact with birds, keeping children and the elderly away from poultry, and washing their hands and utensils more carefully after preparing poultry. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EGYPT | SUMMARY REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | CAMPAIGNS | INFLUENZA | INFECTION PREVENTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | TELEVISION PROGRAM | BROADCAST MEDIA | PRINTED MEDIA | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | HOTLINES | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Behavior Change | Behavior | Television | Mass Media | Organization and Administration | Information | Programs | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 310008 |
4.  Title: Knowledge on malaria transmission and its prevention among schoolchildren in Kyela District, south-western Tanzania. Author: Edson F; Kayombo EJ Source: Tanzania Health Research Bulletin. 2007;9(3):207-210. Abstract: A school-based study was carried out to assess the knowledge on malaria and its prevention among children in Kyela District, south-western, Tanzania in August-September 2004. A total of 400 schoolchildren (age=10-20 years) from four schools were selected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge on malaria transmission, methods of prevention, source of information and use of mosquito nets. More than 85% of the respondents were knowledgeable on malaria and preventive measures. Sources of information about malaria and its control were mainly from their teachers (47.4%), print materials (21.9%), family members (20.4%), television and radio (7.3%) and medical personnel (2.2.%). The perceived best control measures were untreated nets (32.1%), treated nets (21.4%), environmental management (25.7%) and burning mosquito coils and insect repellents (20.8%). Availability of mosquito nets was relatively high (70%), but only 38% of the pupils were using insecticide treated nets (ITNs).Low ITN use was due to its unavailability (57.5%), cost (35%) and foul smell and fear of side effects (7.5%). These findings suggest schoolchildren are aware about malaria and its prevention methods, but are not well-informed of the benefits of using ITNs. More education and advocacies on use of ITNs to parents and children is needed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | TEACHERS | FRIENDS AND RELATIVES | MALARIA PREVENTION | KNOWLEDGE | MALARIA | INFECTION TRANSMISSION | INFORMATION SOURCES | BED NETS | PRINTED MEDIA | BROADCAST MEDIA | PESTICIDES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Information | Parasite Control | Public Health | Health | Mass Media | Communication | Ingredients and Chemicals Document Number: 325118 |
5.  Title: Harnessing the UN system into a common approach on communication for development. Author: Servaes J Source: International Communication Gazette. 2007;69(6):483-507. Abstract: In the UN system, conflicts and contradictions seldom concern the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as such, but rather the means of achieving them. These differences of opinion about priorities, and about how much and to whom development aid or assistance should be directed, could be explained by analysing the ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions underpinning the general perspectives in the communication for development (C4D) field. Theoretical changes in the perspective on development communication (modernization, dependency, multiplicity) have also reached the level of policy-makers. As a result, different methodologies and terminologies have evolved, which often make it difficult for agencies, even though they share a common commitment to the overall goals of development communication, to identify common ground, arrive at a full understanding of each other's objectives, or to cooperate effectively in operational projects. Consequently, it is difficult for development organizations in general and UN agencies in particular to reach a common approach and strategy. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | UN | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | ADVOCACY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | HEALTH POLICY | MODERNIZATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Communication | Behavior | Policy | Social Change | Mass Media Document Number: 322440 |
| 6. Title: First-ever multi-year Pan-African HIV / AIDS broadcast media campaign launched as part of broader HIV public education effort by African broadcast companies. Coca Cola Africa Foundation provides major funding for television and radio messaging. News release. Author: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Source: Johannesburg, South Africa, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006 Sep 22. [2] p. Abstract: Johannesburg, South Africa -- Thirty seven major broadcast companies across 24 African countries working together as the African Broadcast Media Partnership Against HIV/AIDS (ABMP) today unveiled plans for the first-ever multi-year pan-African HIV/AIDS public education campaign. To be launched simultaneously across the participating companies on World AIDS Day (December 1) 2006, the campaign is part of a broader five-year effort to substantially increase the amount of HIV/AIDS-related programming by African broadcasters, including the targeted public service ads (PSAs) announced today as well as expanded HIV-themed content across genres, including news, public affairs and entertainment programming. The goals of the campaign are to increase awareness of HIV/AIDS, encourage behaviour change, and reduce stigma. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | BROADCAST MEDIA | TELEVISION | RADIO | HEALTH EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | PUBLIC HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | ADVERTISING | PRIVATE SECTOR | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | STIGMA | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Mass Media | Communication | Education | Health | Promotion | Marketing | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 309892 |
| 7. Title: AIHA launches national anti-TB awareness campaign in Moldova. Source: Connections. 2005 Feb-Mar;:[3] p.. Abstract: Posters, advertisements, and brochures depicting a milkweed seed flying off into the sky, buoyed by a soft breath of air and accompanied by the optimistic slogan: "Tuberculosis Can Be Treated!" set the tone for a national public awareness campaign launched by AIHA in Moldova this past January. In a country where rates of infection with the life-threatening disease have skyrocketed by 98 percent over the course of the past 12 years, the need to increase public knowledge about tuberculosis and the importance of seeking treatment at the first signs of symptoms is more critical than ever, according to Irina Zatusevski, AIHA's senior health communications specialist in Moldova. "With this public awareness campaign, our goal is to ensure that people know more about tuberculosis, its symptoms, and how it can be treated and prevented," Zatusevski explains, stressing that an equally important message being conveyed to the public is the fact that people need to seek prompt medical advice and treatment if they suspect they may have been exposed to TB or recognize some of the telltale symptoms. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MOLDOVA | PROGRESS REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | TARGET POPULATION | CAMPAIGNS | TUBERCULOSIS | INFECTION PREVENTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | PRINTED MEDIA | Developing Countries | Europe, Eastern | Europe | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication Programs | Communication | Infections | Diseases | Education | Mass Media Document Number: 297216 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: The effectiveness of media use in health education: evaluation of an HIV / AIDS television campaign in Ethiopia. Author: Farr AC; Witte K; Jarato K; Menard T Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2005 Apr-May;10(3):225-235. Abstract: An effective vehicle to change behaviors is entertainment education. To demonstrate entertainment education effects, researchers must first indicate that participants have been exposed to their program. Exposure to effective programs has been associated with increases in knowledge about program topics, attitude change, and self-efficacious perceptions. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new exposure technique that accurately and precisely determines direct exposure levels to Ethiopia’s Journey of Life. Overall, the study found very high listenership, storyline recall, liking of the program, and strong desire to change behavior while maintaining low error rates in terms of verbatim recall of storylines and reported listenership to a fictitious program. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | CAMPAIGNS | HEALTH EDUCATION | BEHAVIOR | CHANGES | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | BROADCAST MEDIA | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Communication Programs | Communication | Education | Social Change | Mass Media | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 288060 |
| 9. Title: Mechai Viravaidya: sex, condoms and HIV prevention. Source: Choices. 2004;:8-9. Abstract: For most human beings on earth, condoms are the best means of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. It is time to forget embarrassment caused by condoms. It is the only life saver we have, and the condom is a wonderful and friendly product. In fact, today, it is a girl's best friend. If one is embarrassed by the condom, one should be more embarrassed by the tennis ball, which has more rubber in it. Maybe at Wimbledon they should give out condoms while watching tennis matches. I would hope that more people would get involved in condom manufacturing and promotion. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | THAILAND | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | INFLUENTIALS | YOUTH | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | CONDOM USE | BROADCAST MEDIA | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Education | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Mass Media Document Number: 303860 |
| 10. Title: The media and HIV / AIDS: making a difference. Author: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]. Global Media AIDS Initiative; Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Source: Geneva, Switzerland, UNAIDS, 2004 Jan. 25 p. (UNAIDS/03.58E) Abstract: The media have a pivotal role to play in the fight against AIDS. It is often said that education is the vaccine against HIV. Many media organizations are rising to the challenge by promoting awareness of HIV/AIDS and educating listeners and viewers about the facts of the epidemic and how to stop it. According to national surveys conducted in the United States, 72% of Americans identify television, radio and newspapers as their primary source of information about HIV/AIDS, more than doctors, friends and family. Similar statistics have also been reported in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the world. In a survey carried out in India more than 70% of respondents said they had received their information about HIV/AIDS from television. Clearly, media organizations have an enormous influence in educating and empowering individuals to avoid contracting HIV. Doing so with maximum efficiency, however, requires a clear understanding of the challenges and the obstacles to widespread and effective HIV-prevention education. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | BROADCAST MEDIA | EPIDEMICS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | HEALTH EDUCATION | ENTER-EDUCATE | CAPACITY BUILDING | CAMPAIGNS | SOAP OPERA | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Mass Media | Communication | Social Problems | Education | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication Programs Document Number: 280618 |
| 11. Title: Key findings from: This is my reality: the price of sex. An inside look at Black urban youth sexuality and the role of the media. Author: Motivational Educational Entertainment [MEE]; National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2004 Jan. [8] p. Abstract: This document presents key findings from This is My Reality—The Price of Sex: An Inside Look at Black Urban Youth Sexuality and the Role of the Media, a powerful new report from MEE (Motivational Educational Entertainment) Productions, Inc., experts in understanding and communicating with urban and ethnic youth. The MEE report provides insights into the sexual attitudes and beliefs of Black urban youth aged 16–20, who live in households with less than $25,000 in annual income. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy supports MEE’s efforts to understand what low-income Black urban youth really think about issues related to sex and pregnancy, and applauds its candor and its commitment to understanding a segment of teens that is often overlooked, but that is at high risk for pregnancy. Any effort that can help support those teens at greater risk helps advance the National Campaign’s goal to reduce teen pregnancy nationwide. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | YOUTH | BLACKS | URBAN POPULATION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SEX EDUCATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | BROADCAST MEDIA | SAFER SEX | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Education | Behavior | Mass Media | Communication | Health Document Number: 273793 |
| 12. Title: Mixed results for Thailand. Author: Bardon A Source: New Courier. 2004 Oct;:40-42. Also available in French and Spanish. Abstract: Sporting a perpetual grin, Khun likes to make conversation as he drives his songthaew, a collective taxi that cruises the streets of Chiang Mai, second largest city in the country about 800 kilometres from Bangkok. A cheerful man, unfazed by the suffocating heat that weighs on the city at the start of the rainy season or by the uninterrupted roar of traffic, Khun is telling the story of his life. His life before, when he was a dishwasher in a London hotel, or his life now, with his wife, two daughters...and his mistresses. Khun confides that sometimes he has adventures. What about AIDS? In response he opens the glove compartment and takes out a box of condoms, hidden behind a jumble of music tapes and old papers. "I never go out without them," he says, holding up the box. Khun, 43, is part of that generation of Thais hardest hit by the epidemic. Between the mid-1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, the virus spread throughout the country at devastating speed, particularly in the northern region, which remains the most affected by the disease. In 1988, the percentage of drug addicts infected with the virus went from 0 to 30% in six months. Just in Chiang Mai, a 1989 study showed that 44% of the prostitutes were HIV-positive. In 1991, at the height of the epidemic, 143,000 new infections were counted in the country's population of 62 million. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | PROGRESS REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | GOVERNMENT | SEX WORKERS | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | CAMPAIGNS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Education | Mass Media | Communication | Communication Programs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems Document Number: 297480 |
| 13. Title: AIDS at 21: media coverage of the HIV epidemic 1981-2002. Author: Brodie M; Hamel E; Brady LA; Kates J; Altman DE Source: Columbia Journalism Review. 2004 Mar-Apr;(2 Suppl):1-8. Abstract: HIV/AIDS took the U.S. by surprise in the 1980s, and it continues to be a health epidemic with unique characteristics. As a news topic, HIV/AIDS has not only been a health story, but also one about arts, culture, taboo, sexuality, religion, celebrity, business, and politics on the local, national, and global stage. Media coverage of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has, at times, helped shape the policy agenda, while also reflecting current policy discussions, debates and important events. In many cases, the news media have served as an important source of information about the epidemic for the public. In an October 2003 survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 72% of the U.S. public said that most of the information they get about HIV/AIDS comes from the media, including television, newspapers, and radio. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | STATISTICAL STUDIES | KAP SURVEYS | YOUTH | MASS MEDIA | HIV INFECTIONS | NEWS COVERAGE | PUBLIC OPINION | EPIDEMICS | BROADCAST MEDIA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 287149 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: UN urges broadcasters to air AIDS programmes. Entertainment is better than factual films for increasing awareness. Author: Brown H Source: Lancet. 2004 Jan 24;363(9405):295. Abstract: UN secretary-general Kofi Annan hosted a roundtable meeting at the UN headquarters in New York on Jan 15 to launch the Global AIDS Media Initiative—a project to help increase awareness of AIDS by use of international media. Executive representatives from over 20 broadcast media companies were invited to pledge their support and to commit airtime to entertainment programmes involving AIDS-related storylines. “As leaders of the media, you have the power and the reach to disseminate the information people need to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS”, Annan told delegates. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POPULATION AT RISK | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | UNAIDS | BROADCAST MEDIA | PRIVATELY SPONSORED PROGRAMS | CAMPAIGNS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Research Methodology | AIDS | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Mass Media | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication Programs Document Number: 190193 |
| 15. Title: Messaging HIV / AIDS. Author: Crompton BS Source: Global AIDSLink. 2004 Jun-Jul;(86):18-19. Abstract: Stigma attached to HIV/AIDS is often layered upon preexisting stigmas surrounding sexual conduct, drug use and sex work, with HIV-positive people often perceived as belonging to these groups, regardless of whether or not they actually are. This is very damaging to prevention efforts, not only because of the discrimination that these groups suffer, but also because it sets up a false sense of security among the general public. Existing to stimulate debate on global development issues, and working from offices in 11 countries, the Panos Institute provides in-depth information on the social and economic causes and consequences of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the developing world. In addition, Panos plays a key role in the development of contemporary approaches to HIV/AIDS communication. We urge a critical examination of the role of the media, one that goes much further than portraying the media primarily as a vehicle for information dissemination. Information is crucial, but so too are the ways in which it is passed on, and the manner in which voices are granted credibility. As part of our role in HIV/AIDS communication, Panos issued a report on World AIDS Day 2003, "Missing the Message? 20 Years of Learning from HIV/AIDS," that focuses on the ways in which the response to the pandemic has been shaped, with a particular emphasis on how communication, information dissemination and the distribution of health messages have been used. Some of Panos' findings are distilled below. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | MASS MEDIA | RADIO | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | BROADCAST MEDIA | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Communication Document Number: 275548 |
| 16. Title: The reach and impact of radio communication campaigns on reproductive health in Malawi. Author: Meekers D; Van Rossem R; Silva M; Koleros A Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, [2004]. [30] p. Abstract: Several reproductive and HIV/AIDS prevention programs are being implemented to address reproductive health problems and the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Malawi. This paper assesses the reach of selected radio programs about family planning and health, and their impact on discussion of family planning and condom use. Our analysis is based on data from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, which contains information on a representative sample of women aged 15-49 and men aged 15-54. To control for self-selection and endogeneity, we estimate the effect of program exposure on the behavioral outcomes using a two-stage regression model. Exposure to radio programs about family planning and health was very high, particularly for males. Results for both men and women show that those who were exposed to radio programs about family planning and HIV/AIDS were more likely to have discussed family planning with their partner (OR=1.14 for men and 1.13 for women) and to have ever used a condom (OR=1.12 and 1.04, respectively). Exposure to radio programs also increased the relative odds that males ever tried condoms (OR=1.062), but no significant effect was observed for females. Program exposure had no significant effect on condom use in last intercourse for either sex. Radio programs in Malawi have high reach and have a significant impact on family planning discussion. However, their impact on condom use has been very limited. While it is possible that it is too early for these programs to show impact on condom use, this is somewhat unlikely, considering that program reach is so high and that some of the programs have been on the air for several years. To ensure that future radio programs increase their effectiveness in increasing condom use for HIV prevention and family planning, it is recommended that qualitative research be used to inform the design of the key campaign messages. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MEN | WOMEN | USAID | AIDS PREVENTION | BROADCAST MEDIA | IMPACT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING | CONDOM USE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government Agencies | Organizations | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Mass Media | Communication | Health | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 275288 |
| 17. Title: Men's surveys: new findings. Enquetes aupres des hommes : nouvelles revelations.Pesquisas com homens: novos resultados.Encuestas a los hombres : nuevos hallazgos. Author: Salem RM Source: Population Reports. Series M: Special Topics. 2004 Spring;(18):1-23. Abstract: A growing percentage of men are using contraceptive methods, particularly condoms, surveys show. Still, in many surveyed countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, a minority of all men report currently using contraception. Of the 46 countries that have surveyed men about family planning since 1990, 25 are in sub-Saharan Africa, 11 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the remaining 10 in other regions. Twenty countries, most in sub-Saharan Africa, have had more than one national survey since 1990. Most surveys include both married and unmarried men. These surveys are part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS) programs. Surveys of men cover many of the same topics that surveys of women cover, allowing comparisons between men and women in the surveyed countries. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MEN | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONDOM USE | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | SEX BEHAVIOR | BROADCAST MEDIA | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Fertility | Mass Media | Communication | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 276355 |
| 18. Title: [Men's surveys: new findings] Enquetes aupres des hommes : nouvelles revelations. Author: Salem RM Source: Population Reports. Series M: Special Topics. 2004 Spring;(18):1-23. Abstract: A growing percentage of men are using contraceptive methods, particularly condoms, surveys show. Still, in many surveyed countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, a minority of all men report currently using contraception. Of the 46 countries that have surveyed men about family planning since 1990, 25 are in sub-Saharan Africa, 11 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the remaining 10 in other regions. Twenty countries, most in sub-Saharan Africa, have had more than one national survey since 1990. Most surveys include both married and unmarried men. These surveys are part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS) programs. Surveys of men cover many of the same topics that surveys of women cover, allowing comparisons between men and women in the surveyed countries. (excerpt) French Abstract: Selon les enquêtes effectuées, un pourcentage croissant d’hommes utilise des méthodes contraceptives, notamment les condoms. Il n’en reste pas moins que dans un grand nombre de pays étudiés, principalement dans l’Afrique subsaharienne, les hommes qui reconnaissent avoir recours à la contraception sont une minorité. Sur les 46 pays où des enquêtes ont été réalisées depuis 1990 auprès des hommes au sujet de la planification familiale, 25 sont en Afrique subsaharienne, 11 en Amérique latine et aux Caraïbes, et les 10 restants dans d’autres régions. Vingt pays, dont la plupart en Afrique subsaharienne, ont eu plus d’une enquête nationale depuis 1990. La plupart des enquêtes incluent des hommes mariés et célibataires. Ces enquêtes font partie des programmes des enquêtes démographiques et de santé et des enquêtes sur la santé de la reproduction. Les enquêtes auprès des hommes couvrent la plupart des mêmes sujets abordés dans les enquêtes auprès des femmes, ce qui permet d’effectuer des comparaisons entre hommes et femmes dans les pays où ces enquêtes sont réalisées. (extrait) Language: French Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MEN | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONDOM USE | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | SEX BEHAVIOR | BROADCAST MEDIA | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Fertility | Mass Media | Communication | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 308043 |
| 19. Title: [Men's surveys: new findings] Pesquisas com homens: novos resultados. Author: Salem RM Source: Population Reports. Series M: Special Topics. 2004 Spring;(18):1-23. Abstract: A growing percentage of men are using contraceptive methods, particularly condoms, surveys show. Still, in many surveyed countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, a minority of all men report currently using contraception. Of the 46 countries that have surveyed men about family planning since 1990, 25 are in sub-Saharan Africa, 11 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the remaining 10 in other regions. Twenty countries, most in sub-Saharan Africa, have had more than one national survey since 1990. Most surveys include both married and unmarried men. These surveys are part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS) programs. Surveys of men cover many of the same topics that surveys of women cover, allowing comparisons between men and women in the surveyed countries. (excerpt) Language: Portuguese Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MEN | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONDOM USE | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | SEX BEHAVIOR | BROADCAST MEDIA | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Fertility | Mass Media | Communication | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 308044 |
| 20. Title: [Men's surveys: new findings] Encuestas a los hombres : nuevos hallazgos. Author: Salem RM Source: Population Reports. Series M: Special Topics. 2004 Spring;(18):1-23. Abstract: A growing percentage of men are using contraceptive methods, particularly condoms, surveys show. Still, in many surveyed countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, a minority of all men report currently using contraception. Of the 46 countries that have surveyed men about family planning since 1990, 25 are in sub-Saharan Africa, 11 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the remaining 10 in other regions. Twenty countries, most in sub-Saharan Africa, have had more than one national survey since 1990. Most surveys include both married and unmarried men. These surveys are part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS) programs. Surveys of men cover many of the same topics that surveys of women cover, allowing comparisons between men and women in the surveyed countries. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: Los estudios demuestran que un porcentaje cada vez mayor de hombres utiliza métodos anticonceptivos, en especial, preservativos. No obstante, en muchos países estudiados, en especial en África subsahariana, una minoría del total de hombres informa utilizar anticonceptivos. Los 46 países que realizaron encuestas a los hombres sobre planificación familiar desde 1990 se distribuyen de la siguiente forma: 25 en África subsahariana, 11 en América Latina y el Caribe y los restantes 10 en otras regiones. Veinte países, en especial en África subsahariana, han realizado más de una encuesta nacional desde 1990. La mayoría de las encuestas incluyen a hombres casados y solteros. Estas encuestas son parte de los programas de Encuestas de Demografía y Salud (EDS) y Encuestas de Salud Reproductiva (ESR). Las encuestas realizadas a hombres cubren muchos de los mismos temas que las realizadas a mujeres, lo que permite la comparación entre ambos géneros en los países en que se llevaron a cabo. (extracto) Language: Spanish Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MEN | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONDOM USE | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | SEX BEHAVIOR | BROADCAST MEDIA | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Fertility | Mass Media | Communication | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 308045 |
| 21. Title: Report on event impact surveys in Laos. Night activity. TV station. Mobile educational entertainment team bus. Mobile video unit. Peer group education training programmes: barber shops, commercial sex workers. Author: Population Services International [PSI] Source: [Vientiane], Laos, PSI, 2003 Dec. [22] p. (First Report) Abstract: In an effort to assess the basic impact of the various performances and broadcasts on Lao audiences PSI/Laos conducted a simple, questionnaire-based pre-and post-test test on the day of the night activity, TV station, MEET Bus, and MVU. Questionnaire based rapid assessment post tests were conducted two to three months after the completion of the Barber shop and CSW peer education training programmes. Although the target audiences were slightly different for each event, similar messages focusing on STI, HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention as well as condom use, were conveyed to all the groups. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LAOS | RESEARCH REPORT | PEER EDUCATORS | SEX WORKERS | DRAMA AND THEATER | FILM AND VIDEO | TELEVISION SPOT | IEC | INFORMATION | EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | EDUCATIONAL METHODS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONDOM USE | KNOWLEDGE | AWARENESS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Mass Media | Television | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Educational Activities | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 322374 |
| 22. Title: The treatment of AIDS in Soul Buddyz: a multimedia campaign for children's health in South Africa. Author: Goldstein S; Usdin S; Scheepers E; Anderson A; Japhet G Source: In: The children of Africa confront AIDS: from vulnerability to possibility, edited by Arvind Singhal and W. Stephen Howard. Athens, Ohio, Ohio University Press, 2003. :193-210. (Ohio University Research in International Studies. Africa Series No. 80) Abstract: South Africa has more people living with HIV/AIDS than any other country in the world. An estimated 4.7 million people there are infected with the HIV virus. While the country has a reasonable GDP per capita ($6,900 in 1999), the distribution of wealth is skewed. Many people live below the poverty line. The apartheid system caused huge social dislocation, tearing families apart and making migration a way of life. The education system for black South Africans was downgraded and systematically undermined. While the present South African constitution promotes equality, women are disempowered. Women and children face the highest levels of poverty, and the level of violence against women is very high. Compared to most of the continent, the reach of media in South Africa is particularly good: television reaches about threequarters of the population, radio reaches over 90 percent, and newspapers reach 40 percent. According to UNICEF, there are 316 radio sets and 118 TV sets for every thousand people. The population of South Africa is young. Some 40 percent of South Africans are under eighteen; there are about 13 million children between five and eighteen. Each year a large cohort of young, vulnerable South Africans becomes sexually active. As most of the AIDS deaths occur among people twenty to fifty years old, many children have parents, siblings, and relatives who either are HIV positive, are sick and need care, or have died. By 2005 one million South African children will be AIDS orphans. Soul Buddyz uses a multimedia intervention to motivate and mobilize communities to support the health and social needs of South Africa's children. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | FORMATIVE RESEARCH | CHILD | YOUTH | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | AIDS | CHILD HEALTH | TREATMENT | SEX EDUCATION | PRINTED MEDIA | BROADCAST MEDIA | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | Education | Mass Media Document Number: 186139 |
| 23. Title: Sara: a role model for African girls facing HIV / AIDS. Author: McKee N; Aghi M; Carnegie R; Shahzadi N Source: In: The children of Africa confront AIDS: from vulnerability to possibility, edited by Arvind Singhal and W. Stephen Howard. Athens, Ohio, Ohio University Press, 2003. :171-192. (Ohio University Research in International Studies. Africa Series No. 80) Abstract: One of the fundamental causes of the spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is gender inequality within a context of income disparity and poverty. Not only are females biologically more susceptible than males to infection with HIV, they are more at risk because of sociocultural conditioning. In many parts of Africa, the manifestations of this inequality can be seen at an early age. Girls have fewer opportunities than boys. They are seen primarily as future child bearers and nurturers. At an early age girls are socialized to perform subservient roles. When older, they often lack crucial psychosocial skills, such as the ability to communicate assertively, to think critically, to make decisions and negotiate, to solve problems in social relationships, to resist pressure, and to cope with emotions and conflict. African girls enter into relationships with the opposite sex as unequal partners. Many interventions and much research have focused on adolescents, yet the gender-based socialization of boys and girls continues to create unequal power in sexual relationships, putting young women at a disadvantage. This has grave implications for young girls, given the rapid spread of' HIV. The Sara stories had to address a range of factors that influence the behavior of African adolescents (from ten to nineteen). Stories had to be informative while motivating people to change; they also had to address the skills to act, while reflecting environmental factors that might facilitate or impede positive change. In addition to broadcasting Sara videos and a radio series, the use of Sara print materials in formal and informal educational settings was deemed equally important. It was recognized that group processes, including interactive learning methods, are required to develop psychosocial lifeskills. With gender inequality driving the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa, the challenge for the SCI creators was formidable. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | FORMATIVE RESEARCH | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | HIV | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | INEQUALITIES | EDUCATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | PRINTED MEDIA | BEHAVIOR | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Mass Media Document Number: 186138 |
| 24. Title: Allow more private radio, TV channels, speakers tell roundtable. [Selon les intervenants à la table ronde, il faut la création de plus de chaînes privées de radio et de TV] Source: Daily Star. 2002 Oct 29;3(1118):[5] p.. Abstract: This news article summarizes the proceedings at a roundtable on "Evaluation of past activities for flourishing democracy and free flow of information and future course of action" organized by the Ministry of Information in Bangladesh. Speakers underscored the need for more private radio and terrestrial television channels and urged the government to arrange double-way transmission of electronic media. Suggested measures to ensure timely dissemination of information were mentioned. French Abstract: Cet article journalistique résume les débats d'une table ronde, sur "L'évaluation des activités passées pour une démocratie développée et un flux libre d'information et le cours futur de l'action", organisée par le Ministère d'Information au Bangladesh. Les orateurs ont fait ressortir la nécessité de plus de stations privées de radio et de chaînes terrestres de télévision et ont conseillé vivement au gouvernement d'élaborer la transmission à double voie des médias électroniques. Les mesures suggérées pour assurer la diffusion pertinente de l'information ont été mentionnées. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | BROADCAST MEDIA | RADIO | TELEVISION | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Mass Media | Communication Document Number: 172897 |
| 25. Title: United Kingdom. BBC's Sexwise provides critical sexual health information worldwide. [Royaume-Uni. L'émission " Sexwise " de la BBC fournit des informations critiques sur la santé sexuelle à un public mondial] Source: Making the Connection. 2002;2(1):6-7. Abstract: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) are working together to speak to people in their own languages about sexual health and reproductive rights through a program called Sexwise. Sexwise consists of a Web site, book, and radio programs that have been translated into 22 languages by the BBC in collaboration with IPPF and national Family Planning Associations. The program, which has spanned the globe in three phases, aims to provide listeners, readers, and online users with accurate information about sexual health issues along with useful contacts about sexual and reproductive rights. Hence, this collaboration between BBC and IPPF shows how industry and nongovernmental organizations can successfully link their missions to promote public health and well-being. French Abstract: La British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) et l'International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) travaillent ensemble pour parler aux gens, dans leurs propres langues, au sujet de santé sexuelle et des droits de la reproduction à travers un programme appelé Sexwise. Sexwise consiste en un site Web, un livre, et des programmes de radio qui ont été traduits dans 22 langues par la BBC en collaboration avec l'IPPF et les Associations nationales de Planification Familiale. Le programme, qui a couvert le monde dans trois phases, a l'intention de donner l'information précise aux auditeurs, aux lecteurs et aux utilisateurs en ligne au sujet de questions sur la santé sexuelle avec des contacts utiles pour les droits sexuels et de reproduction. Ainsi, cette collaboration entre la BBC et l'IPPF montre comment l'industrie et les organisations non-gouvernementales peuvent lier leurs missions, avec succès, afin de promouvoir la santé publique et le bien-être. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALITY | HEALTH EDUCATION | INFORMATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | RADIO PROGRAM | INDUSTRY | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | IPPF | COORDINATION | Human Rights | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Mass Media | Communication | Radio | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organizations | International Agencies | Organization and Administration Document Number: 166131 |
| 26. Title: Proceedings of the Workshop on Rural Radio and Food Security, Rome, 5-9 November 2001. Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO]. Sustainable Development Department. Research, Extension and Training Division. Extension, Education and Communication Service. Communication for Development Group Source: Rome, Italy, FAO, Sustainable Development Department, Research, Extension and Training Division, Extension, Education and Communication Service, Communication for Development Group, 2002. viii, 109 p. Abstract: Food insecurity is closely linked to under development. To combat hunger and achieve food security, a sustainable development is imperative. One of our central interests is the Extension, Education, and Communication Service (SDRE) has been the role of communication in achieving this sustainable development. The employment of various means of the media promote participatory mobilization of communities where our projects are being carried out, has strongly inclined us to encourage the use of the radio. We have chosen to support rural and community radio, to reach and mobilize rural populations. This Workshop on "Rural Radio and Food Security" was one of the cooperation initiatives that brought together rural radio broadcasters from selected African countries with representatives of the World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters (AMARC), the Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (DCFRN) and the FAO. It is out hope and desire that it presented a fruitful opportunity to all who participated, enabling them to share views, knowledge and experiences, especially those most relevant to the fight against hunger. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | WORKSHOPS | RURAL POPULATION | AUDIENCES | BROADCAST MEDIA | NUTRITION | FOOD SUPPLY | AGRICULTURE | FORESTS | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | Education | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mass Media | Communication | Health | Natural Resources | Environment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 176400 |
| 27. Title: Uzbekistan: media reforms under attack. Author: Institute for War and Peace Reporting Source: London, England, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 2002 Jun 14. 2 p. (RCA No. 124) Abstract: This news article reports on the assessment by the Committee for the Protection of Journalists (CPJ) of Uzbekistan's newspapers and broadcasters. The assessment concluded that no positive changes had resulted from government abolition of censorship since critical articles are still met with punishment and the nation's press remains virtually unchanged. However, president's spokesman Sherzod Kudratkhodjaev described the group's conclusions as a hasty statement, adding that immediate results could not be expected. Language: English Keywords: UZBEKISTAN | MASS MEDIA | JOURNALISTS | NEWSPAPERS | BROADCAST MEDIA | POLITICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Central | Asia | Communication | Communications Personnel | Printed Media Document Number: 168706 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Factors influencing participation in national immunization days in Kumasi, Ghana. Author: Browne EN; Bonney AA; Agyapong FA; Essegbey IT Source: Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. 2002;96(1):93-104. Abstract: A study of the factors influencing participation in national immunization days (NID) in Kumasi, Ghana was carried out between the April and June of 1999. Polio-immunization coverage during NID was assessed among children aged <5 years; >90% of these children had received polio vaccinations on both of the two previous NID. The mothers who participated most in the NID tended to be those who were better educated and Ghanaian. Mothers who were salaried workers participated fully in NID. Radio and television played a major role in public education about NID, whereas the attitude of health workers was a strong factor that prevented many mothers/caregivers from bringing their children to be immunized. The coverage of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was assessed in children aged 12–23 months; nearly 70% of these children were fully immunized. BCG had the highest coverage (97.0%) and measles the lowest (79.1%). Again, full coverage of the children of mothers who had been educated beyond primary level was higher than that of the other children (75.9% v. 65.2%), and coverage of the children of Ghanaian women was higher than that of the others (70.8% v. 50.0%). Although the mothers/caregivers raised concerns about the costs of the routine immunizations, these charges apparently did not prevent them from taking their children to be immunized. NID complement the routine EPI-associated work in Ghana, increasing overall polio-immunization coverage. The results of this study will be used to improve the overall performance of immunization programmes, especially in the Kumasi metropolis. Hopefully, sustained, increased polio-immunization coverage will contribute positively towards polio eradication in Ghana. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | CHILD | HOUSEHOLDS | IMMUNIZATION | POLIO | TUBERCULOSIS | MEASLES | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | INFORMATION | BROADCAST MEDIA | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Health | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Mass Media | Communication Document Number: 275027 |
| 29. Title: Armenia : independent channel kicked off air. [Arménie : une chaîne indépendante interdite d'émission] Author: Gazazian A Source: London, England, Institute for War and Peace Reporting [IWPR], 2002 Jul 4. 3 p. (Caucasus Reporting Service No. 136) Abstract: This news article reports on the rejection of Armenia's court of appeals on the appeal of independent A1 Plus television channel to win back its broadcasting license. It also presents an overview of the case of Nikol Pashinian, editor of the opposition paper Aikakan Zhamanak against civil aviation chief Eritsian Ovanes who sued his paper for libel and offensive language. French Abstract: Cet article journalistique rapporte le rejet de la Cour d'Appel de l'Arménie concernant l'appel de la chaîne de télévision privée A1 Plus pour gagner sa licence de diffusion. Il présente aussi une vue d'ensemble du cas de Nikol Pashinian, éditeur de l'article de l'opposition Aikakan Zhamanak contre le chef de l'aviation civile Eritsian Ovanes qui a poursuivi en justice son article pour diffamation et propos offensifs. Language: English Keywords: ARMENIA | BROADCAST MEDIA | GOVERNMENT | COURT DECISION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southwestern | Asia | Mass Media | Communication | Political Factors | Litigation Document Number: 169433 |
| 30. Title: Women launch India's first community radio. Author: Gupta A Source: Action. 2002 Oct;(247):5. Abstract: India's first community radio has been launched at Orvakallu in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. The women members of the Mandal Ikya Sangham, who spent over Rs 25,000 to set up the radio station, named Mana Radio, formally launched the station. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | COMMUNITY | RADIO | BROADCAST MEDIA | MASS MEDIA | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Communication | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Economic Development Document Number: 176500 |
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