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Title: Family Health International's Site Identification and Development Initiative (SIDI).
Author: Family Health International [FHI]
Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, [2009]. [3] p. (Research Briefs on HIV Prevention)
Abstract: Successful HIV prevention research requires the participation of tens of thousands of women and men at risk for HIV infection. Ultimately, success hinges on the development of multiple international research sites. To increase the number and readiness of such sites, Family Health International (FHI) began the Site Identification and Development Initiative (SIDI) in July 2006.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | ASIA | PROGRESS REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | HIV PREVENTION | INCIDENCE | NEEDS | USAID | GOALS | STANDARDS | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331712

Title: Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the Implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty Adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference, 3-5 February 2009, Bangkok. Report.
Author: United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]
Source: Bangkok, Thailand, ESCAP, 2009. 38 p.
Abstract: The Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference was held at the United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok from 3 to 5 February 2009. The Expert Group Meeting was organized by the Social Policy and Population Section, Social Development Division, ESCAP in collaboration with the UNFPA Asia and the Pacific Regional Office. The meeting benefited from background papers and country reports prepared by resource persons and representatives of governments.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | ESCAP | POPULATION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | GENDER ISSUES | MIGRATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331854

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Title: 'And they kill me, only because I am a girl'...a review of sex-selective abortions in South Asia.
Author: Abrejo FG; Shaikh BT; Rizvi N
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Feb;14(1):10-6.
Abstract: The low social status of women and the preference for sons determine a high rate of sex-selective abortion or, more specifically, female feticide, in South Asian countries. Although each of them, irrespective of its abortion policy, strictly condemns sex-selective abortion, data suggest high rates of such procedures in India, Nepal, China and Bangladesh. This paper reviews the current situation of sex-selective abortion, the laws related to it and the factors contributing to its occurrence within these countries. Based on this review, it is concluded that sex selective abortion is a public health issue as it contributes to high maternal mortality. Abortion policies of South Asian countries vary greatly and this influences the frequency of reporting of cases. Several socio-economic factors are responsible for sex-selective abortion including gender discriminating cultural practices, irrational national population policies and unethical use of technology. Wide social change promoting women's status in society should be instituted whereby women are offered more opportunities for better health, education and economic participation through gender sensitive policies and programmes. A self-regulation of the practices in the medical profession and among communities must be achieved through behavioural change campaigns.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CHILD, FEMALE | SEX PRESELECTION | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | Developing Countries | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Technologies | Reproduction | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341236

Title: The relationship of family size and composition to fertility desires, contraceptive adoption and method choice in South Asia.
Author: Jayaraman A; Mishra V; Arnold F
Source: International Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;35(1):29-38.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Many countries in South Asia, including Nepal, India and Bangladesh, demonstrate a strong cultural preference for sons, which may influence fertility desires and contraceptive use. METHODS: Demographic and Health Survey data from married, nonpregnant women aged 15-49 who had at least one child were used to examine the relationship of parity and number of sons to reproductive outcomes in Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Outcomes of interest were desire for another child, contraceptive use and type of contraceptive (modern vs. traditional, temporary vs. permanent). Odds ratios and relative risk ratios were calculated using binary and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In general, desire for another child decreased and contraceptive use increased as the number of children and number of sons increased. These associations were more prominent in Nepal and India than in Bangladesh. For example, compared with women who had three daughters and no sons, the odds of contraceptive use among women with two sons and one daughter were 4.8 in Nepal, 3.5 in India and 2.0 in Bangladesh. Within India, the associations of parity and number of sons with reproductive outcomes were generally stronger in northern states than in South India or West Bengal. CONCLUSIONS: Son preference remains widespread in all three countries and has a major influence on reproductive behavior. Reducing such preference would require a change in social norms and attitudes of the people and an improvement of the status of women.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | NEPAL | BANGLADESH | INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SONS | SEX PREFERENCE | FAMILY SIZE | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 341316

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) and Ortho Gynae T380 intrauterine copper device on lipid metabolism--a randomized comparative study.
Author: Ng YW; Liang S; Singh K
Source: Contraception. 2009 Jan;79(1):24-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on lipid metabolism in an Asian population using Ortho Gynae T380 copper containing (nonhormonal) intrauterine device (IUD) as a control. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-two healthy women requesting IUD for contraception were randomly allocated to the two groups and were followed up at 6-, 12- and 18-month intervals. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) and apolipoprotein B were measured pre insertion and at each visit following insertion. RESULTS: There was a marginally significant reduction in TC level in the LNG-IUS group. HDL-C showed a significant reduction in the LNG-IUS group at 6 months but reverted back to its preinsertion value by 1 year. TG, LDL-C and the cholesterol ratios remained stable. Levels of Apo A-I and B also showed no significant reduction in both groups, and their ratios remained stable and insignificant. CONCLUSION: In this randomized comparative study among our local Asian population, it is assuring to note that the LNG-IUS does not have any adverse effects on lipid metabolism.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | ASIANS | LIPIDS | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, PROGESTIN | IUD | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | METABOLIC EFFECTS | Developing Countries | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Physiology | Biology | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Methods
Document Number: 330539

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Summary of proceedings of the IUSTI Global Challenges Symposium (ISSTDR 2007/10th IUSTI World Congress).
Author: Ross JD; Garcia PJ; Zenilman J; Lewis DA; Chan R; Poder A
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Feb;20(2):130-4.
Abstract: Working in our own geographical areas it can be easy to take a parochial view of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and control. But although the problems and challenges faced by STI physicians vary enormously around the world, there are also common themes which can benefit from a common approach. By understanding how health services in different regions identify and address STI control, we can contribute and improve our local services, and contribute to the development of global STI care. At the 17th conference of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research (ISSTDR) in Seattle, a symposium on Global Challenges was organized by the International Union against STIs (IUSTI) to provide feedback from physicians around the world on what they consider to be their greatest challenges. Moderated by Angelika Stary and Kit Fairley, the symposium included contributions from North and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia-Pacific regions. In this article, the speakers' have summarized their talks and provide an insight into the many challenges facing global STI control today. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
LATIN AMERICA | ASIA | AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | TREATMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | Americas | Developing Countries | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Training Programs | Education | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 331168

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13.

Title: Two mifepristone doses and two intervals of misoprostol administration for termination of early pregnancy: a randomised factorial controlled equivalence trial.
Author: von Hertzen H; Piaggio G; Wojdyla D; Marions L; My Huong NT; Tang OS; Fang AH; Wu SC; Kalmar L; Mittal S; Erdenetungalag R; Horga M; Pretnar-Darovec A; Kapamadzija A; Dickson K; Anh ND; Tai NV; Tuyet HT; Peregoudov A
Author: WHO Research Group on Post-ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation
Source: BJOG. 2009 Feb;116(3):381-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 100 mg and 200 mg of mifepristone and 24- and 48-hour intervals to administration of 800 microg vaginal misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy. DESIGN: Placebo-controlled, randomized, equivalence trial, stratified by centre. SETTING: 13 departments of obstetrics and gynecology in nine countries. POPULATION: 2,181 women with 63 days or less gestation requesting medical abortion. METHODS: Two-sided 95% CI for the risk differences of failure to complete abortion were calculated and compared with 5% equivalence margin between two doses of mifepristone and two intervals to misoprostol administration. Proportions of women with adverse effects were compared between the regimens using standard testes for proportions. OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of complete abortion without surgical intervention and adverse effects associated with the regimens. RESULTS: Efficacy outcome was analysed for 2,126 women (97.5%) excluding 55 lost to follow up. Both mifepristone doses were found to be similar in efficacy. The rate of complete abortion was 92.0% for women assigned 100 mg of mifepristone and 93.2% for women assigned 200 mg of mifepristone (difference 1.2%, 95% CI: -1.0 to 3.5). Equivalence was also evident for the two intervals of administration: the rate of complete abortion was 93.5% for 24-hour interval and 91.7% for the 48-hour interval (difference -1.8%, 95% CI: -4.0 to 0.5). Interaction between doses and interval to misoprostol administration was not significant (P = 0.92). Adverse effects related to treatments did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both the 100 and 200 mg doses of mifepristone and the 24- and 48-hour intervals have a similar efficacy to achieve complete abortion in early pregnancy when mifepristone is followed by 800 micrograms of vaginally administered misoprostol.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | ABORTION | RU-486 | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | INTERVENTIONS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Hormone Antagonists | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception
Document Number: 331167 Notification

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Improving maternal and child health in difficult environments: the case for "cross-border" health care.
Author: Walraven G; Manaseki-Holland S; Hussain A; Tomaro JB
Source: PLoS Medicine. 2009 Jan 13;6(1):e5.
Abstract: Health indicators, including levels of maternal and infant mortality, are very different in adjacent geographical border areas of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan. These differences reflect the combined and complex interplay of elements within the different health systems, as well as political, economic, social, and cultural factors. Reducing maternal and child mortality requires focus and balance in all of these dimensions and can best be achieved through service interventions underpinned by general development. A policy promoting "cross-border" health programmes could immediately make available existing resources that could contribute to reducing maternal and child mortality in all three geographical locations. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | INFANT | BORDER CROSSING | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CULTURE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | CHILD SURVIVAL | MATERNAL HEALTH | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Developing Countries | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | International Migration | Migration | Population Dynamics | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality
Document Number: 330709

15.

Title: Case studies in global school health promotion: From research to practice.
Author: Whitman CV; Aldinger CE
Source: New York, New York, Springer, 2009. 408 p.
Abstract: A growing body of research identifies strong links between children's health, social, and educational outcomes. Research also points to the reciprocal benefits of access to quality education on individual and family health status. In response to these findings, the World Health Organization developed the concept of the health-promoting school (HPS). This book, available for purchase, provides readers with examples from more than two dozen countries (representing urban and rural areas in developing and developed nations) that outline the strategies taken to implement HPS programs in individual schools, municipalities, and nations.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | EUROPE | NORTH AMERICA | ASIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | YOUTH | EDUCATION | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | HEALTH | PROMOTION | HEALTH POLICY | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Marketing | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331372

16.
Title: HIV-related lipodystrophy in Africa and Asia.
Author: Womack J
Source: AIDS Reader. 2009 Apr;19(4):131-9, 148-52.
Abstract: This article reviews the medical literature for information about lipodystrophy in Africa and Asia. These 2 regions were selected because both are of particular interest to the declaration for universal access. Africa represents the epidemic's epicenter. Asia, especially India and China, will soon have HIV / AIDS prevalence rates that will outstrip those seen in the rest of the world combined. The methodology is summarized first: how articles were selected, the inclusion and exclusion criteria used, and how information was synthesized. The results and discussion focus on 3 specific areas: how lipodystrophy is defined and measured, the study populations, and the persons excluded from these studies. A summary of what is and what is not yet known about lipodystrophy in Africa and Asia is also included.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | ASIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | UNAIDS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | LIPID METABOLIC EFFECTS | GLUCOSE METABOLISM EFFECTS | DIABETES | HEART DISEASES | RISK FACTORS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | QUALITY OF LIFE | TREATMENT | OBSTACLES | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Lipids | Physiology | Biology | Carbohydrate Metabolic Effects | Metabolic Effects | Health | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341055

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in an Asian country: multilevel ecological factors.
Author: Wong ML; Chan RK; Koh D; Tan HH; Lim FS; Emmanuel S; Bishop G
Source: Pediatrics. 2009 Jul;124(1):e44-52.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal was to assess personal and environmental factors associated with premarital sex among adolescents. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study. Between 2006 and 2008, we recruited 500 adolescents who reported having engaged in voluntary sex for most recent sex. Five hundred control subjects were matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS: Independently significant factors for premarital sex among boys were pornography viewing (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 5.82 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34-14.43]), lack of confidence to resist peer pressure (OR: 3.84 [95% CI: 2.27-6.50]), perception that more than one half of their friends had engaged in sex (OR: 3.37 [95% CI: 1.92-5.92]), permissiveness regarding premarital sex (OR: 3.41 [95% CI: 2.10-5.55]), involvement in gang activities (OR: 3.45 [95% CI: 1.66-7.15]), drinking (OR: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.07-2.94]), smoking (OR: 1.91 [95% CI: 1.14-3.20]), and living in low-cost housing (OR: 3.25 [95% CI: 1.64-6.43]). For girls, additional factors were previous sexual abuse (OR: 7.81 [95% CI: 2.50-24.41]) and dropping out of school (OR: 2.72 [95% CI: 1.32-5.61]), and stronger associations were found for lack of confidence to resist peer pressure (OR: 5.56 [95% CI: 2.94-10.53]) and permissiveness regarding premarital sex (OR: 6.25 [95% CI: 3.30-11.83]). Exposure to persons with HIV/AIDS or sexually transmitted infections in the media was negatively associated with sex for boys (OR: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.16-0.45]) and girls (OR: 0.24 [95% CI: 0.13-0.47]). CONCLUSION: Sex education programs for adolescents must address social, media, and pornographic influences and incorporate skills to negotiate sexual abstinence.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | FILM AND VIDEO | PEER GROUPS | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Mass Media | Communication | Knowledge Sources
Document Number: 342886

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Physical and emotional health outcomes after 12 months of public-sector antiretroviral treatment in the Free State Province of South Africa: a longitudinal study using structural equation modelling.
Author: Wouters E; Heunis C; van Rensburg D; Meulemans H
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009;9:103.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: African and Asian cohort studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited settings. However, reports of the long-term changes in the physical and emotional quality of life (QoL) of patients on ART in these settings are still scarce. In this study, we assessed the physical and emotional QoL after six and 12 months of ART of a sample of 268 patients enrolled in South Africa's public-sector ART programme. The study also tested the impact of the adverse effects of medication on patients' physical and emotional QoL. METHODS: A stratified random sample of 268 patients undergoing ART was interviewed at baseline (< 6 months ART) and follow-up (< 12 months ART). A model of the relationships between the duration of ART, the adverse effects of medication, and physical and emotional QoL (measured using EUROQOL-5D) was tested using structural equation modelling. RESULTS: The improved physical and emotional QoL shown at baseline was sustained over the 12-month study period, because treatment duration was not significantly associated with changes in the patients' QoL. Physical QoL significantly and positively influenced the patients' emotional QoL (subjective well-being [SWB]) (beta = 0.33, P < 0.01). Longitudinal data showed that patients reported significantly fewer adverse effects at follow-up than at baseline (beta = -0.38, P < 0.001) and that these adverse effects negatively influenced physical (beta = -0.27, P < 0.01) and emotional QoL (beta = -0.15, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the South African public-sector ART programme is effective in delivering sustained improvement in patient well-being. However, the results should encourage clinicians and lay health workers to be vigilant regarding the adverse effects of treatment, because they can seriously affect physical and emotional QoL.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | SIDE EFFECTS | QUALITY OF LIFE | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 342913

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Levels of change in adolescent sexual behavior in three Asian cities.
Author: Zabin LS; Emerson MR; Nan L; Chaohua L; Ersheng G
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):1-12.
Abstract: This study explored the dimensions and context of changes in romantic and sexual behaviors of Asian young people at three sites at different stages of modernization: Hanoi (early), Shanghai (intermediate), and Taipei (later stage). The authors conducted a survey of 17,016 males and females aged 15-24 in urban and rural settings in three large metropolitan areas. Survival analysis and Cox regressions were performed to explore ages of respondents at key transitions and the significance of differences between two age cohorts: 15-19 and 20-24. The authors found significant differences in levels of sexual and other transitions, even within the narrow time span reflected by the age cohorts. The findings highlight the differential impact of modernization on adolescent sexual behavior as traditional societies undergo social change, and they underline the importance of context in exploring youthful transitions.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | COHORT ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | URBAN POPULATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | AGE FACTORS | MODERNIZATION | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Economic Factors | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341078

20.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Levels of change in adolescent sexual behavior in three Asian cities.
Author: Zabin LS; Emerson MR; Nan L; Chaohua L; Ersheng G; Minh NH; Chuang YL; Hurng BS; Bishai D; Blum RW
Source: Studies In Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):1-12.
Abstract: Considerable change in the romantic and sexual behaviors of Asian young people may be occurring as traditionally Confucian societies modernize and increase outside contacts. This study explores the dimensions and context of this change in three sites at different stages in the process of modernization: Hanoi (early), Shanghai (intermediate), and Taipei (later stage). A survey was conducted of 17,016 males and females aged 15-24 in urban and rural settings in three large metropolitan areas. Survival analysis and Cox regressions were performed to explore ages of respondents at key transitions and the significance of differences between two age cohorts: 15-19 and 20-24. Significant differences are found in levels of sexual and other transitions, even within the narrow time span reflected by the age cohorts. The findings highlight the differential impact of modernization on adolescent sexual behavior as traditional societies undergo social change, and they underline the importance of context in exploring youthful transitions.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | CHANGES | SOCIAL CHANGE | MODERNIZATION | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341340

21.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Report of the Intergovernmental Conference of Far-Eastern Countries on Rural Hygiene.
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2008 Jan;98(1):40-42.
Abstract: While it is obvious that attention to the problem of rural populations has been an important consideration of Governments for many years, it is evident that, since the Great War. the people of many countries and their Governments realize more strongly than ever that that part of the population living on the land and producing the essential foodstuffs for all has been too often neglected. Governments are realizing more and more their obligations in this matter, and programs working toward the bettering of the social, economic, health and cultural conditions of the country-dwellers are becoming more general and more comprehensive. This present Conference had brought together Governmental representatives from the important countries of the East. The group includes: medical men concerned with curative and preventive medical services, educators, agronomists, specialists in rural reconstruction, sanitary engineers, experts in nutrition, and investigators who are devoting their attention to specific diseases. Statesmen and members of the legal profession who are concerned primarily with administrative duties are also to be found in the group. The development of rural programs reveals, in many instances, that the best results are to be obtained when the different welfare activities are planned and executed simultaneously by a trained staff. The interrelations of the work of the various groups have become more patent, and success in its broad lines rests on a realization of the interdependence of the work of all concerned. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | SUMMARY REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | POPULATION | RURAL AREAS | GOVERNMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | EDUCATION | MALARIA PREVENTION | PUBLIC HEALTH | NUTRITION | HYGIENE | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 323107

22.

Title: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5-6 May, 2008. A report on the conference proceedings.
Author: Asia and the Pacific Regional Forum on Strengthening Partnerships with Faith-Based Organisations in Addressing ICPD (2008: Kuala Lumpur)
Source: [New York, New York], United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA], 2008. 60 p.
Abstract: Building on a legacy spanning three decades, UNFPA Country Offices in the Asia-Pacific region and their faith-based partners came together for a two-day consultation to assess the nature and impact of these partnerships in the areas of maternal health, gender equality, migration and youth welfare. This report documents the experiences and lessons learned from the varied initiatives of faith-based organizations, as well as the best practices emanating from these strategic alliances around the region. The discussions, recommendations for action and the many voices of critical faith-based actors, are all documented in this report.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | POLICYMAKERS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | HUMAN RIGHTS | UNFPA | COORDINATION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | FOREIGN AID | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | UN | International Agencies | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331357

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Title: Semi-annual report, Task Order 1, April 1, 2008-September 30, 2008. Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00.
Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative
Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2008 Sep. 170 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00)
Abstract: The purpose of this task order is to exercise global leadership and provide field-level programming in policy development and implementation. The assistance provided under this procurement is expected to improve the enabling environment for health, making it possible for men and women around the world to obtain and use information and services they need for better health, especially in the areas of family planning and reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and maternal health. Task Order 1 implements a comprehensive and challenging set of corefunded activities with funding from the Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Office of HIV/AIDS, and the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition. To date, the project has received field support funds from 36 country or regional programs. The bureaus for Africa, Asia and the Near East, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean also provide funds for HPI to support their regional activities in health, HIV/AIDS, family planning, and contraceptive security. For the period from April 1, 2008 to September 30, 2008, we report 72 results in 16 country and regional programs. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | ASIA | EUROPE | LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | SUMMARY REPORT | MATERNAL HEALTH | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HEALTH POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Americas | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 331368

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Title: Harm reduction developments, 2008. Countries with injection-driven HIV epidemics.
Author: Open Society Institute. International Harm Reduction Development Program
Source: New York, New York, Open Society Institute, 2008. 80 p.
Abstract: In 2007, injecting drug users (IDUs) comprised the largest share of total HIV cases in at least 20 nations in Asia and the former Soviet Union. The percentage of cases attributed to injecting drug use is over 70 percent in some countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the region where HIV grew fastest in 2006. In many of these countries, harm reduction has made important inroads-all countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union except Turkmenistan had needle exchange programs in 2007. In most, they remain too small to contain the HIV epidemic. Reports that new HIV cases among drug users have stabilized often reflect trends in testing rather than the impact of prevention. In Asia, home to more than half the world's population, even low percentage rates of HIV cases translate into huge numbers of people infected, with profound economic and social implications. China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam all have injection-driven HIV epidemics, and have all shown a willingness to adopt some of the measures necessary to halt the spread of HIV among IDUs and their sexual partners. The challenge for many of the hardest-hit countries, however, lies in turning commitments into practice, without sacrificing protection of human rights. This OSI report provides a snapshot of some key developments in HIV prevention, policy, and treatment for IDUs in developing and transitional countries with injection-driven epidemics, and includes overviews on such issues as community mobilization, methadone and buprenorphine treatment availability, harm reduction in prisons, and HIV treatment for IDUs.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | EUROPE, CENTRAL | EUROPE, EASTERN | SUMMARY REPORT | IV DRUG USERS | PRISONERS | HIV INFECTIONS | EPIDEMICS | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | ADVOCACY | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DRUGS | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 327144

28.

Title: Illuminating the mechanisms of sperm maturation.
Author: Population Council
Source: Population Briefs. 2008 Dec;14(2):[2] p.
Abstract: When sperm leave the testis, they cannot swim or fertilize an egg. Not until they pass through the tube-like epididymis do sperm acquire both of these functions. No one is certain what happens in the epididymis to activate sperm. Population Council cell and molecular biologist Gary Hunnicutt is investigating the mechanisms by which sperm become activated in the epididymis. Gaining an understanding of how this activation occurs may aid in the development of a reversible, nonhormonal male contraceptive. It may also give clues to the origins of, and potential treatments for, some forms of male infertility.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | SUMMARY REPORT | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | SPERM MATURATION | FERTILITY | INFERTILITY | Developing Countries | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproduction | Spermatogenesis | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 331486

29.

Title: Symposium Proceedings. Health Outcomes Research: How Can It Assist Decision-Making for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer and Other HPV Disease in Asia and the Pacific? Bangkok, Thailand, 12 February 2008.
Author: Symposium on Health Outcomes Research: How Can It Assist Decision-Making for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer and Other HPV Disease in Asia and the Pacific? (2008: Bangkok)
Source: Bangkok, Thailand, Family Health International [FHI], Asia / Pacific Regional Office, 2008. 50 p.
Abstract: While cervical cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the most common among women in developing countries, it is among the most preventable and treatable of all cancers. Global guidance on comprehensive programs for cervical cancer control as well as for introduction of HPV immunization has been issued by WHO, and review of the guidance has begun in the Asia-Pacific region. However, initial costs of large-scale HPV immunization have made decision-makers in developing countries of the region reluctant to develop strategies to incorporate HPV immunization vaccines into their programs. Without advocacy efforts and a significant reduction in the price of the vaccine, HPV immunization will not feature prominently on the policy agenda in the region. This report documents the proceedings of an FHI-hosted regional workshop highlighting the role of health outcomes research data and modeling for future decision-making.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CERVICAL CANCER | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | DECISION MAKING | HPV | PREVALENCE | VACCINES | IMMUNIZATION | SCREENING | COST EFFECTIVENESS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PRODUCT APPROVAL | Developing Countries | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Primary Health Care | Examinations and Diagnoses | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Economic Factors | Legislation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 331754

30.


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