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1.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Forensic laboratory evidence in sexually abused children and adolescents.
Author: Young KL; Jones JG; Worthington T; Simpson P; Casey PH
Source: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2006 Jun;160(6):585-588.
Abstract: The objectives were to determine if forensic laboratory evidence could be recovered from alleged sexual abuse victims more than 24 hours after the event and to determine if age or historical factors could be used to determine the need for forensic evidence collections. Design: Retrospective study of hospital records matched with forensic evidence reports from the Arkansas State Crime Laboratory, Little Rock. Setting: The emergency department at Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock. Participants: Eighty children (aged < 12 years) and adolescents (aged = 12 years) who presented to the emergency department within 72 hours of an alleged event of sexual abuse or assault with genital contact. Main Outcome Measures: Cases positive for semen were correlated with age of the victim and postevent length of time to presentation to the emergency department. Of the 80 subjects, 16 had positive findings for semen. All 16 subjects who tested positive for semen presented to the emergency department less than 24 hours after the alleged abuse or assault event (P < .001). Of the 16 subjects who tested positive, 13 (81%) were adolescents. None of the prepubertal children had semen recovered from any body site; semen was recovered only from clothing or linen in those 3 children. Forensic evidence collections from body sites in child and adolescent rape patients are unlikely to yield positive results for semen (1) more than 24 hours after the event and (2) when taken from prepubertal patients. Consideration should be given to amending guidelines regarding forensic evidence collections in child and adolescent sexual abuse or assault victims. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CHILDREN | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUAL ABUSE | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | HOSPITALS | AGE FACTORS | CRIME | LEGISLATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Facilities | Political Factors
Document Number: 303091

Title: What if: How declines in teen births have improved poverty and child well-being in Arkansas.
Author: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy
Source: Washington, D.C., National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005 Apr. 3 p.
Abstract: Years of research have closely linked teen pregnancy and early childbearing to a host of other critical social issues, including overall child health and well-being, out-of-wedlock births, educational attainment and workforce readiness, responsible fatherhood, and poverty in particular -- especially child poverty. For example, young children born to a mother who is a teenager, is not married, and did not finish high school are nine times more likely to be poor than children born to mothers without these three risk factors. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing cost taxpayers at least $7 billion annually and place a serious economic burden on schools and on health, welfare and social service systems. The U.S. teen birth rate declined by 30 percent between 1991 and 2002--a significant decrease that has made major contributions to American communities. Illustrating this very point, the U.S. Congress' Joint Economic Committee completed an analysis in April 2004 that the National Campaign in turn summarized. The congressional study posed an intriguing question: if the nation's teen birth rate had remained at its 1991 level through 2002 (rather than decreasing as it did), how many more children would have been born to teen mothers and to single mothers, and what would have been the effect on poverty and on the living arrangements of children? Findings included the following: if teen birth rates had not declined nationally by 30 percent during that time, there would have been an additional 1.2 million more children born to teen mothers, approximately 460,000 additional children in poverty and almost 700,000 more children living with a single mother. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ONE PARENT FAMILY | BIRTH RATE | POVERTY | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | CAMPAIGNS | FERTILITY DECLINE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 307046

3.
Title: Teen pregnancy and internal poverty.
Author: Cole C
Source: Futurist. 2005 Jan-Feb;:10.
Abstract: Girls are more likely to become pregnant as teens if they have low educational expectations and are not confident that they'll graduate from high school. These "internal poverty" indicators are among the variables contributing most to teen pregnancy, according to a study at the University of Arkansas. Internal poverty describes a person's lack of internal resources, such as attitudes and beliefs that attribute outcomes to individual effort, high future expectations, and few perceived limitations for life options. In addition to low educational confidence and expectations, teenage girls who became pregnant also reported feeling that their future job choices were limited. Girls who later became pregnant were likely also to experience external poverty, such as parents with lower occupational, educational, or economic status. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | SUMMARY REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PARENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | POVERTY | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | SELF-PERCEPTION | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Perception
Document Number: 283603

4.
Title: Social and cultural determinants of attitudes toward abortion: a test of Reiss' hypotheses.
Author: Wang GZ; Buffalo MD
Source: Social Science Journal. 2004;41(1):93-105.
Abstract: This study attempts to test Reiss' hypotheses of the effects of social and cultural variables on abortion attitudes using NORC General Social Survey data 1972-1998. The analysis was done in three steps. First, changes in public opinions on abortion were examined. Second, regression analysis was used to assess the effects of social-cultural variables. Third, we used path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects of the social-cultural variables on abortion attitudes. Empirical findings indicate the importance of education, gender-role attitudes, fundamentalist beliefs, and childbearing motivation in predicting attitudes toward abortion. Policy implications and limitations of the study are discussed. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | RESEARCH REPORT | ANALYSIS | ABORTION | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | RELIGION | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household
Document Number: 287436 Notification

7.
Peer Reviewed

Title: An evaluation of an abstinence education curriculum series: Sex Can Wait.
Author: Denny G; Young M; Rausch S; Spear C
Source: American Journal of Health Behavior. 2002 Sep-Oct;26(5):366-377.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of an abstinence education curriculum series on student outcomes. The series was taught at upper elementary, junior high, and high school levels. A questionnaire was administered to all intervention and comparison students before and after implementation of the curriculum. At the upper elementary level, the curriculum group had better outcomes on knowledge, self-efficacy, and a more hopeful outlook; at the middle school level no differences; at the high school level, findings favored the curriculum group on attitude, behavioral intent, and the sexual behavior variables. Results are encouraging and should be considered by those interested in helping young people postpone sexual involvement. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ADOLESCENTS | ARKANSAS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CURRICULUM | EDUCATION | EVALUATION REPORT | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | SEX EDUCATION | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Schools | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 170906

Title: Abstinence based program effective. [Le programme bas� sur l'abstinence est efficace]
Author: Marano L
Source: [Unpublished] 2002 Oct 3. United Press International report. 3 p.
Abstract: This news article highlights the effectiveness of a non-directive abstinence based sex education program called "Sex Can Wait", developed at the University of Arkansas for upper elementary classes, middle school, and high school students.
French Abstract: Cet article journalistique met en valeur l'efficacit� d'un programme �ducationnel non directif de sexualit� d'abstinence, nomm� "le Sexe peut Attendre", et d�velopp� � l'Universit� de l'Arkansas pour les �l�ves de classes primaires sup�rieures, de coll�ges, et de lyc�es.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | PROGRESS REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | SCHOOLS | STUDENTS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ABSTINENCE | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 172215

Title: Arkansas Supreme Court rules that a fetus is a person.
Author: Reuters
Source: [Unpublished] 2001 May 11 2 p.
Abstract: Under the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, the Arkansas Supreme Court, recognizing a fetus that died with its mother in a botched delivery as a �person� under the state's wrongful death law, but exempting cases of legal abortion, made a ruling in 1995. The ruling was criticized by abortion rights activists due to its potential to overturn the 1974 Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision that legalizes abortion. Prior to the passing of the 1999 law, there was confusion due to the amendment of the Arkansas Constitution in 1988, which was ruled by the US Supreme Court as unconstitutional. However, doubts concerning the State's public policy were settled according to Arkansas Chief Justice W. H. Arnold because the law is no longer constrained by the common-law definition of personhood. In response to the criticisms of the Supreme Court ruling, supporters of the bill passed by the House of Representatives maintained that it was needed to ensure punishment for criminals who harm fetuses or pregnant women.
Language: English
Keywords:
ARKANSAS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | COURT DECISION | FETUS | PERSONHOOD | ABORTION LAW | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Litigation | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Human Rights | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 157830

10.
Title: Does the family cap influence birthrates? Two new studies say "no".
Author: Donovan P
Source: GUTTMACHER REPORT. 1998 Feb;1(1):10-1.
Abstract: Some have argued that imposing a cap upon welfare benefits would reduce birthrates among welfare recipients. However, recent studies in New Jersey and Arkansas determined that denying an increase in cash assistance to women who have another child while on welfare has no effect upon births in the states. When New Jersey became the first state, 4 years ago, to impose a family cap, then-governor James Florio declared the cap a success after just 2 months. An analysis by researchers at Rutgers University released in September 1997 disagrees. While birthrates among welfare recipients declined between August 1992 and July 1995, the decline was no different from that observed in a control group which continued to receive a benefit increase if they had another child. Among both groups, and consistent with birthrates in the general New Jersey population, birthrates fell from 11% in 1992-93 to 6% in 1994-95. These results did not change when researchers controlled for the age and race of the almost 8500 women studied. Abortion rates in the state declined both among women subject to the cap and among the control group. Although researchers studying the impact of the family cap in Arkansas could not determine its effect upon abortion rates because Arkansas fails to pay for abortions under Medicaid, no statistically significant difference was observed between the birthrates of women subject to the cap and a control group. The findings of these 2 studies cast doubt upon the notion that an increase in monthly benefits after the birth of a new baby is an incentive for welfare recipients to have more children.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | NEW JERSEY | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION RATE | BIRTH RATE | LOW INCOME POPULATION | FAMILY ALLOWANCES | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Family Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Government Financing | Financial Activities | Social Change
Document Number: 131620

11.
Title: CRLP in the courts.
Author: Kelly M
Source: REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM NEWS. 1998 Dec;7(9):6-7.
Abstract: In November 1998, an appeals court granted a temporary injunction against Wisconsin's "partial-birth abortion" law finding that it did was unconstitutional because it banned pre-viability abortions, failed to include health exceptions to protect maternal life, and was too vague. The court also took exception with the punishment of life imprisonment noting that such an extreme punishment may make physicians unwilling to perform any abortions. This was the first federal appellate court decision that found constitutional flaws in language modeled after proposed federal legislation. Also in November, a district court in Arkansas permanently blocked Arkansas's "partial-birth abortion" law and noted that it actually prohibited a greater range of procedures. The Center for Reproductive Law and Policy (CRLP) had secured a preliminary injunction against the law in July 1997. In October 1998, CRLP argued before an appeals court that a Charleston, South Carolina, hospital's policy of testing indigent pregnant women (virtually all of whom were Black) for drugs without their consent was unconstitutional and violated several federal laws. Approximately 280 women had been tested since 1989, and those who tested positive for cocaine use were reported to law enforcement officials and arrested days or hours after delivery or while they were pregnant, even though they received no prenatal care or drug treatment in prison.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | WISCONSIN | ARKANSAS | SOUTH CAROLINA | CRITIQUE | COURT DECISION | LEGISLATION | ABORTION | TIME FACTORS | ABORTION LAW | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Litigation | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 137869 Notification

12.
Title: Most teenagers who obtain prenatal care at public clinics discontinue substance use early in pregnancy.
Author: Raab M
Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1998 Jul-Aug;30(4):198-9.
Abstract: Cigarette, alcohol, and illegal drug use patterns before and during pregnancy were investigated in a survey of 248 young women 15-19 years of age who presented to five public prenatal clinics in rural Arkansas in 1993-94 during their first trimester of pregnancy. 61% of respondents were Black and 81% were unmarried. Overall, 79% reported use of any substance prior to the pregnancy and 49% had used at least one substance during their first trimester. At both time points, Whites reported significantly higher rates of substance use than Blacks. 82% of White teens compared with 46% of Blacks had smoked cigarettes in the 6 months before pregnancy; 67% and 39%, respectively, had smoked during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. 42% of Whites and 25% of Blacks had used marijuana in the period before pregnancy; during the first trimester, these rates were 19% and 6%, respectively. 16% of teens in both groups drank during their first trimester. The proportion of respondents using two or more substances fell from 53% (33% of Blacks and 73% of Whites) in the 6 months preceding pregnancy to 3% (9% of Blacks and 3% of Whites) in the first trimester. Overall, 16% fewer adolescents smoked during their first trimester than before conceiving, 65% fewer used marijuana, and 72% fewer used alcohol or other drugs. The decline in alcohol consumption was greater among Whites than Blacks (78% and 63%, respectively), while that in marijuana use was greater among Blacks than Whites (76% and 55%, respectively). Further understanding of the factors underlying ethnic differences in substance use patterns is required to facilitate the design of preventive programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
ARKANSAS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANT WOMEN | ANTENATAL CARE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | WOMEN | TOBACCO USE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | PREVALENCE | WHITES | BLACKS | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | LOW INCOME POPULATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Measurement | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 135396

13.
Title: Substance use among pregnant adolescents: a comparison of of self-reported use and provider perception.
Author: Teagle SE; Brindis CD
Source: JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH. 1998 Mar;22(3):229-38.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study of 248 consecutive pregnant adolescents (15-19 years) presenting to the 5 public prenatal clinics in Pulaski County, Arkansas (US), in 1993-94 investigated ethnic differences in substance use from the perspectives of both the clients and 23 providers. The majority of subjects were African-American (60.5%), unmarried (81.4%), and primiparous (72.1%). 79.4% had experimented with at least 1 substance (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, crack, or cocaine) prior to the index pregnancy. In general, adolescents began by experimenting with cigarette smoking (mean age, 12.4 years), followed by alcohol consumption (mean, 13.8 years), then progressed to marijuana (mean, 14.3 years) and other illegal drugs (mean, 15.2 years). 49% reported substance use during the first trimester of pregnancy. Comparison of self-reported substance use rates 6 months prior to the pregnancy and during the first trimester revealed a 15.8% decline in the proportion of adolescents smoking cigarettes, a 71.6% drop in alcohol consumption, a 64.9% decline in marijuana use, and a 72.2% drop in use of other drugs. In both ethnic groups, adolescent substance users were significantly more likely than nonusers to report that the baby's father, their siblings, and/or close friends used the same substance. Use of each substance before and during pregnancy was significantly higher among White than African-American adolescents, and African-Americans were more likely to discontinue substance use. During pregnancy, White adolescents were more likely to discontinue alcohol use while African-Americans tended to report declines in marijuana use. Provider estimates of substance use tended to be lower than client self-reports.
Language: English
Keywords:
ARKANSAS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ANTENATAL CARE | TOBACCO USE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | PREVALENCE | BLACKS | WHITES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Measurement | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background
Document Number: 132109

14.
Title: Socioeconomic status, race and life expectancy in Arkansas, 1970-1990.
Author: Swanson DA; McGehee MA
Source: JOURNAL OF THE ARKANSAS MEDICAL SOCIETY. 1997 Feb;93(9):445-7.
Abstract: "Earlier research found that high socioeconomic populations in Arkansas experienced an increase in mean life expectancy over low socioeconomic populations between 1970 and 1990. The possibility that these findings are spurious because of race is tested in this paper. Using multivariate analysis in conjunction with estimates of life expectancy by race and socioeconomic status (SES) we find that between 1970 and 1990: (1) Black populations with high SES gained more than three additional years of life expectancy over Black populations with low SES; and (2) White populations with high SES gained more than .5 years of life expectancy over White populations with low SES. These findings support earlier findings that SES plays an instrumental role in differential life expectancy. They also suggest that the effects of SES on life expectancy are moderated differentially for Blacks and Whites." (EXCERPT)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | LIFE EXPECTANCY | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | WHITES | BLACKS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 255153

15.
Title: African American teen mothers' perceptions of parenting.
Author: Wayland J; Rawlins R
Source: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NURSING. 1997 Feb;12(1):13-20.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe childbearing African American teens' perceptions of parenting based on their own experiences. Focus group discussions were held with 17 teens in their school setting for 50 minutes each week. Group discussions were audiotaped, tapes were transcribed, and then analyzed for common themes. The unmarried teens ranged in age from 15 to 18 years. Findings indicated that the teens depended on grandmothers to provide child care and for information about parenting. The teens identified parenting problems including crying, discipline, and conflicts dealing with grandmothers and the child's father. Teens wanted more information about breast feeding and minor childhood diseases. The researchers identified that teens lacked information about their children's growth and development and safety issues. Findings have implications for nurses who care for childbearing teens and their children; and those involved in planning and implementing parent education programs for African American teen mothers and their families. Further research is indicated with larger samples of African American teens; and to explore the context of family relationships in which teen mothers and grandmothers share parenting of the teens' children. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ARKANSAS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | BLACKS | UNMARRIED MOTHERS | PERCEPTION | CHILD REARING | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | INFORMATION | WOMEN | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Mothers | Parents | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 125555

16.
Title: Two appeals panels affirm decisions striking down abortion funding bans.
Source: REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM NEWS. 1995 Jul 28;4(15):2-3.
Abstract: On July 25, 1995, federal appellate courts in Arkansas and Nebraska affirmed lower court decisions invalidating measures that would ban federal funding for abortions for Medicaid recipients except in cases of life endangerment. The proposed measures were even more restrictive than the Hyde Amendment, which permits Medicaid abortions in cases of rape and incest. On the same day, a federal appellate court in Pennsylvania ruled that current reporting requirements for abortion coverage in cases of rape and incest and the two-physician certification mandate in cases of life endangerment violate both the Hyde Amendment and federal Medicaid law.
Language: English
Keywords:
ARKANSAS | NEBRASKA | PENNSYLVANIA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ABORTION LAW | LEGISLATION | ABORTION | FUNDS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 107048 Notification

17.
Title: An AIDS training program for rural mental health providers.
Author: Aruffo JF; Thompson RG Jr; Gottlieb AA; Dobbins WN
Source: PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES. 1995 Jan;46(1):79-81.
Abstract: HIV infection and AIDS were initially concentrated in urban centers, but are now becoming increasingly prevalent in rural communities. The neuropsychiatric complications and psychosocial needs of AIDS patients means that it is important for rural mental health care providers to understand the disease. Rural providers are also important sources for preventive education and the early detection of AIDS. Psychiatric patients are considered to be at high risk for HIV infection, but one study found that only 10% of a group of mentally ill women were asked about sexual issues by someone at their community mental health center. This paper reports findings from a study conducted to examine the effect of an AIDS training program for mental health care providers in Arkansas. 194 mental health care providers in the state, mainly from rural areas and small communities, participated in a four-hour training program between February and June 1993 designed to improve their knowledge about the psychosocial and neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV and AIDS. Participants' responses to questionnaires completed before and after training indicated that the program was successful in achieving its goal. 35% reported having no previous AIDS training, and 24% reported less than five hours of training. 32% of the participants reported never taking a drug and alcohol history, 52% never took a sexual history, and 84% never completed an AIDS risk assessment. The authors emphasize the importance of AIDS training for rural providers.
Language: English
Keywords:
ARKANSAS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | EVALUATION REPORT | KNOWLEDGE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | RURAL POPULATION | MENTAL HEALTH | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | CHANGES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Evaluation | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Social Change
Document Number: 105321

18.
Title: Mean square error confidence intervals for measuring uncertainty in intercensal net migration estimates: a case study of Arkansas, 1980-1990.
Author: Swanson DA; Kintner HJ; McGehee M
Source: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL MEASUREMENT. 1995;21(2):85-126.
Abstract: "Estimates of net migration are virtually always constructed from the standpoint that the mortality underlying a survived population is not stochastic and the census counts framing the intercensal period are error free. There is compelling evidence, however, that mortality should be viewed as a random variable and census counts contain systematic errors. This evidence suggests that net migration accuracy is affected both by random error and bias. We explore the estimation of net migration accuracy by placing 'Mean Square Error' (MSE) confidence intervals around 1980-1990 net migration estimates for Arkansas made using the Forward Life Table Survival Method....We argue that the MSE intervals provide an accurate description of the uncertainty in net migration estimates...." (EXCERPT)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | CASE STUDIES | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | INTERNAL MIGRATION | MORTALITY | SURVIVORSHIP | CENSUS METHODS | ERROR SOURCES | BIAS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Length of Life | Census | Population Statistics | Measurement
Document Number: 242759

19.
Title: Abortion access resisted in USA.
Author: Horton R
Source: Lancet. 1994 Jan 15;343(8890):168-9.
Abstract: In the US, some state Medicaid officials refuse to fund abortions for women who become pregnant due to rape or incest. About 1000 abortions each year in the US are a result of rape or incest. The Medicaid director of Arkansas who is also the chair of the State Medicaid Directors Association wrote President Clinton to inform him that the administration misinterpreted the October 1993 law allowing funding of abortions for women who experienced rape or incest. This dissension poses a problem for officials whose job it is to guide health care reform through Congress. Several influential members of Congress have indicated that they may not support a universal insurance package covering abortion. Further, some states may file lawsuits to challenge the administration's legal interpretation of the law. White House aides did not show a draft letter concerning implementation of the October 1993 law for state Medicaid representatives to President Clinton, even though it was sent to the White House for approval. President Clinton was angry that he learned of the Department of Health and Human Services' directive through the letter from the Medicaid director from Arkansas. Utah does not intend to implement the directive until it sees the results of further legal rulings. The Medicaid officials believe the law requires their prior knowledge of the necessity of an abortion to save the life of the pregnant woman or that the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest. They further contend that the law provides states options. The constitution of some states (e.g., Arkansas) do not allow public funds to be spent on abortion, unless the pregnant woman's life is in danger.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | ABORTION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | TITLE 19 MEDICAL ASSISTANCE | RAPE | INCEST | MATERNAL MORTALITY | HEALTH INSURANCE | ABORTION LAW | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Administrative Personnel | Public Assistance | Government Financing | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 092466 Notification

20.
Title: Knowledge and attitudes of Norplant among adolescent females.
Author: Kozlowski KJ; Ohlhausen WW; Warren AM; Hendon A; Davis P; Rickert VI
Source: ADOLESCENT AND PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGY. 1994;7(2):69-75.
Abstract: Female research assistants recruited at least 192 female adolescents attending an outpatient adolescent gynecology clinic at Arkansas Children's Hospital in Little Rock during October 1991-May 1992 into a prospective study that examined the teenagers' knowledge and attitudes towards the contraceptive implant system Norplant. Specifically, the researchers were interested in the knowledge and attitudes concerning visibility, general safety, skin discoloration, and irregular menses. High levels of knowledge about Norplant were significantly linked to adolescents currently using Norplant (odds ratio [OR] = 11.31; p < 0.001), being sexually active (OR = 3.42; p < 0.05), and positive history of pregnancy (OR = 2.76; p < 0.03). Visibility concerns were related to higher income (OR = 1.02), being sexually active (OR = 3.5), and currently using Norplant (OR = 13.7). Concerns for both general safety and irregular menses were associated with current Norplant use (OR = 4.4 and 6.2, respectively). Prior history of pregnancy was the only variable associated with concerns about skin discoloration (OR = 2.7). These findings suggest that, at each visit, health care providers need to discuss potential side effects of Norplant and potential cosmetic changes to achieve patient satisfaction and successful continuation of Norplant.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MENSTRUATION DISORDERS | DERMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 101193

21.
Title: Evaluation of a clinic for pregnant adolescents.
Author: Patterson RJ; Ellerbee S; Powell MJ; Thompson PJ; Jackson E
Source: JOURNAL OF THE ARKANSAS MEDICAL SOCIETY. 1994 Aug;91(3):131-4.
Abstract: A random retrospective review of the Teen Obstetrical Parenting Perinatal Services (TOPPS) clinic medical records for 1985-89 was completed on 120 adolescent mothers (30 charts for each year). The purpose of this study was to evaluate maternal and infant outcomes related to the goals of the TOPPS clinic located at University Hospital on the UAMS campus in Little Rock, Arkansas. The clinic was cofounded by L. L. Doyle, Ph.D., who is now professor of obstetrics/gynecology at UAMS, and B. Rouse, R.N., M.N.Sc., who is a clinical associate professor at UAMS, College of Nursing. The outcomes measured were nutritional status as measured by maternal weight gain, infant birth weight, gestational age, and Apgar scores. Referrals to appropriate agencies during pregnancy were also reviewed. Analysis of the data revealed that 31% of clients received documented nutritional counseling, 60.2% of the babies were healthy (88% term and 87% appropriate for gestational age), and documented referrals (i.e. WIC, AFDC, Medicaid, etc.) were made in 32% of the cases. Conclusions were that both mothers and infants had positive outcomes. Documentation of referrals needs to be improved or rationale stated for non-referral. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ARKANSAS | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANT WOMEN | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | MATERNAL NUTRITION | INFANT NUTRITION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Health | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Nutrition
Document Number: 125580

22.
Title: Act No. 575 [15 March 1991. Section 1.
Author: United States. Arkansas
Source: ARKANSAS CODE OF 1987 ANNOTATED. 1993;:1 p. Code Section 20-27-302.
Abstract: This Act adds to the Public Health and Welfare section of the Arkansas Code of 1987 Annotated provisions requiring individuals and companies collecting blood products for the purpose of resale or distribution used in the treatment of human disease to do the following: a) inform the donor that the blood will be tested for HIV infection and other blood-borne diseases and inform the donor of tests results; b) report positive results, including the donor's name, to the Department of Health for contact tracing and partner notification and to donor referral registries; c) refrain from using donations of blood products or plasma until the donor has been found free of HIV infection; and d) repeat any screening tests that are positive.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | LAWS AND STATUTES | HIV INFECTIONS | TESTING | BLOOD SUPPLY | BLOOD DONORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Equipment and Supplies
Document Number: 086701

23.
Title: Prognosis: controversy.
Author: Carlson M
Source: TIME. 1993 Jul 19;142(3):52.
Abstract: Joycelyn Elders, a 59-year-old Arkansas public-health director was nominated to be US Surgeon General. Senate confirmation hearings starting in July, 1993, may not predict how she will perform in the future. She was the only Black woman in her class at the University of Arkansas. Later, as a physician, she tried to wake up Arkansas citizenry to the health crises in teenage pregnancy and AIDS by promoting sex education, birth control, and freedom of choice on abortion. Just after her appointment in 1987, Elders was asked if school-based clinics would dispense contraceptives, and she replied yes. Her reputation has provoked a coalition of national right-to-life groups to challenge her nomination. The White House contends it is ready to fight for this nominee. She made enemies traveling Arkansas preaching the consequences of irresponsible sex. Elders attacks her religious-right critics as non-Christians with slave-master mentalities. In 1992, at an abortion-rights rally, she ridiculed abortion foes about their love affair with the fetus. She planned to provide Norplant to crack-addicted woman who sell sex to buy drugs, get pregnant, and have crack-addicted babies. Despite her outspoken style, she has a normal family life with her husband of 33 years and his mother. The Elders have 2 grown sons.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | PUBLIC HEALTH | POLICYMAKERS | POLITICAL FACTORS | CONDOMS | PRO-CHOICE GROUPS | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Health | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Interest Groups | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 083834 Notification

24.
Title: Neurotologic presentation of sagittal sinus thromboses associated with oral contraceptive usage.
Author: Dickins JR; Graham SS
Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY. 1993 Nov;14(6):544-7.
Abstract: In Little Rock, Arkansas, a 38-year old woman presented at a clinic with unilateral facial paralysis. Hearing was normal. Stapedial reflexes were absent. A physician prescribed 80 mg prednisone/day with a slowly diminishing dose. 10 days after paralysis onset, she suffered from sudden increasing pain on the right side of her head, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. The next day, she had a 90% reduction of facial nerve function. MRI showed thrombosis of the sagittal sinus, right transverse and sigmoid sinus, and right jugular bulb. After hospital admission, prednisone was reduced to 40 mg/day. She had tenderness at the right mastoid tip and total right facial paralysis. The arteriogram verified the thrombosis. She also had a single pulmonary embolus. She had a shortened prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. Her steroid medication was changed to dexamethasone sodium phosphate with a tapering dose. She has been using the oral contraceptive (OC) Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 for about 16 months before onset of thromboses. Since she had no infectious or neoplastic disease, OCs were most likely responsible for the thromboses. Another woman taking Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 for 6 months had a severe headache, nausea, vomiting, a stopped-up right ear, and muffled pulsatile tinnitus on the left side. The next day, the 39-year-old suffered photophobia, diarrhea, and severe headache. An emergency physician and a neurologist examined and treated her for suspected ear infection and severe migraine, respectively. Symptoms did not wane. A referral to a neurotologist found her to be normal, except for a slight increase in stapedial reflexes on the right side. During hospitalization, an MRI found right mastoid and sigmoid thromboses. During mastoidectomy, cultures were taken from the mastoid mucosa and the sinus thrombus. 4 days later, she had a 6th nerve paralysis. She was released on a tapered steroid dosage schedule. A hematologist prescribed salicylate therapy daily. Eventually the symptoms disappeared. In both cases, the patients were advised never to use OCs again and not to conceive.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | CASE STUDIES | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED | THROMBOSIS | PULMONARY EMBOLISM | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | SIDE EFFECTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Oral Contraceptives | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Thromboembolism | Embolism | Vascular Diseases | Diseases | Treatment | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 094752

25.
Title: 1990 census of population and housing: summary social, economic, and housing characteristics. Arkansas.
Author: United States. Bureau of the Census
Source: Washington, D.C., Bureau of the Census, 1992 Jun. [xiii], 320, [116] p. (1990 CPH No. 5-5)
Abstract: This is one in a series of publications presenting data from the 1990 U.S. census. This report presents population and housing data for the state of Arkansas. Selected social characteristics, educational status, employment status, disability status, and income levels are enumerated. (ANNOTATION)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | CENSUS | TABLES AND CHARTS | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | INCOME | STATISTICS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 236544

26.
Title: AIDS and family planning counseling of psychiatrically ill women in community mental health clinics.
Author: Coverdale JH; Aruffo JF
Source: COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL. 1992 Feb;28(1):13-20.
Abstract: 82 mental health professionals including psychiatrists and 80 female chronic psychiatric patients (50% schizophrenia and 37% schizoaffective and affective disorders), both groups from 5 public funded university affiliated county mental health clinics in the US, completed questionnaires concerning AIDS and family planning. 87% of the mental health professionals believed they should take responsibility to educate patients about family planning and 95% said they should educate them on AIDS. 73% of patients felt mental health professionals should provide family planning information and 87% felt that the professionals should inform them about AIDS. Yet only 19% of mental health professionals had talked to their patients about AIDS and 8% of patients brought AIDS up as an issue. The corresponding numbers for family planning were 25% and 12%. Female professionals were more likely to discuss family planning than male professionals (p<.05), but both male and female professionals were equally as likely to discuss AIDS. Mental health professionals tended to underestimate the percentage of patients who sought medical treatment outside the mental health clinics and the percentage of patients who had accurate knowledge about AIDS (p<.05). For example, only 43% of the mental health professionals claimed that patients had seen a physician in the past year while 76% of the patients said that they did indeed visit a physician in the past year. 82% of mental health professionals said that patients were anxious during sexual history taking, but only 27% of patients actually reported being anxious (p<.05). These results indicated that their is a definite lack of communication between mental health professionals and patients. The overestimation of patient anxiety during sexual history taking may represent anxiety on the part of the mental health professionals.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | TEXAS | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | KAP SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | MENTAL HEALTH | HEALTH PERSONNEL | PHYSICIANS | PSYCHIATRY | STAFF ATTITUDE | AIDS PREVENTION | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING | MENTAL DISORDERS | PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS | COMMUNICATION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | WOMEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Medicine | Health Services | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Interpersonal Relations | Primary Health Care | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 072092

27.
Title: Should the government buy "good behavior"?
Author: Pressner SJ
Source: RESPONSIVE COMMUNITY. 1992 Winter;2(1):75-8.
Abstract: The Norplant proposal is a new initiative in which the government offers case incentives to encourage socially preferred behavior, as poverty is caused by a deficit of socially acceptable behavior. In Wisconsin, teenage mothers who get married are rewarded with larger welfare grants. Norplant consists of 6 progestin-containing capsules that are implanted into a woman's upper arm and it lasts for 5 years. Side effects include a few cases of menstrual-period disruption, skin discoloration over the capsules, and itching. The demand for the implant has been steadily increasing. Studies have shown that 80-90% of women on welfare who have a 2nd child depend on public assistance for the rest of their lives. If fewer children were born into poverty, millions of dollars of public assistance could be shifted toward other social needs. Norplant is surgically implanted and cannot be discontinued without further surgery. In 1991, Kansas, a controversial $500 incentive was proposed for welfare mothers which was not enacted. Poor women are especially vulnerable to a cash offer to choose Norplant over other methods of birth control, since most of them do not work and are single mothers. Yet if Norplant were offered along with other birth control alternatives, and without a monetary incentive, there would have been less of controversy. The proponent of the bill maintained that the case incentive is essential to stem 3.5 million unwanted pregnancies a year that prevent women from escaping poverty because current birth control programs are ineffective. In 1990, only 11.43% of eligible recipients took advantage of birth control programs. Eliminating hopelessness that often preceded childbearing should be the main strategy for any war in poverty.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | WISCONSIN | ARKANSAS | KANSAS | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | SOCIAL WELFARE | POVERTY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 080678

28.
Title: Is AIDS education related to condom acquisition?
Author: Rickert VI; Gottlieb AA; Jay MS
Source: CLINICAL PEDIATRICS. 1992 Apr;31(4):205-10.
Abstract: The influence of "anticipatory guidance" and prescriptions for free condoms on condom acquisition and acceptance of HIV testing was investigated in 3 groups of teens, a control group of 26 given condom vouchers only, a group of 20 instructed and counseled by adults, and a group of 31 similarly instructed and counseled by peers. The subjects, aged 13-21 years and from all socioeconomic groups, were recruited by advertising, word of mouth, and from an adolescent medicine clinic, and paid a small incentive for transportation. Besides the condom prescription and opportunity to have an HIV test, the teens received a lecture about HIV testing, viewed a video about HIV transmission and prevention, and received 15 minutes of counseling. Controls received the condom prescription only. 75% and 77% of the peer- and adult-instructed groups redeemed condom vouchers. 4 control and 3 intervention teens took the HIV test. Based on a demographic form and self-report of sexual behavior, logistic regression indicated that the factors linked with condom acquisition were: male gender, higher socioeconomic group, over 5 lifetime sexual partners, and intervention group. It is important to realize that adolescents often perceive the acquisition of condoms as a difficult step to take in risk-reduction behavior.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | CONDOMS | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | HEALTH EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | COUNSELING | SCREENING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Decision Making | Education | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 073978

29.
Title: An Act to require reporting of HIV infection and AIDS to the Arkansas Department of Health; to prevent repeal of patient confidentiality and denial of benefits; and for other purposes [29 March 1991].
Author: United States. Arkansas
Source: ACTS OF ARKANSAS. 1991;:2940-2. Act No. 967.
Abstract: This legal act provides that "Reports shall be made to the Arkansas Department of Health in such form and manner as may be required by the Department for all persons who have been determined to have Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or who have tested positive for the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antigen or antibodies." Reporting is required of physicians, hospitals, laboratories, in-home health services, state agencies to whom a diagnosis has been made known, and nursing homes. The act prohibits insurers, hospitals, and medical service corporations from denying payment of benefits for services on the basis of such reports. On 30 April 1991, Maryland enacted legislation "prohibiting the director of a medical laboratory in which serum samples are tested for human immunodeficiency virus from disclosing, directly or indirectly, the identity of any individual tested for HIV in any report submitted to the Department." See Laws of Maryland, 1991, Chapter 90, pp. 1571-2. On 24 July 1991, Louisiana enacted legislation to require state licensing boards to establish the following requirements based on applicable guidelines from the Federal Centers for Disease Control: a) practice requirements to protect the public from transmission of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus in health professions; and b) licensing requirements on reporting the status of professionals who are carriers of either virus. Such reports are to be confidential. See State of Louisiana, Acts of the Legislature, 1991, pp. 3156-3158.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LOUISIANA | MARYLAND | ARKANSAS | LAWS AND STATUTES | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | HEPATITIS | NOTIFICATION | HEALTH INSURANCE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 086692

30.
Title: The HIV Shield Law [28 February 1991].
Author: United States. Arkansas
Source: ACTS OF ARKANSAS. 1991;:679-82. Act No. 289.
Abstract: This Law provides that, in Arkansas, a) "informed consent is not required for a health care provider or health facility to perform a test when a health care provider or employee of a health facility is involved in a direct skin or mucous membrane contact with the blood or bodily fluids of an individual which is of a nature that may transmit HIV, as determined by a physician in his medical judgment;" and b) "informed consent, information and counseling are not required for the performance of an HIV test when in the judgement of the physician, such testing is medically indicated to provide appropriate diagnosis and treatment to the subject of the test, provided that the subject of the test has otherwise provided his or her consent to such physician for medical treatment." In case a), the test results are to be provided to the person exposed to HIV. In addition, the Law prohibits health care providers or facilities from denying appropriate care based on the results of an HIV test. On 9 May 1991, the state of Iowa enacted legislation providing for notification to be given to emergency care providers who have experienced "significant exposure" to HIV in the treatment of an individual, as confirmed by voluntary testing of the individual or diagnosis of HIV infection in the individual in the course of admission, care, or treatment. See Acts and Joint Resolutions of the State of Iowa, 1991, Chapter 143, pp. 194-7. On 1 July 1991, the state of Maryland enacted legislation requiring health facilities, at the request of a health care provider who has been exposed to HIV in the treatment of a patient, to seek the informed consent of the patient for testing and to seek substituted consent if the mental or physical state of the patient precludes informed consent. The health care provider must also give informed consent to be tested. See Laws of Maryland, 1991, Chapter 535, pp. 3088-93. On 6 October 1991, the state of California enacted legislation requiring the Department of Health Services to investigate and test safety-enhanced medical devices used by health care workers at risk of exposure to bloodborne diseases and make a report to the state legislature of its findings. See Statenet (California), Chapter 639 of 1991.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ARKANSAS | CALIFORNIA | IOWA | MARYLAND | LAWS AND STATUTES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | INFORMED CONSENT | HIV TESTING | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Social Problems
Document Number: 086695


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