1.  Title: Sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HTLV-1/2 in immigrant and non-immigrant female sex workers in Argentina. Author: Bautista CT; Pando MA; Reynaga E; Marone R; Sateren WB; Montano SM; Sanchez JL; Avila MM Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):99-104. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study socio-demographics, sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalences of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in immigrant (foreigner) and non-immigrant (local/native) female sex workers (FSW). DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in immigrant and non-immigrant FSW living in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 625 FSW were enrolled, of whom 169 (27%) were immigrant FSW from Paraguay, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis C was significantly higher among Argentinean FSW than among immigrant FSW. However, hepatitis B prevalence was higher among immigrant FSW. Adjusted risk factor analysis comparing immigrant FSW with Argentinean FSW indicated that marital status (single), occupation (none), fee per sex act ( Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IMMIGRANTS | HEPATITIS | SYPHILIS | PREVALENCE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement Document Number: 331118 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: [Antiretroviral drug supply in Argentina: National Program to Combat Human Retroviruses, AIDS, and STDs] Suministro de antirretrovirales en Argentina: Programa Nacional de Lucha contra Author: Colautti M; Luppi I; Salamano M; Traverso ML; Botta C; Palchik V Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Jan;25(1):62-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the supply cycle of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, overseen by the National Program to Combat Human Retroviruses, AIDS, and STDs, through its order fulfillment indicators, and to obtain input from supply chain stakeholders. METHODS: A study was carried out from April-September 2005 in the pharmacies of two hospitals in Rosario, Argentina, involving both a quantitative analysis of indicators and secondary sources and a qualitative evaluation using semistructured interviews. RESULTS: The indicators reveal the impact that interruptions in ARV supply stream from the Program (central level) have and the overstocking that takes place at the pharmacies (local level) to manage the shortages. Changes in ARV treatment account for over 50% of the prescriptions. Fulfillments fall short of the reference value. The interviewees shared possible strategies for overcoming the communication gaps between levels, for building-up stock, for guaranteeing availability, and for shortening waiting times; reached informal agreements to deal with the lack of policies and the shortage of staff; acknowledged the challenges facing the jurisdictions (central, intermediate, and local/community); and recognized local efforts to improve management. CONCLUSIONS: These challenges could be the starting point for building teams to work on effectively decentralizing the entire supply chain and allowing the Program to fulfill its much-needed oversight role. Language: Spanish Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | LOGISTICS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TREATMENT | PRESCRIPTIONS | MANAGEMENT | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 341540 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Malaria transmission in two localities in north-western Argentina. Author: Dantur Juri MJ; Zaidenberg M; Claps GL; Santana M; Almiron WR Source: Malaria Journal. 2009;8:18. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases that affects people globally. The influence of environmental conditions in the patterns of temporal distribution of malaria vectors and the disease has been studied in different countries. In the present study, ecological aspects of the malaria vector Anopheles (Anopheles) pseudopunctipennis and their relationship with climatic variables, as well as the seasonality of malaria cases, were studied in two localities, El Oculto and Aguas Blancas, in north-western Argentina. METHODS: The fluctuation of An. pseudopunctipennis and the malaria cases distribution was analysed with Random Effect Poisson Regression. This analysis takes into account the effect of each climatic variable on the abundance of both vector and malaria cases, giving as results predicted values named Incidence Rate Radio. RESULTS: The number of specimens collected in El Oculto and Aguas Blancas was 4224 (88.07%) and 572 (11.93%), respectively. In El Oculto no marked seasonality was found, different from Aguas Blancas, where high abundance was detected at the end of spring and the beginning of summer. The maximum mean temperature affected the An. pseudopunctipennis fluctuation in El Oculto and Aguas Blancas. When considering the relationship between the number of malaria cases and the climatic variables in El Oculto, maximum mean temperature and accumulated rainfall were significant, in contrast with Aguas Blancas, where mean temperature and humidity showed a closer relationship to the fluctuation in the disease. CONCLUSION: The temporal distribution patterns of An. pseudopunctipennis vary in both localities, but spring appears as the season with better conditions for mosquito development. Maximum mean temperature was the most important variable in both localities. Malaria cases were influenced by the maximum mean temperature in El Oculto, while the mean temperature and humidity were significant in Aguas Blancas. In Aguas Blancas peaks of mosquito abundance and three months later, peaks of malaria cases were observed. The study reported here will help to increase knowledge about not only vectors and malaria seasonality but also their relationships with the climatic variables that influence their appearances and abundances. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | MALARIA | SEASONAL VARIATION | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 330545 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: [Sexuality, bodily experiences, and gender: an ethnographic study of persons living with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina] Sexualidad, experiencias corporales y género: un estudio etnográfi co entre personas viviendo con VIH en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Author: Grimberg M Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):133-141. Abstract: Based on the results of an ethnographic study on daily experience with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina, the article discusses behavioral approaches that reduce the sexuality of persons living with HIV to an issue of safety and protection. By articulating a social construction perspective and the notion of hegemony, the author proposes that sexuality can be understood as a process of individual and social construction shaped by power relations and social regulations. The analysis of the experiences of living with HIV in marginalized populations shows how chronic social inequality, violence, discrimination, and stigmatization generate particular characteristics of sexual issues. These social processes become driving forces that shape sexual experience as a field of danger, repression, and restriction rather than pleasure and exploration. Finally, daily confrontation with social metaphors places strain on gender relations, practices, and identities. Language: Portuguese Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ETHNIC GROUPS | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | SAFETY | INEQUALITIES | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Public Health | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 341871 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: [Sexuality, bodily experiences, and gender: an ethnographic study of persons living with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina] Sexualidad, experiencias corporales y genero: un estudio etnografico entre Author: Grimberg M Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):133-41. Abstract: Based on the results of an ethnographic study on daily experience with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina, the article discusses behavioral approaches that reduce the sexuality of persons living with HIV to an issue of safety and protection. By articulating a social construction perspective and the notion of hegemony, the author proposes that sexuality can be understood as a process of individual and social construction shaped by power relations and social regulations. The analysis of the experiences of living with HIV in marginalized populations shows how chronic social inequality, violence, discrimination, and stigmatization generate particular characteristics of sexual issues. These social processes become driving forces that shape sexual experience as a field of danger, repression, and restriction rather than pleasure and exploration. Finally, daily confrontation with social metaphors places strain on gender relations, practices, and identities. Language: Spanish Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SEXUALITY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | SAFETY | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | STIGMA | INEQUALITIES | VIOLENCE | PROGRAM APPROPRIATENESS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Public Health | Health | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342671 |
| 6. Title: Evidence-based maternal and perinatal healthcare practices in public hospitals in Argentina. Author: Karolinski A; Micone P; Mercer R; Gibbons L; Althabe F; Belizan JM; Messina A; Lapidus A; Correa A; Taddeo C; Lambruschini R; Bertin M; Dibiase L; Montes Varela D; Laterra C Author: AMBA Perinatal Network Research Group Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May;105(2):118-22. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of beneficial maternal and perinatal healthcare practices in a network of public maternity hospitals in Argentina. METHOD: A multicenter, prospective, descriptive study of 6661 deliveries in 9 hospitals. The use of 5 obstetric care practices that reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality was evaluated. RESULTS: Median use rates for the selected practices were: continuous support for women during childbirth (17.9%); corticosteroids for preterm birth (35.3%); avoidance of episiotomy in primiparous women (41.2%); iron and folate supplementation (52.5%); active management of third stage of labor (93.5%). CONCLUSION: There is limited use of the selected evidence-based maternal and perinatal practices in public hospitals in Argentina and a large variation in their use among and within hospitals. Efforts should be made to increase the use of these evidence-based practices. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | INFANT | FETUS | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HOSPITALS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Facilities Document Number: 341373 |
| 7. Title: High rate of unintended pregnancy among pregnant women in a maternity hospital in Cordoba, Argentina: a pilot study. Author: Palena C; Bahamondes MV; Schenk V; Bahamondes L; Fernandez-Funes J Source: Reproductive Health. 2009 Jul 20;6(1):11. Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although Argentina has a new law of Reproductive Health, many barriers continue existing to the provision of contraceptive methods at public healthcare facilities. Methods: This exploratory, descriptive pilot study evaluated 212 pregnant women selected at random at the Maternity and Neonatal Hospital, Cordoba, Argentina, who completed a structured questionnaire. The objectives were to determine the rate of unintended pregnancies, reasons for not using contraception, past history of contraceptive use, and intended future use. Results: Two hundred women responded the questionnaire. Forty percent of the participants stated that they had never used contraception and pregnancy was declared unintended by 65% of the interviewed women. In the unintended pregnancy group, almost 50% of women said that they had not been using a contraceptive method because they were "unaware about contraception", and 25% stated that their contraceptive method had failed. Almost 85% of the women stated that they intended to use a contraceptive method after delivery. Conclusions: Approximately two-thirds of all pregnancies in this sample were unintended. Although the data is limited by the small sample size, our findings suggest that government needs to invest in counseling and in improving the availability and access to contraceptive methods. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | QUESTIONNAIRES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | LEGISLATION | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 342283 |
| 8. Title: Sex risk practices among HIV-positive individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Author: Valverde EE; Cassetti I; Metsch LR; Bugarin G; Bofill L; Laurido M; McCoy C Source: AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2009 Jul;23(7):551-6. Abstract: We have limited information regarding the sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive individuals in Argentina. It is important to understand these behaviors in order to develop strategies oriented at decreasing unsafe sex practices. A random sample of 140 HIV-positive individuals was recruited from an HIV primary care clinic in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between August and September 2005. Participants responded survey questions regarding their sexual behaviors in the previous three months. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with inconsistent condom use during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Of the 140 participants surveyed, 69% were male, the mean age was 38 years old, 29% reported having less than a high school education, and 84% reported having engaged in vaginal, anal, and/or oral sex in the past 3 months. Of 53 participants who reported engaging in anal sex, 60% were men who have sex with men, and 40% were heterosexuals. Inconsistent condom use was reported by 31% of participants engaging in anal sex, 39% of participants engaging in vaginal sex, and 71% of participants engaging in oral sex. When adjusting for other factors, participants reporting symptoms of depression were 5.2 times more likely to use condoms inconsistently during vaginal sex, and 4.3 times more likely to use condoms inconsistently during anal sex compared to participants reporting no depression symptoms. Providers should assess sexual risk practices of HIV-positive individuals reporting symptoms of depression, and provide counseling regarding the importance of consistent condom use to those patients who are engaging in unsafe sex practices. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CLIENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | DEPRESSION | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Mental Disorders | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 342946 |
| 9. Title: Prenatal care demand and its effects on birth outcomes by birth defect status in Argentina. Author: Wehby GL; Murray JC; Castilla EE; Lopez-Camelo JS; Ohsfeldt RL Source: Economics and Human Biology. 2009 Mar;7(1):84-95. Abstract: Our objective was to identify determinants of prenatal care demand and evaluate the effects of this demand on low birth weight and preterm birth. Delay in initiating prenatal care was modeled as a function of pregnancy risk indicators, enabling factors, and regional characteristics. Conditional maximum likelihood (CML) estimation was used to model self-selection into prenatal care use when estimating its effectiveness. Birth registry data was collected post delivery on infants with and without common birth defects born in 1995-2002 in Argentina using a standard procedure. Several maternal health and fertility indicators had significant effects on prenatal care use. In the group without birth defects, prenatal care delay increased significantly LBW and preterm birth when accounting for self-selection using the CML model but not in the standard probit model. Prenatal care was found to be ineffective on average in the birth defect group. The self-selection of higher risk women into earlier initiation of prenatal care resulted in underestimation of prenatal care effectiveness when using a standard probit model with several covariates. Large improvements in birth outcomes are suggested with earlier initiation of prenatal care for pregnancies uncomplicated with birth defects in Argentina, implying large opportunity costs from the long waiting time observed in this sample (about 17 weeks on average). The suggested ineffectiveness for pregnancies complicated with common birth defects deserves further research. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | INFANT | ANTENATAL CARE | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Reproduction | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342513 |
10.  Title: Defending the sexual and reproductive health rights of women affected by HIV in Argentina. Author: Bianco M; Re MI Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(1):10-11. Abstract: Feminization and pauperization together with an increased concentration of AIDS cases in urban environments are the main characteristics of the HIV and AIDS epidemics in Argentina. Increased infection of HIV among poor young child-bearing women generates an increase in the demand for public health care and services. Although the country has had a legal framework guaranteeing reproductive health care for all women since 2002, a lack of collaboration between reproductive health services and HIV/AIDS programmes has denied women living with HIV (WLWH) access to adequate health care, particularly for their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs. Additionally, WLWH's access to information on reproductive health, family planning services, control of cervical cancer, STIs and other gynecological problems is limited. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health Document Number: 325923 |
| 11. Title: [Government tutelage of mothers and children in Argentina: administrative structures, law, and technical staff (1936-1955)] La tutela estatal de la madre y el nino en la Argentina: estructuras Author: Biernat C; Ramacciotti K Source: Historia, Ciencias, Saude. 2008 Apr-Jun;15(2):331-51. Abstract: The article describes and analyzes one of the political projects that gained strength in Argentina during the between-war years and remained in place throughout Peronism: government tutelage of mothers and children. It examines how the Direccion de Maternidad e Infancia viewed the mother-child dyad, how this office proposed to address the issue of infant mortality, what type of technical staff was in place, and what limitations were encountered in trying to enforce these ideas. It also looks at what changed and what stayed the same at the office under Peronism. Language: Spanish Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | MOTHERS | CHILDREN | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | INFANT MORTALITY | EVALUATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics Document Number: 341149 |
| 12. Title: [Infant mortality and socioeconomic inequality in Argentina: temporal trends] Mortalidad infantil y desigualdad socioeconomica en la Argentina: tendencia temporal. Author: Buchbinder M Source: Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria. 2008 Jun;106(3):212-8. Abstract: This study analyzes temporal trends in infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in Argentine in two periods (1995 to 1997, and 2003 to 2005) and the association with a poverty index. POPULATION, MATERIAL AND METHODS: A poverty index was associated with infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates of each department of the country. Birth and infant mortality data by department, published by Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion, were used. As socioeconomic level of each area was used an index of Unsatisfied Basic Needs (NBI), according to 2001 National Census. Five clusters (quintiles) were organized according to socioeconomic level. We estimated the Relative Risk for infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality. RESULTS: Even if infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates decreased between both periods of study (1995-1997, and 2003-2005), risk of infant death remained higher for clusters with higher NBI incidence. Neonatal mortality risk between both periods keeps in high level for clusters with greater incidence of poverty. Post neonatal mortality risk between both periods and for the same clusters had decreased, but his level was high. It must take into consideration that inside these variations the risk is high and evidences the persistence between both periods of inequality and higher risk for the clusters with higher incidence of poverty. CONCLUSIONS: In the framework of infant mortality (and its components) decrease in Argentine, socioeconomic inequality in infant death persists between both study periods. Language: Spanish Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | INFANT MORTALITY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INEQUALITIES | SOCIAL CHANGE | POVERTY | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 328999 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: An international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, study of valacyclovir for the suppression of herpes simplex virus type 2 genital herpes in newly diagnosed patients. Author: Fife KH; Warren TJ; Justus SE; Heitman CK Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2008 Jul;35(7):668-73. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiviral suppressive therapy of genital herpes is often initiated based on the established pattern of recurrences in an individual. Because most persons with first episode herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection experience recurrences and because viral shedding occurs frequently in the first year after infection, we examined the strategy of initiating suppressive therapy shortly after diagnosis of genital HSV-2 infection. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From June 16, 2004 to July 26, 2006, 384 subjects from 74 sites in the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile who were newly diagnosed with a first recognized episode of genital herpes at the time of the screening visit or within 3 months before the screening visit were randomized (2:1) to receive valacyclovir 1 g once daily or placebo for 24 weeks. Subjects were instructed to return to clinic during suspected genital herpes outbreaks for clinician confirmation of recurrences. RESULTS: Valacyclovir significantly prolonged the time to first recurrence of HSV-2 genital herpes in newly diagnosed subjects compared with placebo, with approximately 43% of subjects on placebo and 71% of subjects on valacyclovir recurrence-free at 24 weeks (P <0.001). Valacyclovir significantly reduced the mean number of genital HSV-2 recurrences per month occurring during the 24-week study period (0.11 for valacyclovir, 0.48 for placebo, P <0.001). Adverse events were comparable in the valacyclovir and placebo arms. CONCLUSION: Valacyclovir 1 g once daily administered for 24 weeks was well-tolerated and effective in suppressing genital herpes recurrences in immunocompetent newly diagnosed persons without an established recurrence pattern. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CHILE | ARGENTINA | CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | HERPES GENITALIS | TREATMENT | SCREENING | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | ANTIVIRAL DRUGS | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developed Countries | North America | South America, Southern | North America, Northern | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Drugs Document Number: 328375 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Adolescent pregnancy in Argentina: Evidence-based recommendations for public policies. Author: Gogna M; Binstock G; Fernandez S; Ibarlucia I; Zamberlin N Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31):192-201. Abstract: In Argentina adolescent pregnancy is still regarded as a public health problem or a "social epidemic". However, it is necessary to ask from which perspective and for whom it is a problem, and what type of problem. This article presents the findings of a large quantitative and qualitative study conducted in five Northern provinces and two metropolitan areas of Argentina in 2003-2004. Based on the results of a survey of adolescent mothers (n=1,645) and ten focus group discussions with adolescent girls and boys, it addresses the connections between school dropout, pregnancy and poverty, and makes recommendations on how to tailor health care and sexuality education to address local realities. The findings indicate a need to develop educational activities to promote safer sex and address gender power relations in programmes working with deprived communities. Sexuality education with a gender and rights perspective, and increasing accessibility to contraceptive methods for adolescent girls and boys is also crucial. Antenatal and post-partum care, as well as post-abortion care, should be improved for young women and viewed as opportunities for contraceptive counselling and provision. Male participation in pregnancy prevention and care also needs to be promoted. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | TECHNICAL REPORT | QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | POVERTY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ANTENATAL CARE | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Data Collection | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 326989 |
| 15. Title: Living on the edge: Risk, protection, behavior, and outcomes of Argentine youth. Author: Justesen M Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Social Development Family, 2008 Jan. 32 p. (Policy Research Working Paper No. 4485) Abstract: Risk and protective factors influence behaviors and outcomes for youth. While risk factors expose youth to risk-taking behavior that compromises well-being and hinders personal development, protective factors mediate risk and act as protective mechanisms that insulate youth from negative outcomes. This paper groups youth by risk levels using a cluster analysis methodology, and identifies the risk and protective factors that characterize these groups. Using data from a new household survey covering youth in four urban areas of Argentina in 2005, youth are clustered by characteristics in relation to family and health, education and income, substance abuse, and crime and violence as indicators of risk and protective factors, and behaviors and consequences. Almost half of Argentine youth are at an elevated risk level, and one in four is at serious risk of experiencing negative outcomes or already suffering the consequences. The findings show, for example, that higher income protects against risk factors, such as an insecure neighborhood, and facilitates youth attending school. Furthermore, parents' lack of education is negatively related to the behaviors and outcomes of their children. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | CORRELATION STUDIES | YOUTH | RISK FACTORS | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | TOBACCO USE | SAFETY | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Statistical Studies | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Social Behavior | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Public Health | Health Document Number: 326419 |
| 16. Title: The sexual and reproductive health of young people in Latin America: Evidence from WHO case studies. Author: Kostrzewa K Source: Salud Publica de Mexico. 2008 Jan-Feb;50(1):10-16. Abstract: This original article addresses the sexual and reproductive health needs of young people aged 15 to 24 in Latin America. It introduces five articles from original research projects in three countries: Argentina, Brazil, and Peru. These projects were funded by the World Health Organization. This article explains the importance of studies that address the sexual and reproductive health of young people in developing countries. It provides an overview of sexual and reproductive health issues in Latin America and a discussion these issues in the three study countries. The five articles deal with difficult and challenging issues, including: knowledge of STIs and HIV/ AIDS; pregnancy related practices; quality of care; the role of young men in couple formation, pregnancy and adoption of contraceptive practice; and, the role of obstetricians and gynecologists in public policy debate about family planning and abortion. The four articles in this special section help to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to risky sexual behavior and negative reproductive health outcomes among youth in Latin America. The findings are useful to help inform and improve health care interventions in various contexts. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | BRAZIL | PERU | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | WHO | YOUTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | RISK BEHAVIOR | RISK FACTORS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America, Western | Studies | Research Methodology | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Biology Document Number: 325863 |
| 17. Title: Screening for developmental problems at primary care level: A field programme in San Isidro, Argentina. Author: Lejarraga H; Menendez AM; Menzano E; Guerra L; Biancato S Source: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2008 Mar;22(2):180-187. Abstract: Information on prevalence and type of problems of psychomotor development (PPD) is necessary for implementation of specific care programmes at field level. With the purpose of obtaining this information, a screening test, the Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE) for PPD was implemented in three health centres in San Isidro, a city near Buenos Aires, attended by different socio-economic groups: centres A and B were located in the inner city, and C in a middle-class area. The test was administered by three previously trained paediatricians to 839 apparently healthy children aged 0-5 years. The failure rates were 24%, 19% and 16% in centres A, B and C respectively (20% in total). Out of the 170 children failing the test and referred to hospital for diagnosis and treatment, only 96 complied and went through a series of studies carried out by a previously prepared multidisciplinary team. With the exception of children who failed the Battelle test [classified as Global Developmental Delay (GDD)], finaldiagnoses were classified according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition: GDD (60 children), pervasive developmental disorders (11), communication disorders (10), motor disorders (6, of whom 2 were with cerebral palsy), attention deficit disorders (5), attachment disorders (2), normal children (3). Co-morbidity was present in 22 affected children. Forty-three per cent of children failing the test did not attend hospital or did not complete studies because of major social and family problems, the family not living in the area, or the parents preferring to consult their own paediatrician. Health centres and children not selected in a randomised way, and a significant proportion of them not complying with the indication of hospital referral were major sources of bias, so that PPD prevalences, positive and negative predictive values should be interpreted with great caution. Further studies accounting for these sources of bias are needed to confirm the observed prevalence of PPD. Training of health personnel, at hospital and health centre level, priority settings, and operational research to evaluate effectiveness of treatments and care delivery systems at field level are necessary in Argentina for optimal use of limited healthcare resources. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CHILDREN | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | SCREENING | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | COMPLICATIONS | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Biology | Central Nervous System | Physiology | Communication | Diseases | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 324778 |
| 18. Title: Traditional practices, beliefs and uses of medicinal plants in relation to maternal-baby health of Criollo woman in central Argentina. Author: Martinez GJ Source: Midwifery. 2008 Dec;24(4):490-502. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: to present information on traditional practices and medicinal uses of plants for treating health diseases related to the reproductive cycle of Criollo women living in the hills of the province of Cordoba; and to interpret these uses in the context of this population's folk medicine. DESIGN: data were collected during several field trips to the study area based on the guidelines of a research project that included ethnographic and ethnobotanical aspects of the study area. SETTING: a rural community of central Argentina. PARTICIPANTS: a total of 62 peasants were interviewed on the basis of a semi-structured system. Repeated open and extensive interviews were also undertaken with seven women who had previously worked as midwives in areas of difficult access. FINDINGS: this study found that 12 different female diseases and complaints are treated using a total of 48 plant species belonging to 27 botanical families, with 71 different medicinal uses. The traditional beliefs and practices associated with maternal-baby health care in rural areas highlights the existing combination of principles reformulated from humoral medicine, the use of analogical reasoning, and ontological and functional interpretations of morbid processes. The principle of Hypocratical opposition and hot-cold categorisation are significant criteria that rule over the practices of mother and child health care during birth and puerperium. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: consequences of traditional knowledge on the health care of peasant women are discussed, based on the analysis of traditional practices from a peasant's point of view. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CLASSIFICATION | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | RURAL POPULATION | PREGNANT WOMEN | MEDICINAL PLANTS | BELIEFS | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | ETHICS | CHILDBIRTH | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Pregnancy Outcomes Document Number: 330297 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: [Is there any relationship between rural environmental factors and reproductive health in the Pampa Humeda in Argentina?] Existen relaciones entre los factores ambientales rurales y la salud reproductiva en la Pampa Húmeda Argentina? Author: Oliva A; Biasatti R; Cloquell S; Gonzalez C; Olego S Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2008 Apr;24(4):785-792. Abstract: The relationship between environmental factors and health is well known. Rural environmental influences on reproductive health have been properly proved, both in animals and humans. In Latin America, few studies have been conducted in this area. The current project is based on the description of relationships between reproductive health and environmental factors in rural populations, characterized by specific environmental characteristics. Three variables were evaluated: male-to-female birth ratio, male urogenital malformations (cryptorchidism and hypospadias), and endocrine-related cancer incidence. Five rural communities in the Pampa Humeda in Argentina were selected, and the data were compared to the national mean. Biomedical data and environmental risk factors were correlated through a geographic information system. The ratio of male to female births did not show any differences. Malformations showed very significant differences. Endocrine-related cancers showed higher incidence rates compared to the national mean, particularly in some communities. In conclusion, there is a relationship between environmental factors and reproductive health conditions in this region. (author's) Language: Spanish Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | RISK FACTORS | RURAL POPULATION | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Health | Environment | Biology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 326495 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Increased expression of uteroglobin associated with tubal inflammation and ectopic pregnancy. Author: Quintar AA; Mukdsi JH; Bonaterra M; Aoki A; Maldonado CA Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2008 Jun;89(6):1613-1617. Abstract: The objective was the evaluation of uteroglobin (UG) expression in the fallopian tube in different tubal diseases. The UG was screened and quantified in samples of fallopian tubes from patients with salpingitis, hydrosalpinx, and ectopic pregnancy by exposing the UG with immunohistochemical techniques. The setting was the University hospital and electron microscopy center. The patient(s) were women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and complicated tubal ectopic pregnancy consulting for medical care. The intervention was Salpingectomy. Tubal tissues were collected and examined using regular pathologic techniques. The UG immunoreactivity in the tubal epithelium was also assessed. Fallopian tube epithelium displayed an increased UG expression in patients with PID and complicated tubal pregnancy compared with control patients. Uteroglobin is present in the human fallopian tube as a secretory protein and appears to be involved in immunosuppressive responses in the fallopian tube. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | SCREENING | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC | PREGNANCY, TUBAL | FALLOPIAN TUBES | TUBAL EFFECTS | PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections Document Number: 327232 |
| 21. Title: Hepatitis C and HIV coinfection in central region of Argentina: prevalence, genotype characterization and risk factors. Author: Re V; Gallego S; Farias A; Barbas G; Kremer L Source: Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica. 2008 Aug-Sep;26(7):423-5. Abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first study reporting the epidemiological and molecular characterization of HCV/HIV coinfection in the central region of Argentina. METHOD: Cross-sectional, epidemiological study (2003-2004). Statistics: multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of HCV/HIV coinfection was 12.3%. HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (73%). Intravenous drug use was the main independent risk factor for acquiring HCV infection. However, an alternative route (sexual) for viral transmission was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: These results underscore the potential public health impact of HCV/HIV coinfection in our region. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | EPIDEMIOLOGY | HIV INFECTIONS | HEPATITIS | RISK FACTORS | POPULATION GENETICS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Public Health | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Genetics | Biology Document Number: 329840 |
| 22. Title: [Field testing of new WHO growth standards: assessment of anthropometric outcomes of children from 0 to 5 years from Rosario city, Argentina] Validacion clinica de los nuevos estandares de crecimiento de la OMS: analisis de Author: Sguassero Y; Moyano C; Aronna A; Fain H; Orellano A Source: Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria. 2008 Jun;106(3):198-204. Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The field testing of the preliminary WHO child growth standards was conducted in Rosario, Argentina. The objective of the article is to analyze the anthropometrical outcomes based on the national and international growth references. POPULATION, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Healthy children born at term, aged 0 to 5 years, and users of the health care network of the municipality from January to May 2005 were included. A data collection form was designed for the study. The weight (kg) was measured with an electronic scale. The length/height (cm) was taken with instruments constructed locally. The measurements techniques were based on national guidelines. The NUTRI 1.3: 5 and ANTHRO 2005 software were used. RESULTS: A sample of 1.804 boys and girls was analyzed. The prevalence of underweight was 1,7 times higher in children less than 6 months with the application of the new standards compared to the national reference. For the rest of the age groups, the situation was the opposite. A major prevalence of stunting was observed after 6 months of age based on the new standards compared to the national reference. The prevalence of overweight, in comparison with the old growth international reference, increased with the use of the new standards. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in underweight, stunting and overweight were found based on the tool used. The prevalence of stunting and overweight may increase with the application of the new growth standard. Language: Spanish Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CHILDREN | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | GROWTH | ANTHROPOMETRY | STANDARDS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Education | Biology | Measurement Document Number: 329000 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Pharmacoepidemiological approach to the predisposing factors for highly active antiretroviral therapy failure in an HIV-positive cohort from Cordoba City (Argentina) 1995-2005. Author: Soria EA; Cadile II; Allende LR; Kremer LE Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008 May;19(5):335-338. Abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) restores immunity, avoids resistance and delays disease progression. Nonetheless, adverse medicament reactions (AMRs) and therapeutic failure (TF) are still deleterious events. Consequently, their predisposing factors should be evaluated. Data from 181 men and 28 women of an Argentinean cohort (1995-2005) were collected and analysed by logistic regression, studying 63 schemes (15 active principles). The AMRs were the main cause of scheme change, followed by TF and medicament simplification, without influence of age and sex. Twenty-nine schemes exhibited TF at least once. Compared with zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (success: >75%), the following schemes fail more frequently (P < 0.01): pre- HAART (8-fold), indinavir-containing ones (30-fold) and retrotranscriptase inhibitors with >or= 3 protease inhibitors (11-fold). Inadequate patient adherence preceded failure (>95%), but not successful treatments, with a strong AMR-TF association (P < 0.005). Although some schemes had inherently increased TF, low adherence, drug toxicity and TF were critically interrelated, interfering with HAART goals. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREVALENCE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | SIDE EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | USER COMPLIANCE | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | SELF CARE | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Data Analysis | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Biology | Behavior | Drugs Document Number: 327731 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of DTPa-HBV-IPV / Hib vaccine as primary and booster vaccination in low-birth-weight premature infants. Author: Vazquez L; Garcia F; Ruttimann R; Coconier G; Jacquet JM Source: Acta Paediatrica. 2008;:[6] p. Abstract: The aim was to assess suitability of a combined DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine (Infanrix hexa) for immunization of low-birth-weight (less than 2.0 kg) preterm infants, with particular focus on the hepatitis B response. Open-label study in 170 preterm infants receiving primary vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months of age and booster vaccination at 18-24 months. Enrolment and analysis were stratified in two groups: infants with birth weight between 1.5 kg and 2.0 kg (low birth weight: LBW), infants with BW less than 1.5 kg (very low birth weight: VLBW). One month after the three dose primary vaccination, 93.7% and 94.9% of infants in VLBW and LBW groups, respectively, had anti-HBs antibody concentrations greater than or equal to 10 mIU/mL. High seroprotection and response rates (92.4-100%) to all vaccine antigens were observed. Those were reinforced (greater than 98%) by booster vaccination for all antigens except for HBs in VLBW children: only 88.7% of those had anti-HBs antibody concentrations greater than or equal to 10 mIU/mL, compared with 96.5% of LBW children (difference statistically not significant). The vaccine was well tolerated in both groups of infants. Preterm infants will benefit by the administration of a primary and booster vaccination with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | INFANT, PREMATURE | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | VACCINATION | IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE | VACCINES | IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS | TOXICITY | SAFETY | EVALUATION | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Infant | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Immunization | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Immunity | Immune System | Public Health Document Number: 326916 |
| 25. Title: Delay in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in four provinces of Argentina. Author: Zerbini E; Chirico MC; Salvadores B; Amigot B; Estrada S Source: International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2008 Jan;12(1):63-68. Abstract: SETTING: Public health care services in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Jujuy and Santa Cruz, Argentina. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate delays in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment and associated risk factors in departments and administrative areas of four Argentine provinces. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey including retrospective medical record review and patient interviews. RESULTS: A total of 243 patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB and a mean age of 40 years were included in the study. The mean diagnostic delays were as follows: total delay 92.1 days (median 62.0); patient delay 58.8 days (median 31); health service delay 32.6 days (median 12.5). The mean treatment delay was 0.9 days (median 0). Associations were observed between patient delays of >30 days and residence in Jujuy, age >50 years, dependence on transport to the nearest public health service due to distance and presence of cough. The >60-day total diagnosis delay was associated with age >50 years and need for transport to the nearest public health service. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic delay is an important problem in the areas studied, with patient delay being of most concern. Patient delay was associated with age >50 years, dependence on transport to the nearest public health service due to distance and presence of cough. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | KAP SURVEYS | TARGET POPULATION | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | TUBERCULOSIS | TIME FACTORS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | AGE FACTORS | TRANSPORTATION | DISTANCE | RISK FACTORS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Economic Factors | Geographic Factors | Biology Document Number: 325809 |
| 26. Title: Extremely rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 BF recombinants in Argentina. Author: Aulicino PC; Holmes EC; Rocco C; Mangano A; Sen L Source: Journal of Virology. 2007 Jan;81(1):427-429. Abstract: The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Argentina is distinctive in that many infections are caused by subtype BF recombinant viruses. To determine their demographic history, we estimated the evolutionary rate, mode of population growth, and age of genetic diversity among 40 BF vpu sequences. This revealed one of the highest substitution rates reported for HIV-1, at 10.793 x 10/-3 substitutions per site per year, and a very rapid rate of population growth, with an initial mean epidemic doubling time of 3.72 months. This rapid population growth is compatible with an elevated fitness for subtype BF compared to that for "pure" B and F viruses. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POPULATION GROWTH | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | HIV | TRANSMISSION | Developing Countries | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections Document Number: 314655 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Facilitators and barriers to adoption of evidence-based perinatal care in Latin American hospitals: A qualitative study. Author: Belizan M; Meier A; Althabe F; Codazzi A; Colomar M Source: Health Education Research. 2007;22(6):839-853. Abstract: Selective episiotomy and the active management of labor have been shown by numerous studies to benefit women's experience of labor as well as its outcomes. However, many Latin American public hospitals have not updated their clinical practices to reflect these findings. Limited access to new knowledge, limited time and physical resources and attitudes resistant to change are factors limiting the adoption of new practices in such hospitals. Interviews were conducted with three department heads, and focus groups were conducted with 31 physicians and midwives working in 10 public hospitals in Argentina and Uruguay. All were asked about facilitators and barriers to making changes in clinical practice. In addition, three focus groups were conducted with 16 pregnant women served by public hospitals. Responses were grouped according to stages of change in incorporating new evidence into practice. Numerous facilitators and barriers were identified by participants, as well as potential strategies for promoting change that could be incorporated into interventions. Barriers included limited access to information, negative attitudes toward changes in practice, lack of skills in performing new practices, lack of medical resources and explicit guidelines and a perceived need to practice defensive medicine. Changing long-standing clinical practice is difficult. Interventions must be adapted to translate evidence-based approaches to new cultures and contexts. Improving information access, use of role models, skill development and improved resources and support may be effective ways to overcome barriers to change in Latin American obstetric care. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | ARGENTINA | URUGUAY | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PREGNANT WOMEN | PHYSICIANS | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | HOSPITALS | CHILDBIRTH | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | Americas | Developing Countries | South America, Southern | South America | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Facilities | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Management | Organization and Administration | Communication Document Number: 322853 |
| 28. Title: Plebeian masculinity and sexual comedy in Buenos Aires, 1880 -- 1930. Author: Ben P Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality. 2007 Sep;16(3):436-458. Abstract: In describing late nineteenth and early twentieth century Buenos Aires, Argentine historians often invoke the category of "progress." Basing their analysis on the immense economic and urban growth of the period, scholars usually deploy this category without much nuance. While this growth wrought profound social transformations, to be sure, the historical research framed by a one-dimensional conception of progress has overlooked key aspects of the period. A major topic usually occluded is the living conditions and cultural traits of the urban lower strata. This essay deals with one aspect of that topic - plebeian masculinity and sexuality - and demonstrates how demography, the job market, and family structure shaped the emergence of spaces of male sociability. It was in these spaces that cultural negotiations of masculinity took place through competitions involving the male sexual capacity to subjugate others. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | URBAN AREAS | HISTORICAL REVIEW | SOCIAL CLASS | SEXUALITY | MALE ROLE | SEX BEHAVIOR | POETRY | VIOLENCE | CRIME | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Social Problems Document Number: 323717 |
| 29. Title: The effect of a large expansion of pre-primary school facilities on preschool attendance and maternal employment. Author: Berlinski S; Galiani S Source: Labour Economics. 2007 Jun;14(3):665-680. Abstract: We provide evidence on the impact of a large-scale construction of pre-primary school facilities in Argentina. We estimate the causal impact of the program on pre-primary school attendance and maternal labor supply. Identification relies on a differences-in-differences strategy where we combine differences across regions in the number of facilities built with differences in exposure across cohorts induced by the timing of the program. We find a sizeable impact of the program on pre-primary school participation among children aged between 3 and 5. In fact, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of a full take-up of newly constructed places. In addition, we find that the implicit childcare subsidy induced by the program appears to increases maternal employment. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | CHILDREN | MOTHERS | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | HUMAN RESOURCES | CHILD CARE | Developing Countries | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Child Rearing | Behavior Document Number: 318068 |
| 30. Title: Abortion debate in Latin America and beyond [letter] Author: Bianco M; Belizán JM; Althabe F Source: Lancet. 2007 Oct 13;370(9595):1309. Abstract: Jill Replogle's observations on the dispute between Latin American activists, the interference of the Catholic Church in legal changes, and the high numbers of abortions are also pertinent to Argentina. Abortion is the main cause of maternal mortality in Argentina, accounting for almost a third of maternal deaths. A survey showed that there are between 560 000 and 615 000 induced abortions per year, a figure close to the 700 000 deliveries per year in Argentina. Such figures suggest a mean of two induced abortions per woman of reproductive age. In Argentina, induced abortion is illegal except in cases in which the mother's life is threatened and in cases of violations on women with mental retardation. Despite this legal concession, women in these exception categories often do not have access to abortion in practice. For example, earlier this year a young mother with severe cancer requiring treatment became pregnant before the cancer treatment started. Her parents requested an abortion in order forher to receive the cancer treatment, but the public hospital authorities refused. The 20-year-old woman gave birth to a premature baby who died, and subsequently died of the cancer herself. The hospital authorities and doctors acted under the Catholic Church's pressure and their own ideology. In Argentina, women still need protection and must be allowed the right to decide on the basis of their beliefs, not those of doctors or anyone else. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | ARGENTINA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | POLICYMAKERS | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | BIRTH RATE | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | Americas | Developing Countries | South America, Southern | South America | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Christianity | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Human Rights | Political Factors Document Number: 321873 Notification |
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