Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 6148 records

Your search found 6148 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Subscription may be needed for full text

Title: Maternal and perinatal outcome in teenage pregnancies in Sudan.
Author: Adam GK; Elhassan EM; Ahmed AM; Adam I
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May;105(2):170-1.
Abstract: Pregnancy and childbirth in teenage women pose special risks for both mother and baby. As well as significant medical, nutritional, social, and economic risks, teenage pregnancy is associated with increased risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and death in the neonatal or postnatal periods. There is a paucity of literature regarding the maternal and perinatal outcome of teenage pregnancies in Sudan, Africa. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of anemia, operative delivery, and perinatal complications (mainly low birth weight) among primiparous teenagers with a singleton delivery compared with a similar group of women aged 20-24 years. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
SUDAN | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | ANEMIA | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | MATERNAL AGE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Diseases | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Parental Age | Age Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341382

Title: The role of education level in the intergenerational pattern of adolescent pregnancy in Brazil.
Author: Almeida MC; Aquino EM
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Sep;35(3):139-146.
Abstract: Adolescent pregnancy has been associated with the early childbearing experience of the mothers of adolescents, and young people's education level is believed to be an important factor in this phenomenon. In 2002, a representative household survey collected data from 3,050 young men and women ages 20�24 in three Brazilian cities. The main measures were mother's age at first birth, daughter's age at first pregnancy, and son's age when he first impregnated a partner. Ages were dichotomized as younger than 20 and 20 or older. The distribution of respondents, by both their own and their mothers' reproductive experience, was analyzed in relation to various characteristics, and logistic regressions assessed possible associations between these variables and pregnancy experience. Thirty percent of women reported getting pregnant before age 20, and 21% of men said they were younger than 20 when they first impregnated a partner. Of these groups, 34% of women and 31% of men reported that their mothers had first given birth at the same age. Both women and men were more likely to have had an early pregnancy experience if their mother had had a child before age 20. Among women, this positive association disappeared in the final model after adjusting for their education level, whereas among men the association remained after similar adjustment.
Spanish Abstract: Contexto: El embarazo durante la adolescencia se ha asociado con la experiencia de la maternidad temprana de las madres de los y las adolescentes; y se considera el nivel educativo de la gente joven como un factor importante en este fen�meno. M�todos: En 2002, una encuesta representativa de hogares recolect� datos de 3,050 hombres y mujeres j�venes de 20-24 a�os en tres ciudades brasile�as. Las principales medidas fueron la edad de la madre de los encuestados en el momento de su primer parto, la edad de la joven en el primer embarazo y la edad del joven al embarazar por primera vez a una pareja; los grupos de edad se dividieron en menores de 20 y de 20 a�os o mayores. La distribuci�n de las personas encuestadas (tanto por su propia experiencia reproductiva como la de su madre), se analiz� en relaci�n con varias caracter�sticas, y se valor� mediante regresiones log�sticas las posibles asociaciones entre estas variables y la experiencia del embarazo. Resultados: Treinta por ciento de las j�venes reportaron haberse embarazado antes de los 20 a�os; y 21% de los hombres dijeron que eran menores de 20 a�os cuando su pareja se embaraz�. De estos grupos, 34% de las mujeres y 31% de los hombres reportaron que sus madres hab�an dado a luz por primera vez a la misma edad. Tanto las mujeres como los hombres tuvieron mayor probabilidad de experimentar un embarazo temprano si su madre hab�a tenido un hijo antes de los 20 a�os (razones de momios, 2.0 y 2.3, respectivamente). En las mujeres, esta asociaci�n positiva desapareci� en el modelo final, despu�s de ajustar por nivel de educaci�n, mientras que entre los hombres la asociaci�n permaneci� despu�s de un ajuste similar (1.8). Conclusiones: El nivel de educaci�n de las hijas e hijos parece ser un factor importante en la repetici�n de la fecundidad adolescente a trav�s de las generaciones. Se necesita esfuerzos para aumentar el acceso a la educaci�n y para alentar a la gente joven a que permanezca en la escuela.
French Abstract: Contexte: Les grossesses d'adolescentes ont �t� associ�es � l'exp�rience de la maternit� pr�coce des m�res des adolescents concern�s et le niveau d'instruction des jeunes semble jouer un r�le important. M�thodes: En 2002, une enqu�te de m�nages repr�sentative a recueilli des donn�es aupr�s de 3.050 jeunes hommes et femmes de 20 � 24 ans dans trois villes du Br�sil. Les principales mesures ont port� sur l'�ge de la m�re � la premi�re naissance, l'�ge de la fille � la premi�re grossesse et l'�ge du fils au moment de la f�condation d'une partenaire. Les �ges ont �t� dichotomis�s entre moins de 20 ans et 20 ans ou plus. La distribution des r�pondants en fonction de leur propre exp�rience g�n�sique et de celle de leur m�re a �t� analys�e selon diff�rentes caract�ristiques, tandis que les associations possibles entre ces variables et l'exp�rience d'une grossesse �taient �valu�es par r�gressions logistiques. R�sultats: Trente pour cent des femmes ont d�clar� avoir �t� enceintes avant l'�ge de 20 ans, tandis que 21% des hommes d�claraient avoir eu moins de 20 ans au moment de la f�condation de leur partenaire. De ces groupes, 34% des femmes et 31% des hommes ont d�clar� que leur m�re avait accouch� pour la premi�re fois � ce m�me �ge. Tant les femmes que les hommes sont apparus plus susceptibles d'avoir connu une grossesse pr�coce si leur m�re avait eu un enfant avant l'�ge de 20 ans (rapports de probabilit�s, 2,0 et 2,3, respectivement). C�t� f�minin, cette association positive dispara�t dans le mod�le final apr�s correction du niveau d'instruction; c�t� masculin, elle se maintient apr�s correction similaire (1,8). Conclusions: Le niveau d'instruction des filles comme des fils semble jouer un r�le important dans la r�p�tition de la f�condit� adolescente d'une g�n�ration � l'autre. Des efforts sont n�cessaires pour accro�tre l'acc�s � l'�ducation et encourager les jeunes � poursuivre leur scolarisation.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MOTHERS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | AGE FACTORS | FIRST BIRTH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Adolescents | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy History | Fertility Measurements | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 343004

4.
Title: [Vulnerabilities in the use of contraceptive methods among youth: intersections between public policies and healthcare] Vulnerabilidades no uso de metodos contraceptivos entre adolescentes e jovens:
Author: Alves CA; Brandao ER
Source: Ciencia and Saude Coletiva. 2009 Mar-Apr;14(2):661-70.
Abstract: This article discusses the moments of vulnerability in the utilization of contraceptive methods in the affective-sexual relations in adolescence and youth. The analyzed material consists of 17 semi-structured interviews with young people between 18 and 24 years (9 females and 8 males) of the middle-class of the city of Rio de Janeiro that had passed though at least one episode of pregnancy during adolescence. We also discuss the recent implementation of public policies focused on the sexuality and reproductive health of adolescents and the position of health professionals with respect to this subject within the scope of the Program of Integrated Healthcare for Women, Children and Adolescents (PAISMCA/SES-RJ). The results of the study show discontinuities in the use of contraceptive methods due to the strong gender hierarchy in the relationships between adolescents and the absence of appropriate sexual education in the family and school environments. There is little space for dealing with the sexual questions of the young in health services and schools. There are also cultural barriers that make it difficult for the society to approach the subject in a less prejudicial way, thus turning sexual initiation into a process full of silence and moral disapproval.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | YOUTH | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | HEALTH POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 330130

Title: The influence of early sexual debut and sexual violence on adolescent pregnancy: a matched case-control study in Jamaica.
Author: Baumgartner JN; Geary CW; Tucker H; Wedderburn M
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;35(1):21-28.
Abstract: The authors conducted structured interviews with 15- to 17-year-old females-250 who were currently pregnant and 500 sexually experienced, but never-pregnant, neighborhood-matched controls. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine associations between adolescent pregnancy and early sexual debut, sexual coercion or violence, and sexual risk-taking behaviors. Greater proportions of pregnant youth than of their never-pregnant peers reported having had first sex by age 14 (54% vs. 41%), a first sexual partner who was five or more years older (33% vs. 20%), or multiple partners (63% vs. 50%). A greater proportion of never-pregnant youth had used contraceptives at first sex (88% vs. 80%). Almost half (49%) of all young women reported ever having experienced sexual coercion or violence. Compared with controls, pregnant youth had greater odds of having had an older partner at first sex and believing contraception is a woman's responsibility (odds ratios, 1.3 and 2.1, respectively), and had lower odds of ever having experienced sexual violence and thinking that it is important to protect oneself against pregnancy (0.5 and 0.2, respectively). An interaction between early sexual debut and multiple partners was found. Having had multiple partners was associated with pregnancy only for youth with early sexual debut. Encouraging adolescents to delay sexual debut and reduce their number of sexual partners may help prevent unintended pregnancies. Experiences of sexual coercion and violence were common among both groups, highlighting the need to address gender-based violence at the community level.
Language: English
Keywords:
JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SEXUAL ABUSE | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 315213

Peer Reviewed

Title: Preventive service needs of young people perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda.
Author: Birungi H; Obare F; Mugisha JF; Evelia H; Nyombi J
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jun;21(6):725-731.
Abstract: This study examines the sexual expressions and experiences as well as the preventive practices of 732 adolescent boys and girls aged 15-19 years who were born with HIV. The data come from a project on the sexuality of young people perinatally infected with HIV conducted in 2007 in four districts of Uganda. The analysis involves both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach entails cross-tabulations with chi-square tests as well as significance tests of proportions. The qualitative approach involves an analysis of individual case stories, in-depth probes, and focus group discussions for content. The findings show disconnect between: (1) the information service providers give to young people and young people's actual needs and desires; (2) adolescents' fears and their actual preventive practices; and (3) the high level of reported condom use and the frequency of use. Programs need to recognize that young people perinatally infected with HIV are sexually active or anticipatebeing so in future.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | YOUTH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | FEAR | CONDOM USE | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Economic Factors
Document Number: 339860

Title: [Challenges of youth contraception: intersections between gender, sexuality and health] Desafios da contracepcao juvenil: intersecoes entre genero, sexualidade e saude.
Author: Brandao ER
Source: Ciencia and Saude Coletiva. 2009 Jul-Aug;14(4):1063-71.
Abstract: This qualitative paper discusses some of the difficulties young people have when dealing with contraception and also identifies circumstances in which they tend not to use contraceptive methods. The authors conducted 73 in-depth interviews with young men and women, ages 18 to 24, living in three state capitals in Brazil (Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre), who went through at least one experience of teenage pregnancy. Data were analyzed by theme in order to assemble similar and repeated elements in the testimonies. The reasons young people have difficulty adopting continued use of contraceptive methods were listed according to the following themes: relationship context; relationship with the family regarding sexuality; side effects of hormonal contraceptive methods; negligence with contraception; problems with health services; failure of contraceptive methods; a strong sense of fatherhood; use of condoms with unknown female partners; and use of withdrawal with no knowledge of the partner�s menstrual cycle.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INTERVIEWS | YOUTH | SEXUALITY | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Planning | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 342619

Title: Preventing student pregnancy in Guinea�s Forest Region.
Author: Castle S
Source: Washington, D.C., CORE Group, [2009]. 8 p.
Abstract: Plan International implemented the Forest Region Sustainable Community-Based Reproductive and Sexual Health Project, a 3.5-year intervention to increase knowledge and use of family planning in five prefectures of Guinea's forest region. In partnership with the Association Guinenne pour le Bien-Etre Familiale (AGBEF), Plan International used a community-based approach that included recruiting and training nearly 800 community-based services agents to offer information, some modern methods, and referrals to women, men, and couples in the project zone. From the outset, the Forest Region Project also took a strong interest in the sexual health and FP needs of young people, knowing that early sexual activity combined with low FP use commonly led to unwanted pregnancy and school abandonment and/or unsafe abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
GUINEA | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | STUDENTS | SUGAR DADDIES | PEER EDUCATORS | TEACHERS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | EDUCATION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities
Document Number: 330603

Peer Reviewed

Title: The rising proportion of repeat teenage pregnancies in young women presenting for termination of pregnancy from 1991 to 2007.
Author: Collier J
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):393-6.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is difficult to fully ascertain the number of teenagers in the United Kingdom who have more than one pregnancy before the age of 20 years. The national abortion figures represent one of the few ways one can investigate on a national scale whether there is an increase in the number of young women presenting with a repeat pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Datasheets regarding legally induced abortions carried out in England and Wales from 1991 to 2007 were downloaded from the Office of National Statistics and Department of Health websites. Age-specific data were extracted. RESULTS: Among young women less than 20 years old who present for abortion in England and Wales, those with recorded previous pregnancies have steadily risen from 1991 to 2007 both in absolute number and in proportion. The increase in the proportion of abortions that are subsequent to a previous birth was by 42% (from 0.080 to 0.115), and the increase in the proportion of abortions subsequent to a previous abortion was by 68% (from 0.081 to 0.134). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that repeat teenage pregnancies are on the increase. Urgent attention is required to improve contraceptive advice and services targeted specifically at teenagers who have previously conceived.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | ABORTION | FERTILITY MEASUREMENTS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 342083 Notification

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Adolescent access to emergency contraception: a comment on the UK context.
Author: Fallon D
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;14(2):120-6.
Abstract: The provision of emergency contraception (EC) in the United Kingdom (UK) has been transformed over the past decade through advances in pharmacology and the implementation of governmental measures to reduce teenage pregnancy rates. This paper considers how these issues have developed in the current social and political context with specific reference to adolescent access to EC in the UK. It highlights the concerns caused by increased availability of EC and the tension between adolescent rights to confidential treatment and advice, and professional anxiety about encouraging secrecy or parental deception. It concludes that adolescents, whilst benefiting from increased access to EC may also face a series of challenges as a result.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | POLITICAL FACTORS | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | PARENTAL CONSENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Ethics | Education
Document Number: 330933

11.

Title: Early motherhood, high mortality, and HIV/AIDS rates in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Gant L; Heath KM; Ejikeme GG
Source: Social Work In Public Health. 2009 Jan-Apr;24(1-2):39-46.
Abstract: Despite billions of dollars devoted to HIV/AIDS prevention since 1990, rates of infection continue to climb worldwide, primarily through heterosexual contact, and Sub-Saharan Africa is the worst case scenario (UNAIDS, 2004). Traditional intervention programs based on the ABCs (abstinence, being faithful, and condom use) of safe sex practices have shown mixed success. Engaging in risky sexual behavior (behaviors not adhering to the ABCs of safe sex practices) continues to escalate the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Although research abounds with correlates to HIV/AIDS rates, few studies have addressed the basis of sexual behavior. Here we show that not only are HIV/AIDS rates significantly higher in Sub-Saharan Africa than in the rest of the world but also infant mortality rates and teenage birth rates are higher as well. Based on these findings, we argue that engaging in risky sexual behavior, in many circumstances associated with deplorable living conditions and high mortality, is the only viable option for avoiding reproductive failure: dying without leaving surviving descendents. We suggest that initiatives that improve overall health and living conditions in the at-risk populations are necessary before traditional intervention programs can effectively combat the spread of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PREVALENCE | MORTALITY | LIFE EXPECTANCY | INFANT MORTALITY | AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SEX BEHAVIOR | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Length of Life | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Reproductive Behavior | Behavior
Document Number: 341955

12.
Title: Sexual and reproductive health of persons aged 10-24 years - United States, 2002-2007.
Author: Gavin L; MacKay AP; Brown K; Harrier S; Ventura SJ; Kann L; Rangel M; Berman S; Dittus P; Liddon N; Markowitz L; Sternberg M; Weinstock H; David-Ferdon C; Ryan G
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Source: MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 2009 Jul 17;58(6):1-58.
Abstract: This report presents data for 2002-2007 concerning the sexual and reproductive health of persons aged 10-24 years in the United States. Data were compiled from the National Vital Statistics System and multiple surveys and surveillance systems that monitor sexual and reproductive health outcomes into a single reference report that makes this information more easily accessible to policy makers, researchers, and program providers who are working to improve the reproductive health of young persons in the United States. The report addresses three primary topics: 1) current levels of risk behavior and health outcomes; 2) disparities by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and geographic residence; and 3) trends over time. The data presented in this report indicate that many young persons in the United States engage in sexual risk behavior and experience negative reproductive health outcomes. In 2004, approximately 745,000 pregnancies occurred among U.S. females aged <20 years. In 2006, approximately 22,000 adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years in 33 states were living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and approximately 1 million adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years were reported to have chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis. One-quarter of females aged 15-19 years and 45% of those aged 20-24 years had evidence of infection with human papillomavirus during 2003-2004, and approximately 105,000 females aged 10--24 years visited a hospital emergency department (ED) for a nonfatal sexual assault injury during 2004-2006. Although risks tend to increase with age, persons in the youngest age group (youths aged 10--14 years) also are affected. For example, among persons aged 10-14 years, 16,000 females became pregnant in 2004, nearly 18,000 males and females were reported to have sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in 2006, and 27,500 females visited a hospital ED because of a nonfatal sexual assault injury during 2004-2006. Noticeable disparities exist in the sexual and reproductive health of young persons in the United States. For example, pregnancy rates for female Hispanic and non-Hispanic black adolescents aged 15-19 years are much higher (132.8 and 128.0 per 1,000 population) than their non-Hispanic white peers (45.2 per 1,000 population). Non-Hispanic black young persons are more likely to be affected by AIDS: for example, black female adolescents aged 15-19 years were more likely to be living with AIDS (49.6 per 100,000 population) than Hispanic (12.2 per 100,000 population), American Indian/Alaska Native (2.6 per 100,000 population), non-Hispanic white (2.5 per 100,000 population) and Asian/Pacific Islander (1.3 per 100,000 population) adolescents. In 2006, among young persons aged 10-24 years, rates for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis were highest among non-Hispanic blacks for all age groups. The southern states tend to have the highest rates of negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including early pregnancy and STDs. Although the majority of negative outcomes have been declining for the past decade, the most recent data suggest that progress might be slowing, and certain negative sexual health outcomes are increasing. For example, birth rates among adolescents aged 15-19 years decreased annually during 1991-2005 but increased during 2005-2007, from 40.5 live births per 1,000 females in 2005 to 42.5 in 2007 (preliminary data). The annual rate of AIDS diagnoses reported among males aged 15-19 years has nearly doubled in the past 10 years, from 1.3 cases per 100,000 population in 1997 to 2.5 cases in 2006. Similarly, after decreasing for >20 years, gonorrhea infection rates among adolescents and young adults have leveled off or had modest fluctuations (e.g., rates among males aged 15-19 years ranged from 285.7 cases per 100,000 population in 2002 to 250.2 cases per 100,000 population in 2004 and then increased to 275.4 cases per 100,000 population in 2006), and rates for syphilis have been increasing (e.g., rates among females aged 15-19 years increased from 1.5 cases per 100,000 population in 2004 to 2.2 cases per 100,000 population in 2006) after a significant decrease during 1997-2005.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | YOUTH | ETHNIC GROUPS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | ABORTION | VIOLENCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 342146 Notification

13.

14.

Title: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in developing countries: an overview of trends and interventions.
Author: Hindin MJ; Fatusi AO
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):58-62.
Abstract: Today there are more than one billion 10-19 year olds, 70% of whom live in developing nations. They are growing up with greater access to formal education, an increasing need for computer skills and Internet literacy, different job opportunities, and more exposure to new ideas through media, telecommunications, and other avenues. The environment in which young people are making decisions related to sexual and reproductive health is also rapidly evolving. Rates of sexual initiation during young adulthood are rising or remaining unchanged in many developing countries; childbearing and marriage are increasingly unlinked; and in many countries, high HIV prevalence adds to the risks associated with early sexual activity.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | NEEDS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERVENTIONS | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Education | Child Rearing | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 339886

15.

Title: Ten reasons to still keep the focus on teen childbearing.
Author: Holcombe E; Peterson K; Manlove J
Source: Washington, D.C., Child Trends, 2009 Mar. 6 p. (Child Trends Research BriefPublication No. 2009-10)
Abstract: Seven years ago, Child Trends drew on statistics and research findings to produce a report called Ten Reasons to Keep the Focus on Teen Childbearing. That report took note of the steady decline in the nation's teenage pregnancy and childbearing rates, beginning in 1991. But the report also acknowledged that 'this good news isn't good enough news,' citing multiple reasons to continue to be worried about teen childbearing. These reasons have taken on greater urgency in light of data showing that the teen birth rate in the United States increased in 2006 and 2007. This reversal has spurred renewed concerns about the problem of 'kids having kids' on the part of parents, policy makers, service providers, researchers, and others -- for good reason. Being a parent is not an easy job, but when the parent is a teenager, the job is tougher still. When teens become parents, they face formidable obstacles on the road to a better life for themselves and their children. Moreover, teen parenthood imposes huge financial and other burdens on society as a whole. Thus, it remains important to keep the focus on teen childbearing and seek to reduce the number of unintended teen pregnancies and births in the nation. This Research Brief updates Child Trends' 2002 report to make the case for why teenage childbearing deserves continued attention.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | RISK FACTORS | IMPACT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | INTERVENTIONS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health | Communication | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331483

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Term pregnancy with intraperitoneal levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a case report and review of the literature.
Author: Hopkins MR; Agudelo-Suarez P; El-Nashar SA; Creedon DJ; Rose CH; Famuyide AO
Source: Contraception. 2009 Apr;79(4):323-7.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of adverse effects of fetal exposure to the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has not been established. STUDY DESIGN: In this case report and literature review, we describe a pregnant patient with an intraperitoneal LNG-IUS and the subsequent maternal and neonatal outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed to identify similar clinical reports. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from inception through March 2007. RESULTS: The pregnancy progressed uneventfully and culminated in the elective cesarean delivery of a full-term healthy boy. Of the 35 pregnancies identified in the literature review (34 pregnancies with intrauterine LNG-IUS and 1 term delivery with intraperitoneal LNG-IUS), congenital anomalies were reported in 2 infants (6%). CONCLUSIONS: Fetal exposure to LNG-IUS is associated with a low frequency of congenital anomalies.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | LEVONORGESTREL | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTION | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Family Planning | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Reproduction
Document Number: 341632

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Empowering teenagers to prevent pregnancy: lessons from South Africa.
Author: Jewkes R; Morrell R; Christofides N
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Oct;11(7):675-688.
Abstract: In South Africa, the rate of teenage pregnancy is high but has declined substantially over the last 20 years. In this paper, the authors argue that the key to the country�s success has been an empowering social policy agenda that has sought to make young people aware of their rights and the risks of sexual intercourse. Furthermore, family responses and education policy have greatly reduced the potential negative impact of teenage pregnancy on the lives of teenage girls. However, more attention should be paid to issues of gender and sexuality, including the terms and conditions under which teenagers have sex. There needs to be critical reflection and engagement with men and boys on issues of masculinity, including their role in child rearing, as well as examination within families of their support for pregnancy prevention and their responses to pregnancies.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | SOCIAL POLICY | SEX EDUCATION | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | GENDER ISSUES | SEXUALITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341492

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Psychological and behavioural factors associated with sexual risk behaviour among Slovak students.
Author: Kalina O; Geckova AM; Jarcuska P; Orosova O; van Dijk JP; Reijneveld A
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jan 13;9(15):[10] p.
Abstract: Knowledge about the prevalence of sexual risk behaviour (SRB) in adolescence is needed to prevent unwanted health consequences. Studies on SRB among adolescents in Central Europe are rare and mostly rely on a single indicator for SRB. This study aims to assess the association of behavioural and psychological factors with three types of SRB in adolescents in Central Europe. We obtained data on behavioural factors (having been drunk during previous month, smoking during previous week, early sexual initiation), psychological factors (self-esteem, wellbeing, extroversion, neuroticism, religiousness), and SRB (intercourse under risky conditions, multiple sexual partners, and inconsistent condom use) in 832 Slovak university students (response 94.3%). Among those with sexual experience (62%), inconsistent condom use was the most prevalent risk behaviour (81% in females, 72% in males). With the exception of having been drunk in males, no factor was associated with inconsistent condom use. Regarding the other types of SRB, early sexual initiation was most strongly associated. In addition, other, mostly behavioural, factors were associated, in particular having been drunk. Results suggest that behavioural factors are more closely related to SRB than psychological factors. Associations differ by type of SRB and gender but offer few clues to target risk groups for inconsistent condom use. Results show a high need for health-promotion programmes in early adolescence that target SRB in conjunction with other health risk behaviours such as alcohol abuse.
Language: English
Keywords:
SLOVAKIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | SEXUAL PARTNERS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | KNOWLEDGE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SELF ESTEEM | RELIGION | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Behavior | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 329530

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Trends in sexual experience, contraceptive use, and teenage childbearing: 1992-2002.
Author: Manlove J; Ikramullah E; Mincieli L; Holcombe E; Danish S
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 May;44(5):413-23.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To examine how cohort trends in family, individual, and relationship characteristics are linked to trends in adolescent reproductive health outcomes to provide a better understanding of factors behind recent declines in teenage birth rates. METHODS: We examine a sample of three cohorts of females and males aged 15-19 in 1992, 1997, and 2002, based on retrospective information from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. We identify how family, individual, and relationship characteristics are associated with the transition to sexual intercourse, contraceptive use at first sex, and the transition to a teen birth. RESULTS: Cohort trends and multivariate analyses indicate changes in family and relationship characteristics among American teens have been associated with positive trends in reproductive health since the early 1990s. Factors associated with improvement in adolescent reproductive health include positive changes in family environments (including increases in parental education and a reduced likelihood of being born to a teen mother) and positive trends in sexual relationships (including an increasing age at first sex and reductions in older partners). These positive trends may be offset, in part, by negative changes in family environments (including an increased likelihood of being born to unmarried parents) and the changing racial/ethnic composition of the teen population. CONCLUSIONS: Recent increases in the U.S. teen birth rate highlight the continued importance of improving reproductive health outcomes. Our research suggests that it is important for programs to take into consideration how family, individual, and relationship environments influence decision-making about sex, contraception, and childbearing.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COHORT ANALYSIS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | HEALTH SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANT WOMEN | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | BIRTH RATE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Health | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Measurements
Document Number: 331077

20.

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Risk and protective factors that affect adolescent reproductive health in developing countries: A structured literature review.
Author: Mmari K; Blum RW
Source: Global Public Health. 2009 May 21;4(4):350-366.
Abstract: A comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted on studies that examined factors that are most important to adolescent reproductive health relating to ever having had premarital sex, condom use, pregnancy, early childbearing, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV. While the search identified more than 11,000 publications, only 61 were retained for the final analysis. The results show that factors that were significantly associated to the outcomes were primarily related to the adolescents themselves. In fact, very few factors outside the individual were found to be related to sexual risk behaviors. This contrasts to similar research conducted among youth samples in the United States.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | RISK FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | HIV INFECTIONS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Viral Diseases | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341472

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Adolescent pregnancies and deliveries: problems encountered.
Author: Nkwabong E; Fomulu JN
Source: Tropical Doctor. 2009 Jan;39(1):9-11.
Abstract: Teenage pregnancies are increasing and need special attention. The aim of this retrospective study, conducted from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2004 at the maternity department of the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon, was to analyze the evolution of pregnancy and delivery in primiparous teenagers. The medical files of 190 teenagers and 403 patients aged between 20 and 25 years were analyzed and compared. Mean gestational age, the rate of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease and the caesarean section rate were similar in both groups. However, there were a greater number of low Apgar scores, vaginal tears and instrumental deliveries in teenagers. Those aged 15 years or less had the additional risk of an increased rate of preterm labour, low birth weight and early neonatal death. Therefore, pregnancies and deliveries among teenagers, especially those aged 15 years or less, should be monitored regularly.
Language: English
Keywords:
CAMEROON | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | CHILDBIRTH | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PRIMIPARITY | AGE FACTORS | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | CESAREAN SECTION | PREMATURE BIRTH | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Diseases | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 331070

23.

Title: Preparing daughters: the context of rurality on mothers' role in contraception.
Author: Noone J; Young HM
Source: Journal of Rural Health. 2009 Summer;25(3):282-9.
Abstract: CONTEXT: The United States continues to have the highest rate of adolescent childbearing among developed countries. Lack of access and disadvantage contribute to this problem, which disproportionately impacts rural women. Given the increased difficulty rural young women face regarding contraceptive access, parental communication and support play an even more vital role in assisting them to navigate decisions about and access to contraception. PURPOSE: To examine rural women's perspectives on how living in a rural area impacts issues surrounding pregnancy prevention for their daughters and parent-child communication regarding pregnancy prevention. METHODS: Open-ended interviews were conducted with 30 mothers of adolescent women in 3 rural counties in southern Oregon. Thematic analysis within and across interviews using constant comparative analysis was used to explore barriers, facilitators and strategies mothers identified in talking with their daughters about contraception. FINDINGS: Specific themes found that related to the rural environment included (1) conservatism, (2) isolation, (3) lack of privacy, (4) stigma, (5) the paradox of the rural environment, and (6) the uniqueness of rural life. CONCLUSIONS: The context of living in a rural environment may present unique barriers to facilitate parent-child communication when discussing intimate topics. The design of interventions needs to take into consideration these issues, particularly when attempting to serve hard-to-reach populations.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OREGON | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | MOTHERS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | PRIVACY | STIGMA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Family Planning | Child Rearing | Behavior | Communication | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Social Problems
Document Number: 341797

24.

Title: Factors associated with maternal death in women admitted to an intensive care unit with severe maternal morbidity.
Author: Oliveira Neto AF; Parpinelli MA; Cecatti JG; Souza JP; Sousa MH
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jun;105(3):252-6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with maternal death among women with severe maternal morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective study of 673 women admitted to an obstetric intensive care unit was undertaken. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for selected characteristics. The maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity ratios were determined for groups of complications according to outcome (death or survival). RESULTS: The risk of maternal death was higher among adolescents (OR 3.3; 95% CI, 1-9.7) and patients referred from other hospitals (OR 9.8; 95% CI, 2.7-53.3). The severe maternal morbidity ratio was 46.6 per 1000 deliveries and the mortality:morbidity ratio 1:37.4. Obstetric complications led to 65.8% of admissions and 50% of maternal deaths. The number of interventions/procedures and total maximum sequential organ failure assessment score were higher in cases of death. CONCLUSION: The strong association between interhospital transfer and maternal death suggests delays in diagnosis, management, and referral. Adopting organ dysfunction-based criteria may contribute toward identifying the most severe cases.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREGNANCY | MORBIDITY | EMERGENCY SERVICES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Mortality | Reproduction | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 341371

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Are female orphans at risk for early marriage, early sexual debut, and teen pregnancy? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Palermo T; Peterman A
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):101-112.
Abstract: Female orphans are widely cited as being at risk for early marriage, early childbearing, and risky sexual behavior; however, to date no studies have examined these linkages using population-level data across multiple countries. This study draws from recent Demographic and Health Surveys from ten sub-Saharan African countries to examine the relationship between orphanhood status and measures of early marriage, early sexual debut, and teen pregnancy among adolescent girls aged 15 to 17. Results indicate that, overall, little association is found between orphanhood and early marriage or teen pregnancy, whereas evidence from seven countries supports associations between orphanhood and early sexual debut. Findings are sensitive to the use of multivariate models, type of orphan, and country setting. Orphanhood status alone may not be a sufficient targeting mechanism for addressing these outcomes in many countries; a broader, multidimensional targeting scheme including orphan type, schooling, and poverty measures would be more robust in identifying and aiding young women at risk.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | AIDS | MARRIAGE AGE | FIRST INTERCOURSE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | RISK FACTORS | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Health
Document Number: 341894

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Contraceptive method at first sexual intercourse and subsequent pregnancy risk: findings from a secondary analysis of 16-year-old girls from the RIPPLE and SHARE studies.
Author: Parkes A; Wight D; Henderson M; Stephenson J; Strange V
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Jan;44(1):55-63.
Abstract: Purpose: Existing failure rate studies indicate that typical use of oral contraception (OC) results in fewer unplanned pregnancies than condom use, even among teenagers. However, comparative data on pregnancy risk associated with different contraceptive methods are lacking for younger teenagers starting their first sexual relationship. This study examined associations between contraceptive method at first intercourse and subsequent pregnancy in 16-year-old girls. Methods: Six thousand three hundred forty-eight female pupils from 51 secondary schools completed a questionnaire at mean age 16 years; 2,501 girls reported sexual intercourse. Logistic regression (N _ 1952) was used to model the association of contraceptive method at first intercourse with pregnancy. Results: At first intercourse (median age 15 years) 54% reported using condoms only, 11% dual OC and condoms, 4% OC only, 4% emergency contraception, and 21% no effective method. Method used was associated with a similar method at a most recent intercourse. One in 10 girls reported a pregnancy. When compared to use of condoms only, greater pregnancy risk was found with no effective method (odds ratio [OR] 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-4.15) or OC only (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.29-4.60). Pregnancy risk for dual use and emergency contraception did not differ from that for condoms only. Both significant effects were partially attenuated by adjusting for user characteristics and sexual activity. Conclusions: Young teenagers may use OC less efficiently than condoms for pregnancy prevention. The characteristics of those using OC-only confirm vulnerability to unintended pregnancy, and suggest that alternative contraceptive strategies should be considered for these young women.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Diseases
Document Number: 330161

27.
Title: Does access to contraception raise teenage pregnancy rates?
Author: Paton D
Source: Nursing Times. 2009 Mar 24-30;105(11):11.
Abstract: Since the government launched its Teenage Pregnancy Strategy in 1999, millions of pounds have been spent on access to 'confidential sexual health services' for young people. Many nurses are uncomfortable with providing such services to children under 16, especially without parental knowledge. Unfortunately, the latest data shows that pregnancy and abortion rates for under-16s are higher now. Given this, nurses may be questioning whether they have been right to go along with this policy. A 2007 Obstetrics and Gynecology review of the evidence relating to emergency contraception concluded that 'to date, no study has shown that increased access to [emergency contraception] reduces unintended pregnancy or abortion rates' (Raymond et al, 2007). When policy interventions have unexpected impacts that subvert the aim of the policy, economists often refer to the law of unintended consequences. In this case, by lowering the pregnancy risk, easier access to birth control may encourage more young people to engage in sexual activity. If so, pregnancies decrease among those who would have sex anyway, but increase among those who have sex when they otherwise would not have done. Overall, we end up with a similar number of pregnancies but with more sexually active underage youngsters. Many contraceptive methods offer no protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Research published in Sex Education suggests increased access to emergency contraception may be associated with higher teenage STI rates (Paton, 2006). On a positive note, academic evidence is clear that involving parents in the decision-making is crucial. When the Gillick ruling was in effect in England and Wales during most of 1985, contraception could not be provided to underage girls without parental involvement. Take-up at family planning clinics dropped by about 30%, yet underage pregnancy rates decreased slightly relative to older teenagers. The ruling was overturned in late 1985. In addition, research in the Journal of Health Economics and elsewhere reveals that laws requiring parental consent before an abortion is performed on a minor lead to significant decreases in teenage abortions, pregnancies and even STIs (Levine, 2003). It is unclear why it has taken so long for the findings to filter down to nurses. Whatever the reason, nurses might remember that although the Fraser guidelines permit nurses to provide minors with access to abortion and contraception without parental knowledge if they can make informed decisions, they do not require nurses to do so. Furthermore, all health professionals-and taxpayers -should question why PCTs spend resources on measures such as school-based provision of emergency contraception that, at best, are ineffective and, at worst, may contribute to poor sexual health among teenagers.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTION | DECISION MAKING | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331149

28.
Title: Making dreams, not babies: the power of hope in a teen family planning clinic.
Author: Raines K
Source: Creative Nursing. 2009;15(3):117-20.
Abstract: Teenage pregnancy is a significant social issue in the United States, resulting in increased levels of poverty. Most public health family planning efforts have traditionally focused on teaching teens the how-to of contraception, with little focus on teaching the why-to. During my time as a nurse practitioner in a public health department family planning clinic, I developed a method to open discussions with patients about the possibilities of a future that includes delayed childbearing. My experience with this strategy taught me that hope may indeed be the most powerful contraceptive of all.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | NURSES AND NURSING | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING CENTERS | POVERTY | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | CHILD REARING | INCOME | HAPPINESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Facilities | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior | Emotions | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 342620

29.

Title: Rising U.S. teen fertility.
Author: Saenz R; Conde E
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2009 Feb. [3] p.
Abstract: The United States has higher fertility rates among teenage girls compared with other developed countries of the world. For example, girls ages 15 to 19 have fertility rates more than five times higher than their counterparts in developed countries such as France, Italy, Japan, Slovenia, and Switzerland. Nonetheless, the fertility rate of girls ages 15 to 19 declined consecutively over the period from 1991 to 2005. During this time, the fertility rate of the age group dropped by one-third, from 61.8 births per 1,000 girls ages 15 to 19 in 1991 to 40.5 in 2005. However, the latest data for 2006 may point to a reversal of this trend, with the fertility rate inching upward to 41.9. This trend is of great concern because adolescent pregnancy has been associated with unemployment, poverty, repeated pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, infant mortality, high risk pregnancy, and lower educational achievement. Furthermore, teenage pregnancy is a primary indicator of adult poverty among women.
Language: English
Keywords:
FRANCE | ITALY | JAPAN | SLOVENIA | SWITZERLAND | SUMMARY REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | UNEMPLOYMENT | POVERTY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | INFANT MORTALITY | PREGNANCY, HIGH RISK | FERTILITY RATE | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Europe, Southern | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Mortality | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements
Document Number: 331480

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reasons for ineffective contraceptive use antedating adolescent pregnancies part 1: an indicator of gaps in family planning services.
Author: Sheeder J; Tocce K; Stevens-Simon C
Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2009 May;13(3):295-305.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Identify new ways to increase the impact of pregnancy prevention interventions on the number of children born to adolescents. METHODS: The study participants, a racially/ethnically diverse group of 1,568, pregnant 13-18 year olds, reported why they had not used contraception at the time of conception. Their explanations were sorted into categories. The frequency with which each category was endorsed, the stability of these endorsements (Kappa statistic), and differences between adolescents who endorsed each category (stepwise logistic regression) were examined at two points in gestation. RESULTS: "Not ready to prevent pregnancy" was the most frequently endorsed category; it was often the only category endorsed. Logistical barriers and misperceptions about the need for contraception were the least frequently endorsed categories. The reasons individual patients gave for not using contraception changed (K < or = 0.4) during gestation. Yet, adolescents who were not ready to prevent conception consistently differed from those who were; they were more apt to be Hispanic, to live in non-chaotic environments with an adult father of the child rather than their parents, and to have goals compatible with adolescent childbearing. CONCLUSIONS: The most expedient way to strengthen the impact of pregnancy prevention programs on adolescent childbearing is to shift the focus of intervention from overcoming logistical barriers and misperceptions about the need for contraception, to helping young women develop goals that make adolescent childbearing a threat to what they want in life. This means intervening actively enough to ensure that goal setting translates into an internal desire to postpone childbearing beyond adolescence.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SOCIAL NETWORKS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 342485


	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy