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Title: Voluntary population planning activities -- supplemental requirements (January 2009) [letter]
Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Bureau for Management. Office of Acquisition and Assistance
Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, Bureau for Management, Office of Acquisition and Assistance, 2009 Jan 26. [5] p.
Abstract: The purpose of this letter is to amend the Standard provisions of all grants and cooperative agreements involving any aspect of voluntary population planning activities and which contain the provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (May 2006). This provision is deleted and replaced by the new provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (January 2009) which removes the conditions relating to the Mexico City Policy that were set forth in the May 2006 version of the provision. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | USAID | STANDARDIZATION | GRANTS | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | INCENTIVES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | ABORTION LAW | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Data Adjustment | Research Methodology | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception
Document Number: 331346 Notification

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Title: Awareness and views of the law on termination of pregnancy and reasons for resorting to an abortion among a group of women attending a clinic in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Author: Abeyasinghe NL; Weerasundera BJ; Jayawardene PA; Somarathna SD
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2009 Apr;16(3):134-7.
Abstract: In Sri Lanka, induced abortion is a criminal offence except to save the life of the mother. This study determined the awareness and views of the law on abortion among women seeking an abortion. Three hundred and thirteen women were interviewed. The characteristics of the study group are discussed. 65.8% of the respondents stated they knew the current law, 25.6% stated they did not and 8.3% were unsure. On detailed analysis of each respondent's knowledge regarding the situations where abortion is legalized including those who stated that they did not know the law, only 11.2% had an accurate knowledge. More than 75% stated that abortion should be legalized when the mother's life was in danger, where there was pregnancy after rape or incest, when there was psychiatric illness in the mother and when there were fetal anomalies. Reasons for resorting to an abortion are discussed. Although 11.2% were aware of the law, there was no difference in the reasons for resorting to an abortion when compared with those who were unaware of the law. This study highlights the fact that availability of abortion services to women depend not only on the law and its awareness, but on how it is interpreted and enforced.
Language: English
Keywords:
SRI LANKA | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | AWARENESS | INTERVIEWS | ABORTION RATE | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception
Document Number: 342188 Notification

Title: Integrating population, health, and environment in Uganda.
Author: Bremner J; Zuehlke E
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2009 Jun. 6 p. (Policy Brief)
Abstract: After decades of instability and civil conflict, Uganda has enjoyed relative stability, sustained economic growth, and great improvements in health over the last 20 years. During the same period, Uganda's population has grown rapidly, and in 2009 surpassed 30 million people. This rapid population growth is contributing to the degradation of Uganda's natural resources, the backbone of the country's economy and household livelihoods. Continued reductions in poverty depend in large part on finding innovative and integrated solutions to the complex population, health, and environment problems affecting Uganda's poorest people.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | AFRICA, NORTH | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | POSTABORTION CARE
Document Number: 342029

Title: From reproductive choice to reproductive justice.
Author: Cook RJ; Dickens BM
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 6;
Abstract: Since the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development, the human rights movement has embraced the concept of reproductive rights. These are often pursued, however, by means to which objection is taken. Some conservative political and religious forces continue to resist implementation of several means of protecting and advancing reproductive rights. Individuals' rights to grant and to deny consent to medical procedures affecting their reproductive health and confidentiality have been progressively advanced. However, access to contraceptive services, while not necessarily opposed, is unjustifiably obstructed in some settings. Rights to lawful abortion have been considerably liberalized by legislative and judicial decisions, although resistance remains. Courts are increasingly requiring that lawful services be accommodated under transparent conditions of access and of legal protection. The conflict between rights of resort to lawful reproductive health services and to conscientious objection to participation is resolved by legal duties to refer patients to non-objecting providers.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | RELIGION | CONSERVATISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | CONTRACEPTION | ABORTION LAW | LITIGATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Human Rights | Sociocultural Factors | Ethics | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Program Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 341457

Title: Healthcare responsibilities and conscientious objection.
Author: Cook RJ; Olaya MA; Dickens BM
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Mar;104(3):249-52.
Abstract: The Constitutional Court of Colombia has issued a decision of international significance clarifying legal duties of providers, hospitals, and healthcare systems when conscientious objection is made to conducting lawful abortion. The decision establishes objecting providers' duties to refer patients to non-objecting providers, and that hospitals, clinics, and other institutions have no rights of conscientious objection. Their professional and legal duties are to ensure that patients receive timely services. Hospitals and other administrators cannot object, because they do not participate in the procedures they are obliged to arrange. Objecting providers, and hospitals, must maintain knowledge of non-objecting providers to whom their patients must be referred. Accordingly, medical schools must adequately train, and licensing authorities approve, non-objecting providers. Where they are unavailable, midwives and perhaps nurse practitioners may be trained, equipped, and approved for appropriate service delivery. The Court's decision has widespread implications for how healthcare systems must accommodate conscientious objection and patients' legal rights.
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | CRITIQUE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | ABORTION LAW | COURT DECISION | CONSTITUTION | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | ETHICS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Litigation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341638

Title: Trends of abortion complications in a transition of abortion law revisions in Ethiopia.
Author: Gebrehiwot Y; Liabsuetrakul T
Source: Journal of Public Health. 2009 Mar;31(1):81-7.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence from developed countries has shown that abortion-related mortality and morbidity has decreased with the liberalization of the abortion law. This study aimed to assess the trend of hospital-based abortion complications during the transition of legalization in Ethiopia in May 2005. METHODS: Medical records of women with abortion complications from 2003 to 2007 were reviewed (n = 773). Abortion and its complications with regard to legalization were described by rates and ratios, and predictors of fatal outcomes were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall and abortion-related maternal mortality ratios (AMMRs) showed a non-statistically significant downward trend over the 5-year period. However, the case fatality rate of abortion increased from 1.1% in 2003 to 3.6% in 2007. Late gestational age, history of interference and presenting after new abortion legislation passed have been found to be significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: Decreased trends of abortion ratio and the AMMR were identified, but the severity of abortion complications and the case fatality rate increased during the transition of legal revision.
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | CLIENTS | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | MATERNAL MORTALITY | MORTALITY CHANGES | ABORTION RATE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 341640

Peer Reviewed

Title: Changes in abortion provider practices in response to the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.
Author: Haddad L; Yanow S; Delli-Bovi L; Cosby K; Weitz TA
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):379-84.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The April 2007 Supreme Court Gonzalez v. Gonzalez v. Carhart decision upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. We conducted a pilot study that measured the impact of the ban in one state with a diverse pool of second-trimester abortion providers. STUDY DESIGN: A survey was administered via telephone to key informants at each facility in Massachusetts where second-trimester abortions are performed in order to assess clinical and administrative changes following the Supreme Court decision. RESULTS: Five hospital-based practices introduced injections to induce fetal demise prior to dilation and evacuation for later second-trimester abortions. One site stopped providing dilation and evacuation abortions in the absence of fetal or maternal indications, and another significantly decreased its volume of procedures. Training opportunities were decreased, and costs at three facilities increased. CONCLUSIONS: The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 resulted in a range of practice changes in Massachusetts, particularly in hospitals. These changes reflect adherence to legal and policy mandates and not the availability of new scientific evidence. Further study to assess the impact of the ban in states with fewer providers is warranted.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION LAW | CHANGES | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | ABORTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction
Document Number: 342085 Notification

Peer Reviewed

Title: Exploring the costs and economic consequences of unsafe abortion in Mexico City before legalisation.
Author: Levin C; Grossman D; Berdichevsky K; Diaz C; Aracena B; Garcia SG
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):120-132.
Abstract: An assessment of abortion outcomes and costs to the health care system in Mexico City was conducted in 2005 at a mix of public and private facilities prior to the legalisation of abortion. Data were obtained from hospital staff, administrative records and patients. Direct cost estimates included personnel, drugs, disposable supplies, and medical equipment for inducing abortion or treating incomplete abortions and other complications. Indirect patient costs for travel, childcare and lost wages were also estimated. The average cost per abortion with dilatation and curettage was US $143. For manual vacuum aspiration it was US $111 in three public hospitals and US $53 at a private clinic. The average cost of medical abortion with misoprostol alone was US $79. The average cost of treating severe abortion complications at the public hospitals ranged from US $601 to over US $2,100. Increasing access to manual vacuum aspiration and early abortion with misoprostol could reduce government costs by 62%, with potential savings of up to US $1.6 million per year. Reducing complications by improving access to safe services in outpatient settings would further reduce the costs of abortion care, with significant benefits both to Mexico's health care system and women seeking abortion. Additional research is needed to explore whether cost savings have been realised post-legalisation.
Spanish Abstract: En 2005, antes de la legalizaci�n del aborto en el Distrito Federal de M�xico, se realiz� una evaluaci�n del impacto y los costos del aborto en el sistema de salud del D.F., en diversos establecimientos p�blicos y privados. Se obtuvieron datos de personal hospitalario, registros administrativos y pacientes. Los c�lculos de costos directos inclu�an personal, medicamentos, suministros desechables, y equipo m�dico para inducir el aborto o tratar abortos incompletos y otras complicaciones. Tambi�n se calcularon los costos indirectos de las pacientes en viajes, cuido de ni�os y sueldos perdidos. El costo promedio por cada aborto con dilataci�n y curetaje fue de US $143. Para la aspiraci�n manual endouterina (AMEU), fue de US $111 en tres hospitales p�blicos y US $53 en una cl�nica privada. El costo promedio del aborto inducido con misoprostol solo fue de US $79. El costo promedio de tratar las complicaciones graves del aborto en los hospitales p�blicos vari� de US $601 a m�s de US $2,100. Al ampliar el acceso a la AMEU y al aborto precoz con misoprostol, se podr�an disminuir los costos gubernamentales en un 62%, un posible ahorro de hasta US $1.6 millones al a�o. Al disminuir las complicaciones tras mejorar el acceso a los servicios seguros en �mbitos ambulatorios, disminuir�an tambi�n los costos de la atenci�n del aborto, lo cual ser�a un gran beneficio tanto para el sistema de salud de M�xico como para las mujeres que buscan servicios de aborto. A�n se necesitan m�s investigaciones para explorar si se han logrado ahorros en costos post-legalizaci�n.
French Abstract: En 2005, avant la l�galisation de l'avortement, on a �valu� les r�sultats et le co�t de l'avortement sur le syst�me sanitaire � Mexico, dans des �tablissements publics et priv�s. Les donn�es ont �t� obtenues aupr�s du personnel hospitalier et des patientes, et dans les dossiers administratifs. Les estimations directes des co�ts incluaient le personnel, les m�dicaments, les consommables et l'�quipement m�dical pour provoquer l'avortement ou traiter les avortements incomplets et d'autres complications. Les frais indirects de d�placement, de garde d'enfants et de perte de gain des patientes ont aussi �t� calcul�s. Le co�t moyen par avortement avec dilatation et curetage �tait de $US143. Par aspiration manuelle, il �tait de $US 111 dans trois h�pitaux publics et $US 53 dans une clinique priv�e. Le co�t moyen de l'avortement m�dicamenteux avec du misoprostol seul �tait de $US 79. En moyenne, le traitement des complications graves de l'avortement dans les h�pitaux publics allait de $US 601 � plus de $US 2100. Un acc�s �largi � l'aspiration manuelle et � l'avortement pr�coce au misoprostol permettrait de r�duire de 62% les co�ts gouvernementaux, avec des �conomies potentielles se chiffrant � $US 1,6 million par an. En r�duisant les complications par l'am�lioration de l'acc�s � des services ambulatoires s�rs, on diminuerait encore le co�t des soins de l'avortement, avec de nets avantages pour le syst�me de sant� mexicain et les femmes souhaitant avorter. Il faut mener des recherches suppl�mentaires pour d�terminer si des �conomies ont �t� r�alis�es apr�s l'adoption de la l�galisation.
Language: English
Keywords:
MEXICO | URBAN AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | EXPENDITURES | FEES | CERVICAL DILATATION | CURETTAGE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Program Evaluation | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation
Document Number: 342021 Notification

11.

Title: Mexico City Policy and assistance for voluntary population planning [memorandum]
Author: Obama BH
Source: Washington, D.C., White House, 2009 Jan 23. [2] p.
Abstract: Memorandum for the Secretary of State and the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development with appended statement of President Barack Obama on rescinding the Mexico City policy, including the following: "It is clear that the provisions of the Mexico City Policy are unnecessarily broad and unwarranted under current law, and for the past eight years, they have undermined efforts to promote safe and effective voluntary family planning in developing countries. For these reasons, it is right for us to rescind this policy and restore critical efforts to protect and empower women and promote global economic development.", The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (23 Jan 2009). White House press statement appended 31 Mar 2009. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FOREIGN AID | USAID | GRANTS | STANDARDS | POPULATION POLICY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Research Methodology
Document Number: 331358 Notification

12.
Title: Induced abortion amongst undergradute students of University of Port Harcourt.
Author: Oriji VK; Jeremiah I; Kasso T
Source: Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2009 Apr-Jun;18(2):199-202.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Induced abortion is the termination of pregnancy through a deliberate intervention intended to end the pregnancy. This practice is widespread in Nigeria despite the restrictive abortion laws in Nigeria. Many women still undergo induced abortion every year and endanger their health and lives as induced abortion can only be procured illegally in Nigeria. We hope to determine the proportion of undergraduate students who had induced abortion in the past and the contributing factors. To determine the proportion of the undergraduate students who support the restrictive abortion laws in Nigeria. METHOD: A cross sectional questionnaire survey of undergraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt was done through a cluster sampling method along with focus group discussion with some of the respondents. 451 out of 500 administered questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed. RESULT: The incidence of induced abortion amongst the respondents was 47.2%. About 40% had never used an effective form of contraception in the past and 13% were unaware of contraception. 77.9% of the induced abortion was by dilation and curettage and 1% by manual vacuum aspiration. Up to two third of the respondents were against legalization of abortion. CONCLUSION: Up to 47% of these undergraduates had performed abortion in the past. Protecting educational career was the single most important reason for this. Although most of these undergraduates are against legalizing abortion, they highly patronize unsafe abortion. Improving contraceptive awareness and usage will reduce unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion. This option appears next to total abstinence in reducing the morbidity and mortality from induced abortion in this country.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | FOCUS GROUPS | STUDENTS | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | QUESTIONNAIRES | MOTIVATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Education | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 342594 Notification

13.

Title: Incidence of induced abortions in Peru [letter]
Author: Puccetti R
Source: CMAJ. 2009 May 26;180(11):1133; author reply 1133-4.
Abstract: Antonio Bernab�-Ortiz and colleagues misleadingly assert that, although access to induced abortion services is legally restricted in Peru, the incidence of induced abortion is "as high as, or higher than, the estimated incidence in many countries where induced abortion is legal and safe." The abortion rate (the number of abortions per 1000 women of reproductive age) is greatly influenced by a number of factors, namely contraceptive behaviour and fertility rates, and thus it is not a good measure to use to evaluate the impact of the legal status of abortion on the incidence of abortions in a particular jurisdiction. The estimated total fertility rate is 2.86 in Peru; in comparison, it is 2.04 in the United States and 1.66 in the United Kingdom. Therefore, it is not surprising that the abortion rate in Peru may be similar to the rates in the United States and United Kingdom. The legal status of abortion may strongly affect postconceptional attitudes concerning pregnancy termination; this effect is much better described by the abortion ratio (the number of abortions per 1000 live births). Of the approximately 8660 pregnancies reported by participants in the study by Bernab�-Ortiz and colleagues, 1127 ended in induced abortions and 996 in spontaneous abortions. This means that there were approximately 6538 live births and the abortion ratio was 172.3. The authors referred to a study with US data from 2001, in which there were 6.4 million pregnancies, 1.1 million spontaneous abortions and 1.3 million induced abortions. The corresponding abortion ratio was 325. More recent US data indicate that there were 1 206 200 abortions and 4 138 349 births in 2005. The corresponding abortion ratio was 291.5. In England and Wales, 193 737 induced abortions and 669 601 live births were registered in 2006, with a corresponding abortion ratio of 289.3. These data show that there is a lower incidence of abortion in Peru than in other countries where abortion is legal. (full-text)
Language: English
Keywords:
PERU | CRITIQUE | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | MEASUREMENT | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements
Document Number: 341641

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Lifetime abortion rate in Iran is estimated to be one per four women.
Author: Ball H
Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2008 Sep;34(3):147.
Abstract: In Iran, where abortion is severely restricted by law, married women aged 15-49 have an estimated 73,000 abortions per year, according to a recent analysis of nationally representative data.1 This translates to 0.26 lifetime abortions per woman. However, the abortion rate varies widely among Iran's provinces, depending largely on regional levels of religiosity and modern contraceptive use. The data used to estimate abortion rates and levels come mainly from a subsample of 87,248 married women aged 15-49 who completed the 2000 Iran Demographic and Health Survey. The women provided information on social and demographic characteristics (including fertility), as well as on factors affecting their reproductive health. Because abortions are difficult to obtain in Iran and are often performed illegally, accurate data on the procedure's incidence were unavailable; thus, the researchers used the so-called residual method to estimate the abortion rate. In this approach, the abortion rate is calculated from a formula that incorporates women's theoretical maximum fertility rate (15.3 children per woman), the total fertility rate for Iran (2.0 children per woman), contraceptive use, postpartum infecundability, and seasonal and absolute spousal separation (due primarily to work-related migration). This rate was then applied to 1996 census data to generate an estimate of the incidence of abortion. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | INDIRECT ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ABORTION RATE | ABORTION LAW | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | ISLAM | AGE FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Analysis | Estimation Techniques | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Population Characteristics | Biology
Document Number: 322605 Notification

15.
Title: [Voluntary pregnancy termination over the first trimester. A five-year observation] Interruzione volontaria di gravidanza oltre il primo trimestre. Cinque anni di
Author: Bastianelli C; Carrara S; D'Andrea G; Filippi V; Farris M
Source: Minerva Ginecologica. 2008 Oct;60(5):383-7.
Abstract: AIM: The law for legalising abortion was approved by the Italian Government in May 1978. In regulating legal abortion this law identifies two different scenarios: one where legal abortion is performed within 90 days of gestational age, and the second where it can be performed beyond this term but within 120 days: ''when pregnancy or delivery can cause a severe damage to the woman's life, in case of severe pathologies, as fetal relevant anomalies or malformations which can cause a severe damage to the woman's physical or psychological health''. Since during the last years an increase of requests for voluntary pregnancy termination (VPT) over 90 days of gestational age has been observed in Italy, it was decided to carry out a retrospective study on the reasons for requesting such an operation. METHODS: All interventions for VPT over 90 days of gestational age performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the University of Rome ''La Sapienza'' between January 2003 and December 2007 have been re-assessed, analysing age of women, obstetric anamnesis, reasons for VPT request, gestational age, mode of intervention, complications due to intervention and days of inpatient admission. RESULTS: During five years 255 women demanded to terminate a pregnancy over the first trimester. In all cases requested have been authorized following a psychological consult assessing a severe damage on psychological health by the Clinical Psychology Service of ''La Sapienza'' University, that in all cases was subsequent to a diagnosis of fetal anomalies, ascertained by a genetic test and/or ultrasound scan. Anomalies were genetic in 112 of cases (43.2%) and morphological, both single and multiple, in 143 of cases (56.8%). In most of the cases (65%) these anomalies have been assessed by ultrasound scan, while in 35% by cariotype analysis. CONCLUSION: After the legalisation in 1978, cases of abortion have constantly increased. More detailed data would be helpful to better understand and face this event.
Language: Italian
Keywords:
ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | LEGISLATION | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | COMPLICATIONS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | INTERVENTIONS | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Diseases | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 330505 Notification

16.
Title: Experiences of abortion in Nepal and menstrual regulation in Bangladesh: a gender analysis.
Author: Bhandari A; Hom NM; Rashid S; Theobald S
Source: Gender and Development. 2008 Jul;16(2):257-272.
Abstract: The extent to which abortion and menstrual regulation services are safe, legal, and women-friendly is a strong proxy of gender equity. This article draws on women's voices from Nepal and Bangladesh to illustrate that even where services are provided legally, women can still face multiple barriers to access to services, and problematic quality of care. This is exacerbated by the stigma which surrounds these services. Stigma is directly related to gender inequality, and is constructed at both the community and provider level. It is imperative to overcome these barriers by promoting gender equality across the board, in all services and all contexts. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | MENSTRUAL REGULATION | GENDER ISSUES | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | SEX DISCRIMINATION | INEQUALITIES | STIGMA | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postcoital | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 327789 Notification

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Developments in laws on induced abortion: 1998-2007.
Author: Boland R
Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2008 Sep;34(3):110-120.
Abstract: Women's lack of access to legal abortion is a major contributing factor to high rates of worldwide maternal mortality and morbidity. This article describes changes in the legal status of abortion in countries around the world since 1998. METHODS: The complete texts of new abortion legislation, most often obtained directly from government Web sites, were reviewed to determine changes. Background information was, where possible, also based on a review of complete legal texts. Other sources include the International Digest of Health Legislation (published by the World Health Organization) and Abortion Policies: A Global Review (published in 2002 by the Population Division of the United Nations). RESULTS: Since 1998, 16 countries have increased the number of grounds on which abortions may be legally performed; in two other countries, state jurisdictions expanded grounds for abortion. Two countries have removed grounds for legal abortion. Other countries maintained existing indications for abortion but adopted changes affecting access to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The worldwide trend toward liberalization of abortion laws observed in 1998 has continued. Recognition of the impact of abortion restrictions on women's human rights has played an increasing role in efforts to provide access to abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | LITERATURE REVIEW | POLICYMAKERS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | ABORTION LAW | LEGISLATION | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 322534 Notification

18.

Title: The impact of government programs on reproductive health disparities: three case studies.
Author: Boonstra HD
Source: Guttmacher Policy Review. 2008 Summer;11(3):6-12.
Abstract: During the last several decades, the health of Americans overall has steadily improved. However, many low-income, poorly educated or disabled Americans, as well as people of color, have not benefited from many of the recent health gains for the population as a whole. Across the board, these groups are disproportionately more likely than others to struggle with diabetes, heart disease, cancer and obesity. Some groups have higher death rates from unintentional injuries and suicide than the general population, and others tend to report more anxiety, pain, sleeplessness and days of depression. Recognizing the magnitude of health inequalities in the United States, one of the goals of the Department of Health and Human Services' Healthy People 2010 is to eliminate health disparities. In the field of sexual and reproductive health, three government initiatives stand out as case studies of policies and their impact on disparities. The first examines the federally funded family planning program, which was a conscious attempt to ensure that any woman-regardless of her age, marital status, income or health insurance status-has access to the contraceptive services she wants and needs. The second highlights the Hyde Amendment, in which the government has abdicated its responsibility to poor women faced with an unintended pregnancy. And the third focuses on a Medicaid eligibility expansion for pregnant women that revolutionized how pregnancy-related care is paid for in this country. Each of these case studies presents a starkly different portrait of government policies and the lessons that can be learned about addressing inequalities in the United States. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | MINORITY GROUPS | WOMEN | INEQUALITIES | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | FAMILY SIZE | POVERTY | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | ABORTION LAW | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Family Planning | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Government Financing | Financial Activities
Document Number: 323168 Notification

19.

Title: Abortion in the Middle East and North Africa.
Author: Dabash R; Roudi-Fahimi F
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2008 Sep. 8 p. (Policy Brief: Gynuity Health Projects)
Abstract: Unsafe abortion is one of the most neglected public health challenges in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region where an estimated one in four pregnancies are unintended--wanting to have a child later or wanting no more children. Many women with unintended pregnancies resort to clandestine abortions that are not safe. According to the World Health Organization, around 1.5 million abortions in MENA in 2003 were performed in unsanitary settings, by unskilled providers, or both. Complications from those abortions accounted for 11 percent of maternal deaths in the region. Abortion is one of the oldest medical practices, evidence of which dates back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Abortion techniques used by Egyptian pharaohs were documented in the ancient Ebers Papyrus (1550 B.C.). It is believed that during the Middle Ages, abortion techniques were adopted and accepted by Western Europe and later diffused across the globe. Today, medical and scientific advances have made abortion a safe procedure when offered under medical supervision and with high standards of care. Yet each year, thousands of women in the developing world die and millions more are left with temporary or permanent disabilities because of unsafe abortion. This policy brief explores the public health concerns surrounding abortion in MENA and discusses ways to make it both rarer and safer.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | AFRICA, NORTH | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | POSTABORTION CARE | Africa | Developing Countries | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 323117 Notification

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Second trimester abortions in India.
Author: Dalvie SS
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31 Suppl):37-45.
Abstract: This article gives an overview of what is known about second trimester abortions in India, including the reasons why women seek abortions in the second trimester, the influence of abortion law and policy, surgical and medical methods used, both safe and unsafe, availability of services, requirements for second trimester service delivery, and barriers women experience in accessing second trimester services. Based on personal experiences and personal communications from other doctors since 1993, when I began working as an abortion provider, the practical realities of second trimester abortion and case histories of women seeking second trimester abortion are also described. Recommendations include expanding the cadre of service providers to non-allopathic clinicians and trained nurses, introducing second trimester medical abortion into the public health system, replacing ethacridine lactate with mifepristone-misoprostol, values clarification among providers to challenge stigma and poor treatment of women seeking second trimester abortion, and raising awareness that abortion is legal in the second trimester and is mostly not requested for reasons of sex selection.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SEX DETERMINATION | SEX PRESELECTION | ABORTION LAW | POLICY | SAFETY | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Genetic Techniques | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Technologies | Reproduction | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Pregnancy
Document Number: 330099 Notification

21.

Title: Abortion in Iran: What do we know?
Author: Erfani A
Source: London, Canada, University of Western Ontario, Population Studies Centre, 2008 Jan. 16 p. (Discussion Paper No. 08-01)
Abstract: Annually, an estimated 73,000 induced abortions are performed by married women of reproductive age in Iran. In addition to the post-abortion costs, which place a burden on the government, about 16 million dollars are spent annually by women in Iran to obtain these abortions, which are mostly illegal and unsafe. The extent of maternal mortality and health risks associated with unsafe abortions remain uncertain due to data limitations. To reduce clandestine, unsafe abortions, modern contraceptives should be supplied to provinces and sub-groups of the population with high fertility and low modern contraceptive use. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | WOMEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | SAFETY | ISLAM | Developing Countries | Middle East | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Public Health | Health | Religion | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 325674 Notification

22.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Dramatic fertility transition in Mongolia and its determinants: the demise of the pronatalist state.
Author: Gereltuya A
Source: Asia Pacific Population Journal. Aug;23(2):81-99.
Abstract: The move from a centrally controlled economy to a market-driven economy has had strong political implications for family planning and fertility in Mongolia. Under socialist rule, Mongolia had a strong pronatalist population policy under which those families having children were provided with generous benefits. The changes made to these policies have had a considerable impact on fertility and family formation in Mongolia. In the mid-1970s, the country started to experience a dramatic decrease in the level of fertility, which intensified when the country moved towards a market economy. The country experienced a drop in its total fertility rate (TFR) from 7.2 children per woman (of reproductive age) in 1975 to about 3 children in 1995, and it has remained constant at about 2.3 children since that time. Relatively few studies have been carried out on fertility changes in Mongolia with explanations about their causes, primarily owing to a lack of data sources. The aim of this paper is to examine fertility changes in Mongolia with respect to the changes in population policies and changes in the proximate determinants of fertility that have occurred since the mid-1970s.
Language: English
Keywords:
MONGOLIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | POPULATION POLICY | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ABORTION LAW | FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DECLINE | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 331309 Notification

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Despite differences in legal status, abortion occurs at similar rates in developing and developed countries.
Author: Hollander D
Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2008 Mar;40(1):55-56.
Abstract: An estimated 42 million abortions occurred throughout the world in 2003, and although the vast majority were in developing countries, where abortion laws generally are restrictive and unsafe procedures common, overall abortion rates were similar in developed and developing countries-26 and 29 per 1,000 women of reproductive age, respectively. Nearly half of abortions were unsafe procedures, which occurred at a rate of 16 for every 1,000 women aged 15-44 in developing countries and two per 1,000 women in developed countries. These findings are part of the picture painted by the first comprehensive assessment of abortion worldwide since 1995. The researchers gathered data on safe abortions-"those that meet legal requirements in countries in which abortion is legally permitted under a broad range of criteria"-from official national reporting systems, nationally representative surveys and published reports. They examined the quality of the data and corrected for under-reporting of abortions when the data appeared to be incomplete. To estimate the incidence of unsafe abortions-procedures performed "by people lacking the necessary skills or in an environment that does not conform to minimum medical standards"-they relied mainly on data from hospital records, surveys and published studies. United Nations population and birth estimates were used for the calculations of abortion rates and ratios. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | ABORTION | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 325198 Notification

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Estimates of induced abortion in Mexico: what's changed between 1990 and 2006?
Author: Juarez F; Singh S; Garcia SG; Olavarrieta CD
Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2008 Dec;34(4):158-168.
Abstract: CONTEXT: In Mexico, where abortion remains largely illegal and clandestine, reliable data on induced abortion and related morbidity are critical for informing policies and programs. The only available national estimate of abortion is for 1990, and demographic and socioeconomic changes since then have likely affected abortion incidence. METHODS: This study used official statistics on women treated for abortion-related complications in public hospitals in 2006 and data from a survey of informed health professionals. Indirect estimation techniques were used to calculate national and regional abortion measures, which were compared with 1990 estimates. RESULTS: In 2006, an estimated 150,000 women were treated for induced abortion complications in public-sector hospitals, and one in every 5.8 women having an induced abortion were estimated to have received such treatment. The estimated total number of induced abortions in 2006 was 875,000, and the abortion rate was 33 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. Between 1990 and 2006, the abortion rate increased by 33% (from a rate of 25). The severity of morbidity due to unsafe abortion declined (as seen in shorter hospital stays), but the annual rate of hospitalization did not-it was 5.4 per 1,000 women in 1990 and 5.7 in 2006. The abortion rate was similar to the national average in three regions (34-36), but substantially lower in one (25 in the South/East region). CONCLUSIONS: Clandestine abortion continues to negatively affect women's health in Mexico. Recommended responses include broadening the legal criteria for abortion throughout Mexico, improving contraceptive and postabortion services, and expanding training in the provision of safe abortion, including medical abortion.
Spanish Abstract: Contexto: En M�xico, donde el aborto inducido en gran parte contin�a siendo ilegal y clandestino, el contar con datos confiables sobre su incidencia y la morbilidad relacionada es cr�tico para fundamentar las pol�ticas y programas. La �nica estimaci�n nacional disponible sobre aborto es para 1990; y, desde entonces, los cambios demogr�ficos y socioecon�micos probablemente han afectado su incidencia. M�todos: El estudio us� estad�sticas oficiales sobre mujeres que recibieron tratamiento por complicaciones relacionadas con el aborto en hospitales p�blicos en 2006; y datos de una encuesta aplicada a profesionales de salud, informados en el tema. Se utiliz� t�cnicas de estimaci�n indirecta para calcular medidas de aborto nacionales y regionales, las cuales se compararon con las estimaciones de 1990. Resultados: En 2006, un n�mero estimado de 150,000 mujeres recibieron tratamiento por complicaciones de aborto inducido en hospitales del sector p�blico; y se estim� que una de cada 5.8 mujeres que tuvieron un aborto inducido recibi� dicho tratamiento. El n�mero total estimado de abortos inducidos en 2006 fue de 875,000; y la tasa de aborto fue de 33 por 1,000 mujeres de 15-44 a�os. Entre 1990 y 2006, la tasa de aborto aumento en 33% (de una tasa de 25). La severidad de la morbilidad debida al aborto inseguro disminuy� (como se observ� a trav�s de estancias m�s cortas en el hospital), pero no as� la tasa anual de hospitalizaci�n-que fue de 5.4 por 1,000 mujeres en 1990 y 5.7 en 2006. La tasa de aborto fue similar al promedio nacional en tres regiones (34-36), pero sustancialmente menor en una de ellas (25 en la regi�n Sureste). Conclusiones: En M�xico, el aborto clandestino contin�a afectando negativamente la salud de lasmujeres. Las acciones recomendadas incluyen la ampliaci�n de los criterios legales para el aborto en todoM�xico, elmejoramiento de los servicios de anticoncepci�n y postaborto, as� como la expansi�n de la capacitaci�n relacionada con la provisi�n del aborto seguro, incluido el aborto m�dico.
French Abstract: Contexte: Au Mexique, o� l'avortement demeure largement ill�gal et clandestin, la disponibilit� de donn�es fiables sur l'IVG et lamorbidit� aff�rente est essentielle � l'�laboration des politiques et des programmes. La seule estimation nationale disponible sur la question remonte � 1990. L'�volution d�mographique et socio�conomique a depuis lors vraisemblablement affect� l'incidence de l'avortement. M�thodes: Cette �tude repose sur les statistiques officielles relatives aux femmes trait�es pour complications d'un avortement dans les h�pitaux de l'�tat en 2006 et sur les donn�es d'une enqu�te men�e aupr�s des professionnels de la sant� inform�s sur la question. Les techniques d'estimation indirecte ont servi � calculer les mesures d'avortement nationales et r�gionales, par rapport aux estimations de 1990. R�sultats: Pour l'ann�e 2006, on estime � 150.000 le nombre de femmes trait�es pour complications d'un avortement provoqu� dans les h�pitaux du secteur public. Une femme avort�e sur 5,8 aurait, selon les estimations, re�u un tel traitement. Le nombre total d'IVG pratiqu�es en 2006 est estim� � 875.000, soit un taux d'avortement de 33 pour 1.000 femmes �g�es de 15 � 44 ans. Entre 1990 et 2006, le taux d'avortement a augment� de 33%(sur un taux de 25 pour 1.000). La gravit� de la morbidit� imputable � l'avortement non m�dicalis� a baiss� (comme l'indique la moindre dur�e des s�jours � l'h�pital), mais le taux d'hospitalisation annuel a, lui, augment�, passant de 5,4 pour 1.000 femmes en 1990 � 5,7 en 2006. Le taux d'avortement est comparable � la moyenne nationale dans trois r�gions (34-36 pour 1.000), mais il est nettement plus faible dans celle du sud-est (25 pour 1.000). Conclusions: L'avortement clandestin continue � affecter n�gativement la sant� desMexicaines. Les r�ponses recommand�es sont l'�largissement des crit�res d'avortement l�gal dans l'ensemble du pays, l'am�lioration des services contraceptifs et post-avortement, ainsi qu'une formation accrue � la prestation de l'avortement sans risque, y compris l'avortementm�dicalis�.
Language: English
Keywords:
MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ABORTION RATE | ABORTION | WOMEN'S HEALTH | RISK FACTORS | CHANGES | ABORTION LAW | MORBIDITY | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Health | Biology | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Diseases
Document Number: 330144 Notification

25.

Title: Abortion costs, sexual behavior, and pregnancy rates.
Author: Medoff MH
Source: Social Science Journal. 2008;:[17] p.
Abstract: This paper empirically examines the question: Do the direct (price) and indirect (restrictive abortion laws) costs of obtaining an abortion have an impact on the likelihood of women becoming pregnant? Using the economic model of fertility control, the empirical results find that increases in the real price of obtaining an abortion cause a statistically and numerically significant decrease in the pregnancy rate of all women of childbearing age (15-44 years) and teens (ages 15-19). A state parental involvement law is also found to decrease the pregnancy rate of all women of childbearing age and an even numerically larger decrease for teens. A state Medicaid funding restriction of abortion, waiting period law, and mandatory counseling law do not have a statistically significant impact on the pregnancy rate of either group. Taken together the empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis that women's sexual behavior is influenced by the direct and indirect cost of obtaining an abortion. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | PREGNANCY RATE | SEX BEHAVIOR | FEES | IMPACT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Measurements | Behavior | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Communication
Document Number: 324825 Notification

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Applying the WHO strategic approach to strengthening first and second trimester abortion services in Mongolia.
Author: Tsogt B; Seded K; Johnson BR
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31 Suppl):127-34.
Abstract: Abortion was made legal on request in Mongolia in 1989, following the collapse of the socialist regime, and later bound by a range of regulations. Concerned about the high number of abortions and inadequate quality of care in abortion services, the Ministry of Health applied the World Health Organization's Strategic Approach to issues related to abortion and contraception in 2003. The aim was to develop policies and programmes to reduce unintended pregnancies, mitigate complications from unsafe abortion, and improve the quality of abortion and contraception services for all socio-economic groups, including adolescents. This paper describes the changes that arose from a strategic assessment, highlighting the introduction of mifepristone-misoprostol for second trimester abortion. The aim was to replace mini-caesarean section and intra-uterine injection of Rivanol (ethacridine lactate), so that second trimester abortions could take place earlier than at 20 weeks gestation. National standards and guidelines for comprehensive abortion care were developed, the national pre-service training curriculum was harmonized with the new guidelines, at least one-third of the country's obstetrician-gynaecologists were trained in manual vacuum aspiration and medical abortion, and three model comprehensive abortion care units were established to provide high quality services to women, high quality training for providers and serve as nodes for further scaling up.
Language: English
Keywords:
MONGOLIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WHO | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | POLICY | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | CESAREAN SECTION | SURGERY | RU-486 | MISOPROSTOL | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Obstetrical Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Hormone Antagonists | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins
Document Number: 330097 Notification

27.

Title: The health of women [editorial]
Source: Lancet. 2007 Mar 3;369(9563):715.
Abstract: March 8, 2007, marks International Women's Day--a day widely recognised as an annual opportunity to focus on the predicaments facing women around the world. The day can be viewed as a celebration of progress made so far towards women achieving equality with men, but it can also act as a reminder of all that still needs to be done. Although there has undoubtedly been major progress to date, in no country in the world can women claim to have the same rights and opportunities as men. This is especially so in the context of health. Progress in recent years is partly because of the international focus and activity centred around the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). MDG-3 aims to promote gender equality and empower women. Its associated target is to eliminate gender disparity between primary and secondary education. Indicators are: the ratio of girls to boys in all levels of education; the ratio of literate women to men; the share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector; and the proportion of seats held by women in national parliament. It is a lost opportunity that no health indicator was added to this list. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | WOMEN'S HEALTH | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | GOALS | DEVELOPMENT PLANS | POLITICAL FACTORS | ABORTION LAW | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Women's Status | Planning | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Human Rights
Document Number: 312898 Notification

28.

Title: Making abortion legal, safe, and rare [editorial]
Source: Lancet. 2007 Aug;370(9584):291.
Abstract: "Every attempt should be made to eliminate the need for abortion", concluded the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt. Yet, since the conference, funding for family planning has decreased and informed debate about abortion has been stifled by political, religious, and financial pressure. In today's Lancet, Jill Replogle's World Report describes changes to abortion laws in Latin America. Some countries are making abortions more difficult to obtain; others easier. The changes will please some readers and dismay others. Irrespective of an individual's viewpoint, the debate over abortion in Latin America cannot be ignored. In Brazil, which has the world's largest Roman Catholic population, abortion is only permitted after rape or to save a mother's life. Yet every year 1.4 million women undergo the procedure, terminating one in three pregnancies. Almost 250 000 Brazilian women seek treatment in public hospitals for subsequent complications, even though this action may make them liable for prosecution for performing or consenting to an abortion. Across the continent, 3.8 million women underwent such unsafe abortions in 2000, resulting in 12% of the region's maternal mortality. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | ABORTION | WOMEN | LOW INCOME POPULATION | ABORTION LAW | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FUNDS | POLITICAL FACTORS | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health | Contraceptive Availability | Contraception | Financial Activities | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 318921 Notification

29.

Title: Advocating for sexual rights in fundamentalist contexts: an overview of successful experiences from a variety of contexts. Experiences presented during the Ist Americas Social Forum, Quito, Ecuador and the 5th World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Author: Catolicas por el Derecho a Decidir Cordoba; International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission
Source: New York, New York, International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, [2007]. [90] p.
Abstract: This report comprises nine presentations. The first two chapters provide the background needed to get an understanding the struggle against fundamentalisms in different contexts, which are described in the rest of the publication. In Chapter 1 Marta Vasallo gives us a general overview of the origin and scope of fundamentalisms in its relation with secular states. The presentation by Juan Marco Vaggione in Chapter 2 is based on the article previously published by CLADEM in La Trampa de la Moral �nica, Argumentos para una Democracia Secular Publisher L�nea Andina: Lima, 2005. These two presentations were made in Porto Alegre, Brazil during the WORLD SOCIAL FORUM in January 2005 along with Blanca Dole Dur�n's presentation, which talks of the Honduran experience. The following chapters, which situate this global reality in the local context, describe various experiences in the fight against fundamentalisms in Peru (Chapter 4), Brazil (Chapter 5), Argentina (Chapters 6 and 7) and Colombia (Chapters 8 and 9). These presentations were made in Quito, Ecuador during the 1st AMERICAS SOCIAL FORUM held in July 2004. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
LATIN AMERICA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | HOMOSEXUALS | HUMAN RIGHTS | ADVOCACY | CONSERVATISM | CATHOLICISM | SEXUALITY | ABORTION LAW | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Developing Countries | Americas | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Christianity | Religion | Personality | Psychological Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Problems
Document Number: 316347 Notification

30.

Title: Abortion policy in the absence of Roe. State policies in brief as of January 1, 2007.
Author: Guttmacher Institute
Source: New York, New York, Guttmacher Institute, 2007 Jan 1. [2] p.
Abstract: Recent changes in the membership of the U.S. Supreme Court have led some state policymakers to consider the possibility that Roe v. Wade could be overturned and regulation of abortion returned to the states. Some states are considering legislation aimed at banning abortion in the state under all of virtually all circumstances; these measures are widely viewed as an attempt to provoke a legal challenge to Roe. Other states are considering so-called trigger laws that would ban abortion in the event that Roe is overturned. Still other states have pre-1973 abortion bans still on the books; theoretically, these measures could be enforced if Roe were ever overturned. Meanwhile, some states are moving in the opposite direction by passing laws that essentially codify the parameters of Roe. These laws prohibit any interference with a woman exercising her right to obtain an abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the life and health of the woman. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | COURT DECISION | ABORTION LAW | POLICY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Litigation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning
Document Number: 310873 Notification


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